Grey Lynn is an inner suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west of the city centre. Originally a separate borough, Grey Lynn amalgamated with Auckland City in 1914.
Grey Lynn is centred on Grey Lynn Park, which was not part of the original subdivision of 1883, since the land was too steep and too wet for house construction. In 1915, the land was drained and levelled for playing fields.[3] The park is home to the annual Grey Lynn Park Festival, which attracts around 100,000 visitors on the third Saturday in November.[4]
History
Prior to the arrival of Europeans in Auckland, Grey Lynn was a frequent transit point with abundant food sources and access to freshwater.[5] Food sources included several kūmara plantations in Grey Lynn, on the hill slopes above Opoutukeha, Coxs Creek.[3] In the late 17th or early 18th century, there were a series of raids in the area led by Kāwharu (Tainui), known as Raupatu Tīhore.[6] Kāwharu reportedly rested his head on the ridge that is now the location of Surrey Crescent, leading to it being called Te Rae o Kāwharu (Kāwharu's brow), which was later adopted as the Māori name of Grey Lynn School.[7][8]
Early European settlements and farming
Grey Lynn was part of the first 3000-acre block of land gifted by Ngāti Whātau Ōrākei in October 1840.[9] The Grey Lynn area was originally known as Newton until being renamed in August 1899.[10]
In 1844 and 1845, blocks of land in the western part of Grey Lynn were auctioned off.[11] In the early 1840s, John Monteforte bought Surrey Hills, which encompassed much of the land from Ponsonby to Richmond Roads, totalling 198 acres (80 hectares).[12] In 1847, Thomas Crummer and James Williamson bought Surrey Hills and eventually owned all the land bounded by Ponsonby, Great North and Richmond Roads, except for "three blocks at the northern end where Tutanekai, Hakanoa and Sackville streets run," the majority of modern Grey Lynn.[13][14]
The Surrey Hills was leased from the early 1840s to the mid-1880s, and housed a farm and a sheep run.[15] Notably, in 1871, Frank Lawry leased part of the Surrey Hills and created a dairy farm.[16][17] Following Crummer's death, Williamson bought the Crummer's children's share in Surrey Hills.[14] When Williamson was facing financial hardship in the early 1880s, Surrey Hills was bought by the Auckland Agricultural Company.[18][19]
Early industry and infrastructure
Grey Lynn had a number of brickyards, particularly along the Great North Road.[20] In 1871, Thomas Faulder was appointed night soil contractor for Auckland, and used his land between Surrey Crescent and Tuarangi Road for its disposal.[21][22] During the early 1870s, there were numerous complaints over the use of this land for this purpose, including to the Central Board of Health in 1874.[23] The depot was relocated to Avondale in 1875.[24] In 1906, James Tattersfield set up a mattress factory on the corner of Sackville and Richmond Road.[25] The factory was later expanded to produce carpets.[25]
Initial subdivisions
In 1883, the 127 hectares (310 acres) that was the Surrey Hills Estate was subdivided for residential purposes, the largest subdivision in the area at the time.[10][26] In 1885, there was a depression in the economy which slowed building on the estate.[27] In the late 1890s-early 1900s, building resumed and, by 1903, there were 1040 dwellings.[28] With the extensions of the tramlines to West Lynn in 1910, there was another wave of subdivisions.[29] There was also the development of shops - notably on Great North Road, Williamson Avenue and Tuarangi Road.[30]
Post World War One
In 1902, Grey Lynn electorate voted to be dry, and this continued until 1937.[31][32][33] This resulted in a number of non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers to establish operations in the Grey Lynn area.[31] In addition to these businesses, in 1925, Dominion Compressed Yeast Company set up a factory in Grey Lynn to supply their North Island market, and, in 1929, Auckland Laundry Company moved its operations to Surrey Crescent.[34][35][36] In 1938, the existing store fronts on the corners of Williamson Avenue, were replaced with the Grey Lynn Post Office and the ASB Bank.[37][38]
In the 1920s, Auckland City Council began building workers housing with 60 houses built on Old Mill and West View Roads.[39][40] In the 1930s, with the Great Depression, the demand for workers decreased.[41] In the 1940s, state-owned units for pensioners were built on the Great North Road and on the corner of Surrey Crescent and Gilbert Avenue.[42] After World War Two, Auckland's manufacturing businesses started booming, existing factories in Grey Lynn expanded, new factories were established in the area, and there was significant demand on housing.[43] Grey Lynn remained a largely working-class suburb until the 1970s.[44]
Modern history
The 1970s saw a renewed interest in older Victorian properties, and from that period onwards many young professionals began buying dilapidated kauri villas in areas like Grey Lynn and renovating them.[44] From the early 1980s, this gentrification began to visibly change the area, resulting in an increase in house prices and in higher rents.[45] This also led to an increase in the number of people renting in Grey Lynn. In 1961, 31% of people in Grey Lynn were renting, by 1981 this had already increased to 45%.[46]
In the 1980s and 1990s, businesses in the creative fields started developing in Grey Lynn, including the Gow Langsford Gallery on the corner of Richmond Road and Warnock Street in 1987 and Mai FM on Crummer Road in 1992.[47] The offices of Recorded Music New Zealand are still located on Hakanoa Street.[48][49] Other businesses, such as Burrell Demolition and Wilton Motor Body factory, moved out of the area, and were replaced with housing or businesses and shops that reflected the gentrification of the area.[50]
In 1972, the Grey Lynn community requested a community centre which opened in 1975.[51] It was redeveloped in 2000, and remains open to this day.[52][53]
In 1869, the Newton Highway District and a corresponding governing board was formed, encompassing the land bordered by Great North Road, Tuarangi Road and Motions Creek.[54] The Newton Highway Board originally administered an area of 366 hectares (900 acres). In November 1885, the Newton Borough Council was formed and took over administration from the Highway Board.[10] Grey Lynn was an independent borough from 1885–1914, led by a mayor, listed below. The Grey Lynn Borough Council merged into Auckland City Council on July 1914.[55] In 1914 Grey Lynn was amalgamated with the City of Auckland.[10]
Grey Lynn Park was established in the 1883, at the site of a former dairy farm.[56][57] The Grey Lynn Park Festival has been held in early summer since 1984,[58] and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2009.[59] It is the last independent community event in the city.[citation needed] The event, which attracts on average 100,000 visitors each year, is organised by four people who raise money from stall fees and charitable grants.[60] It started as a local community get-together with working-class and Pasifika roots, though the appeal has broadened through the decades.[61] Local band Unity Pacific first performed at the festival in 1987, and have appeared many times since. They headlined in 2009.[59]
Education and sports
Grey Lynn School and Newton Central School are contributing primary (years 1-6) schools with rolls of 276[62] and 333,[63] respectively.
St Joseph's School is a Catholic state-integrated full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 52.[64]
All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024.[65]
Grey Lynn Park is the home ground of the Richmond Rovers rugby league club, one of the oldest Rugby League clubs in Auckland.[56]
Demographics
Grey Lynn covers 2.82 km2 (1.09 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 11,880 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 4,213 people per km2.
Grey Lynn had a population of 11,733 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 891 people (8.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,491 people (14.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 4,173 households, comprising 5,751 males and 5,985 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 1,695 people (14.4%) aged under 15 years, 3,291 (28.0%) aged 15 to 29, 5,994 (51.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 753 (6.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 78.7% European/Pākehā, 9.7% Māori, 12.4% Pacific peoples, 9.8% Asian, and 3.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 29.6, compared with 27.1 nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 60.5% had no religion, 28.2% were Christian, 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.6% were Hindu, 0.9% were Muslim, 1.0% were Buddhist and 2.7% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 4,884 (48.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 564 (5.6%) people had no formal qualifications. 3,432 people (34.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 6,591 (65.7%) people were employed full-time, 1,392 (13.9%) were part-time, and 318 (3.2%) were unemployed.[66]
Carlile HouseGrey Lynn Public LibrarySt Joseph's Church
Grey Lynn Council Chambers and Fire Station: The former Borough Council Chambers and Fire Station. This building is distinguished by a wooden spire (recently restored) which originally housed the fire bell. Standing at the Ponsonby Road end of Williamson Avenue, this brick building dates from 1889, was designed by John Mitchell.[71]
Former Auckland Savings Bank: Located on Ponsonby Road near the intersection with Karangahape Road.[citation needed] This italianate building was designed in 1885 by Edward Bartley – originally a single story building it received a second story designed by the same architect in 1900. The former banking chamber is distinguished by the use of New Zealand marble. In the 1920s the lower part of the room was lined with panelling made of Cloudy Bay Marble from Nelson.[citation needed] Currently occupied by an Art Gallery.
Allendale House: At the corner of Crummer Road and Ponsonby Road stands the large 1890s Italianate house of George Allen, a saddle and harness maker.[72] Allendale is a local landmark, having been successively a doctor's surgery, Maori girls hostel, boarding house, refuge for alcoholic men, and a restaurant.[72] In 1989, it was purchased by the ASB Community Trust, now Foundation North, as its headquarters and was the subject of a large restoration and extension project from 2013 to 2015.[73]
Carlile House: A large Italianate building at 84 Richmond Road, designed by Robert Jones Roberts.[74] Built in 1886 as an industrial school named the Costley Training Institute as part of the bequest of Edward Costley who left money for several Auckland charities.[74] Owned by the adjacent church, it is now in poor condition and vandalised.[75] The original stables are still visible on the Chamberlain Street side.
Grey Lynn Public Library: Located at the Surrey Crescent shop at 474 Great North Road. This Neo-Georgian building was designed by architect William Gummer, and was opened in December 1924 by the then Mayor Sir James Gunson.[76] It continues to be used as a public library and community hall today, and the inside now includes murals painted by artist Murray Grimsdale.[77]
Former Cameo Cinema: Located at the Surrey Crescent shops, built in 1928, this Art-Deco building has been subdivided into several spaces and is occupied by a variety of businesses.[78] The arched entrance is still a feature of the streetscape facing down Great North Road towards Western Springs.
St Joseph's Church: Located on the Great North Road at Surrey Crescent. This modernist Roman Catholic Church from 1958 was designed by Guy Chambers and is distinguished by stained glass windows by Milan Mrkusich.[citation needed]
St Joseph's Convent: Adjacent to the church on Great North Road is a school with modern buildings. One building is the former Convent built in the 1920s to replace an earlier wooden structure which burnt down.[citation needed] It is currently used as a hostel.
Notable people
Notable people who have grown up, lived or worked in Grey Lynn include:
^ ab"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Grey Lynn North (131600), Grey Lynn West (132100), Grey Lynn Central (132800) and Grey Lynn East (133500).
