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Gryllidae; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Female Gryllus campestris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Orthoptera
Suborder:	Ensifera
Superfamily:	Grylloidea
Family:	Gryllidae; Laicharting, 1781
Synonyms
	Gryllides Laicharting, 1781; Mitratogryllus Furukawa, 1985 (nomen nudum); Paragryllidae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1987;

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. Imms^[3]): taxa such as the tree crickets, spider-crickets and their allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been moved or elevated to family level.^[a] The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.^[4]

They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica).^[2] The most familiar field crickets (Gryllinae) are characteristically robust brown or black insects;^[5] the largest members of the family are the 5 cm (2 in)-long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep.

^ Many taxa in the Ensifera may be called crickets sensu lato, including the Rhaphidophoridae – cave or camel crickets; Stenopelmatidae – Jerusalem or sand crickets; Mogoplistidae – scaly crickets; Gryllotalpidae – mole crickets; Anabrus – Mormon crickets; Myrmecophilidae – ant crickets; and Tettigoniidae – the bush crickets or katydids.

Subfamilies

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):^[2]

Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
- Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 (now includes Sclerogryllini Gorochov, 1985)
- Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 monotypic: Gryllomimus Chopard, 1936 (Africa)
- Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
- †Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
  - †Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
  - †Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
  - †Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
  - †Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
  - †Proararipegryllus Gorochov & Coram, 2022
- Gryllinae incertae sedis

Capillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003
†Cratogryllus Martins-Neto, 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
Neogryllodes Otte, 1994
Rhabdotogryllus Chopard, 1954
†Sharovella Gorochov, 1985
Spinogryllus Vasanth, 1993
†Trichogryllus Chopard, 1936

- Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
- Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
- genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
- genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
- genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019^[6] Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
- genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
- genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
- genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement^[7])
- genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

References

^ Laicharting JN von (1781) Verzeichnis und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten 1.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Family Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781)". Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
^ Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.
^ Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.
^ Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. pp. 232–236. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0.
^ Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63.
^ Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936

External links

Data related to Gryllidae at Wikispecies
Media related to Gryllidae at Wikimedia Commons

[4] Many taxa in the Ensifera may be called crickets sensu lato, including the Rhaphidophoridae – cave or camel crickets; Stenopelmatidae – Jerusalem or sand crickets; Mogoplistidae – scaly crickets; Gryllotalpidae – mole crickets; Anabrus – Mormon crickets; Myrmecophilidae – ant crickets; and Tettigoniidae – the bush crickets or katydids.

[1] Laicharting JN von (1781) Verzeichnis und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten 1.

[OSF-2] "Family Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781)". Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 3 September 2020.

[Imms-3] Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.

[5] Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.

[Resh-6] Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. pp. 232–236. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0.

[7] Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63.

[8] Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936

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Gryllidae

Subfamilies

See also

References

External links