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Guanosine
Names
	IUPAC name Guanosine
	Systematic IUPAC name 2-Amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
	Other names Guanine riboside
Identifiers
CAS Number	118-00-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16750 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL375655 ;
ChemSpider	6544 ;
DrugBank	DB02857 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.844
IUPHAR/BPS	4567;
KEGG	C00387 ;
MeSH	Guanosine
PubChem CID	765;
UNII	12133JR80S ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00893055 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H13N5O5/c11-10-13-7-4(8(19)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(18)5(17)3(1-16)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,16-18H,1H2,(H3,11,13,14,19)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1 Key: NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N ; InChI=1/C10H13N5O5/c11-10-13-7-4(8(19)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(18)5(17)3(1-16)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,16-18H,1H2,(H3,11,13,14,19)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1 Key: NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZBU;
	SMILES c1nc2c(=O)[nH]c(nc2n1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H13N5O5
Molar mass	283.241
Appearance	white, crystalline powder
Odor	odorless
Melting point	239 (decomposes)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-149.1·10−6 cm3/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Guanosine (symbol G or Guo) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N₉-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). These forms play important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP). When guanine is attached by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of a deoxyribose ring it is known as deoxyguanosine.

Physical and chemical properties

Guanosine is a white, crystalline powder with no odor and mild saline taste.^[2] It is very soluble in acetic acid, slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene and chloroform.^[3]

Functions

Guanosine is required for an RNA splicing reaction in mRNA, when a "self-splicing" intron removes itself from the mRNA message by cutting at both ends, re-ligating, and leaving just the exons on either side to be translated into protein.^[4]

Uses

The antiviral drug acyclovir, often used in herpes treatment, and the anti-HIV drug abacavir, are structurally similar to guanosine.^[5]^[6] Guanosine was also used to make regadenoson.

Sources

Guanosine can be found in pancreas, clover, coffee plant, and pollen of pines.^[2]

References

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 1421. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robert A. Lewis, Michael D. Larrañaga, Richard J. Lewis Sr. (2016). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary (16th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 688. ISBN 978-1-118-13515-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b William M. Haynes (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 3–286. ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3.
^ Splicing (JPG) Archived June 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Acyclovir". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-01-05. Retrieved Jan 1, 2015.
^ Product Information: ZIAGEN(R) oral tablets, oral solution, abacavir sulfate oral tablets, oral solution. ViiV Healthcare (per Manufacturer), Research Triangle Park, NC, 2015.