Got to Be Certain

"Got to Be Certain"
Single by Kylie Minogue
from the album Kylie
Released2 May 1988 (1988-05-02)
StudioMelbourne, Australia
Genre
Length3:19
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Stock Aitken Waterman
Kylie Minogue singles chronology
"I Should Be So Lucky"
(1987) 		"Got to Be Certain"
(1988) 		"Je ne sais pas pourquoi"
(1988)
Music video
"Got to Be Certain" on YouTube

"Got to Be Certain" is a song by Australian singer Kylie Minogue from her debut studio album, Kylie (1988). Written and produced by English songwriting and record production trio Stock Aitken Waterman (SAW), the song was released as the second single from Kylie in most territories outside Australia, and was released on 2 May 1988 in Australia and the United Kingdom. In Australia, "Got to Be Certain" was Minogue's third single release.[3] "Got to Be Certain" was a commercial success, peaking at number one in Minogue's native Australia and number two on the UK Singles Chart.

Background and composition

Minogue performing the track on her Anti Tour (2012)

With the success of her first two singles, "Locomotion" in 1987 and "I Should Be So Lucky" in early 1988, Minogue began work on her debut studio album Kylie. Initially declining to work with Stock, Aitken and Waterman again after feeling snubbed and disrespected when the producers kept her waiting to record "I Should Be So Lucky", Minogue was convinced to give the trio a second chance after Mike Stock flew to her native Melbourne, Australia in February 1988 and personally apologised to her and her family.[4]

The track, along with two other album tracks, and future international singles "Turn It into Love" and "It's No Secret", was recorded in evening sessions while Minogue was working long hours on her TV show, Neighbours, with an exhausted Minogue at times breaking down in tears as the pressure of her situation mounted.[4][5]

"Got to Be Certain" was not written especially for Kylie; it was first recorded by singer and PWL stablemate Mandy Smith for her debut album Mandy which was also produced by Stock Aitken Waterman.[6] However, her version was shelved and the song released by Kylie instead after Pete Waterman decided to abandon Smith's version amid general unhappiness at PWL over how the track was progressing.[4] Smith's original recording of "Got to Be Certain" was denied by Mike Stock in his book The Hit Factory: The Stock Aitken Waterman Story, but it was eventually released in 2005 as a bonus track on the hits compilation Stock Aitken Waterman Gold. Smith's version was also added to the 2009 re-issue of her album.

Music video

The music video for "Got to Be Certain" was directed by Chris Langman and filmed in April 1988. The video was filmed in Melbourne, Australia. A number of different edits of the video were produced amid creative tensions between the Mushroom Records team and PWL staff, with the latter strongly objecting to one of Kylie's hairstyles in the video's original cut.[4] The director's cut version of the video starts off with Minogue at a photoshoot, posing in different poses. It then cuts to Minogue sitting in a coffee-house during the verses, then shows her on top of the T&G (now KPMG) Building on Melbourne's Collins Street during the bridge, wearing a "black boat-neck dress, white teeth gleaming, hair a perfect honey blonde and skin as gold as the coins that were piling in".[7] Each of the first two choruses features Minogue walking around Melbourne's Yarra River and then walking through a park.[7] The breakdown cuts to Minogue and her friends dancing around the coffee house, before the video ends with bloopers from the video shoot. This director's cut version is preserved on the 1988 The Kylie Collection VHS and LaserDisc and the 2002 Greatest Hits DVD.

There are two other official versions of the music video. The "Original Version" begins with bloopers from the video shoot[8] and features scenes of Minogue in an artist's studio rather than a photoshoot, wearing a skin-tight red T-shirt dress with a pin bearing the work "amour". It then eventually features Minogue on a carousel that apparently "hadn't been oiled since Kylie was born".[7] The "Location Only" version, introduced on the 1992 Greatest Hits VHS and LaserDisc, is again a different edit with only the outdoor shots.[9] Both versions were made available as extras on the 2002 Greatest Hits DVD. The video edit featured on the 2004 Ultimate Kylie DVD combines the first half and blooper ending of the director's cut with most of the second half of the "Location Only" version for unknown reasons.

Critical reception

When reviewing the new singles, Chris Twomey of Record Mirror predicted the commercial success of "Got to Be Certain", noting that "[Minogue's] song (for want of a more accurate term) proves that they're still churning'em out relentlessly down at the SAW factory".[10] Richard Lowe of Smash Hits elected "Got to Be Certain" as the "single of the fortnight", and while acknowledging that the track, as every SAW single, would be very diversely appreciated among the people, deemed that the half of them "will consider the rather-goodness of the tune" and predicted its "quite right" success on the charts.[11] In 2023, Robert Moran of Australian daily tabloid newspaper The Sydney Morning Herald ranked the song as Minogue's 53rd best song (out of 183), describing it "a swinging singalong track".[12]

Chart performance

On 2 May 1988, "Got to Be Certain" was released in the United Kingdom. The song became Minogue's second top five hit when it debuted at number fifteen on the singles chart before climbing the chart in the weeks that followed, peaking at number two and remaining there for three weeks. It eventually sold 315,000 copies.[13] Outside of the UK, the song was also widely successful. The single sold 17,227 copies in Sweden at the time.[citation needed] In New Zealand, it peaked at number two and stayed in the charts for 14 weeks, making it her most successful single in the country at that time.[14] In Australia, "Got to Be Certain" was released on 7-inch and 12-inch vinyl on 20 June 1988,[3] cassette single on 11 July 1988,[15] and the remix 12" was released on 25 July 1988.[16] It became the second single ever to debut on the Australian singles chart at number one, remaining in the top spot for three weeks from July 4, 1988 (ARIA).[17]

Live performances

"Got to Be Certain" was also performed at many of Minogue's concert tours, including the Enjoy Yourself Tour, Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour and The Homecoming Tour. The song was performed at her Anti Tour in 2012, at her Kiss Me Once Tour in 2014 and on Minogue's one-off show The Kylie Show. Minogue performed the song on her Aphrodite: Les Folies Tour.[18]

Formats and track listings

CD single

  1. "Got to Be Certain" (Extended Mix) – 6:36
  2. "I Should Be So Lucky" (Extended Mix) – 6:08
  3. "Got to Be Certain" (Out for a Duck, Bill, Platter Plus Dub Mix – Instrumental) – 3:17

7-inch vinyl single

  1. "Got to Be Certain" – 3:17
  2. "Got to Be Certain" (Out for a Duck, Bill, Platter Plus Dub Mix – Instrumental) – 3:17

12-inch vinyl single

  1. "Got to Be Certain" (Extended Mix) – 6:36
  2. "Got to Be Certain" (Out for a Duck, Bill, Platter Plus Dub Mix – Instrumental) – 3:17
  3. "Got to Be Certain" – 3:17

12-inch remix

  1. "Got to Be Certain" (Ashes to Ashes – The Extra Beat Boys remix) – 6:52
  2. "Got to Be Certain" (Out for a Duck, Bill, Platter Plus Dub Mix – Instrumental) – 3:17
  3. "Got to Be Certain" – 3:17

iTunes digital EP – Remixes (2009)

  1. "Got to Be Certain"
  2. "Got to Be Certain" (Extended Mix)
  3. "Got to Be Certain" (Ashes to Ashes – The Extra Beat Boys remix)
  4. "Got to Be Certain" (Out for a Duck, Bill, Platter Plus Dub Mix – Instrumental)
  5. "Got to Be Certain" (backing track)
  6. "Love at First Sight" (1988 version) (instrumental)
  7. "Love at First Sight" (1988 version) (backing track)

Charts

Certifications and sales

Certifications for "Got to Be Certain"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[41] Gold 35,000^
France (SNEP)[42] Silver 250,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[44] Silver 315,000[43]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

  1. ^ "For her 50th birthday, we rank Kylie Minogue's 50 best songs". Herald Sun. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Fifty Years of Queer Icon Kylie Minogue". Into More. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Australian Music Report No 725 – 20 June 1988 > Singles: New Releases". Australian Music Report. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d "A Journey Through Stock Aitken Waterman: Ep 34: Mind Over Matter to Maybe (We Should Call It A Day) on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Got to be Certain | Kylie Minogue". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
  6. ^ "A Journey Through Stock Aitken Waterman: Ep 51: Never Too Late to When Love Takes Over You on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  7. ^ a b c Inner lines: Pg 22 – la la la – Written by William Baker and Kylie Minogue "ISBN 0-340-73440-X".
  8. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Kylie Minogue - Got to Be Certain [Original Version]". YouTube. 12 May 2009.
  9. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "kylie minogue got to be certain location only hq". YouTube. 7 May 2016.
  10. ^ Twoney, Chris (14 May 1988). "45 reviewed by Chris Twoney" (PDF). Record Mirror. London: Spotlight Publications Ltd. p. 29. ISSN 0144-5804. Retrieved 30 October 2023 – via World Radio History.
  11. ^ Lowe, Richard (18–31 May 1988). "Singles reviewed by Richard Lowe" (PDF). Smash Hits. Vol. 10, no. 10. p. 63. ISSN 0260-3004. Retrieved 16 November 2023 – via World Radio History.
  12. ^ Moran, Robert; Ross, Annabel (25 September 2023). "Every Kylie Minogue song ranked". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. ISSN 0312-6315. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  13. ^ "Kylie Minogue's Official Number 2 Singles' Sales Revealed". Official Charts. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  14. ^ Steffen Hung. "Kylie Minogue – Got To Be Certain". Charts.nz. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  15. ^ "Australian Music Report No 728 – 11 July 1988 > Singles: New Releases". I.imgur.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  16. ^ "Australian Music Report No 730 – 25 July 1988 > Singles: New Releases". I.imgur.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  17. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain (song)". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  18. ^ Collinson, Dawn (2 April 2011). "Concert Review: Kylie Minogue at the MEN Arena". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  19. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  20. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  21. ^ "Hitlisten.NU – Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain" (in Danish). Tracklisten. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  22. ^ Danish Singles Chart 1 July 1988
  23. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  24. ^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles". Music & Media. Vol. 5, no. 25. 18 June 1988. pp. 18–19. OCLC 29800226.
  25. ^ "European Airplay Top 50" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 5, no. 27. 2 July 1988. p. 17. OCLC 29800226. Retrieved 22 August 2023 – via World Radio History.
  26. ^ "Top 3 Singles in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 5, no. 25. 18 June 1988. p. 32. OCLC 29800226. Retrieved 11 August 2023 – via World Radio History.
  27. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  28. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  29. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Got to Be Certain". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  30. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  31. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain". VG-lista. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  32. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  33. ^ "Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  34. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  35. ^ "Top Dance Singles" (PDF). Music Week. 28 May 1988. p. 12. Retrieved 28 August 2023 – via World Radio History.
  36. ^ "ARIA End of Year Singles 1988". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  37. ^ "1988 Year End Eurocharts" (PDF). Music & Media. 1 January 1988. p. 30. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  38. ^ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts". Offiziellecharts.de (in German). Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  39. ^ "Top Selling Singles of 1988". Recorded Music NZ. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  40. ^ Scaping, Peter, ed. (1991). "Top 100 Singles: 1988". BPI YearBook 1989/90. London, England: British Phonographic Industry. pp. 64–65. ISBN 978-0-9061-5410-6.
  41. ^ "This Week In... 1988". ARIA. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  42. ^ "French single certifications – Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved 10 January 2015. Select KYLIE MINOGUE and click OK. 
  43. ^ Myers, Justin (22 March 2014). "Kylie Minogue's Official Number 2 Singles' Sales Revealed". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  44. ^ "British single certifications – Kylie Minogue – Got to Be Certain". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 10 January 2015.

Read other articles:

Svenska mästerskapet i handboll för herrar 1944/1945

Svenska mästerskapet i handboll för herrar 1944/1945EvenemangsfaktaDatum1944–19450 MästareMajornas IK (6:e titeln) FinalistIFK Karlskrona  Föregående Följande  1943/1944 1945/1946 Svenska mästerskapet i handboll 1944/1945 vanns av Majornas IK. Deltagande lag var DM-vinnarna från respektive distrikt.[1] Omgång 1 IK Tord–HK Drott 5–11 Omgång 2 Norslunds IF–Gävle GIK 9–16 Visby IF–SoIK Hellas 13–19 Skövde AIK–Karlstads BIK w.o. Lysekils FF–Majornas IK 8–...

 

 

Neuchâtel

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Canton Neuchâtel. Neuchâtel Neuchâtel (Jerman: Neuenburgcode: de is deprecated , bahasa Italia: Neocastello) merupakan nama kota di Swiss. Letaknya di bagian utara. Neuchâtel juga merupakan ibu kota canton Neuchâtel. Pada tahun 2011, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 33.412 jiwa dan memiliki luas wilayah 18,1 km². Kota ini memiliki angka kepadatan penduduk sebesar 1.851 jiwa/km². Di sini klub sepak bola Neuchâtel Xamax bermarkas di kota ini....

 

 

Columbus-Belmont State Park

State park in Kentucky, United States Columbus-Belmont State ParkColumbus-Belmont State Park AnchorLocation in KentuckyShow map of KentuckyLocation in United StatesShow map of the United StatesTypeKentucky state parkLocationHickman County, Kentucky, United StatesCoordinates36°45′56″N 89°06′25″W / 36.765556°N 89.106944°W / 36.765556; -89.106944Area156 acres (63 ha)Created1934Operated byKentucky Department of ParksOpenYear-roundWebsiteOfficial websi...

U.S. Catanzaro 1929

Catanzaro[1]Nama lengkapUnione SportivaCatanzaro 1929[2]JulukanAquile del sud (Elang Selatan)[2]Berdiri19291946[3] (didirikan kembali)2006[4] (didirikan kembali)2011[5][6] (didirikan kembali)[7][8]StadionStadio Nicola Ceravolo,Catanzaro, Italia(Kapasitas: 14,650)PemilikCatanzaro Calcio 2011 S.r.l.[9]KetuaFloriano NotoManajerVincenzo VivariniLigaSerie C Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga U.S. Catanzaro 192...

 

 

Tovo di Sant'Agata

Tovo di Sant'Agata commune di Italia Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaRegion di ItaliaLombardyProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Sondrio NegaraItalia Ibu kotaTovo di Sant'Agata PendudukTotal620  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah11,15 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian531 m Berbatasan denganEdolo Lovero Monno Vervio Mazzo di Valtellina SejarahSanto pelindungÀita Informasi tambahanKode pos23030 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0342 ID ISTAT014068 Kode kadaster ItaliaL316 Lain-lainSitus we...

 

 

Max Reger

Max Reger Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger (19 Maret 1873 – 11 Mei 1916) merupakan seorang komponis berkebangsaan Jerman. Dia dilahirkan di, Reger belajar musik di Muenchen dan Wiesbaden dengan Hugo Riemann. Pada tahun 1901 dia pindah ke New York dan pada tahun 1907 dia bekerja di Leipzig. Karya Opus List Violin Sonata no. 1, d-minor, op. 1 (1890) Piano Trio no. 1 for Violin, Viola and Piano, b-minor, op. 2 (1891) Violin Sonata no. 2, D-major, op. 3 (1891) Six Songs, op....

Legend of Mana: The Teardrop Crystal

2022 anime television series Legend of Mana: The Teardrop CrystalKey visual聖剣伝説 —THE TEARDROP CRYSTAL—(Seiken Densetsu: The Teardrop Crystal)Created bySquare Enix Anime television seriesDirected byMasato JinboWritten byMasato JinboMusic byYoko ShimomuraStudioYokohama Animation LaboratoryGraphinicaLicensed byCrunchyroll SEA: Muse CommunicationOriginal networkMBS, TBSOriginal run October 8, 2022 – December 24, 2022Episodes12 (List of episodes) Legend of Ma...

 

 

Египтопитек

† Египтопитек Реконструкция внешнего вида египтопитека Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:Четвероно...

 

 

Black Holes and Revelations Tour

Black Holes and Revelations TourTur Promosi oleh MuseBlack Holes & RevelationsMulai13 Mei 2006Berakhir17 Agustus 2008Putaran14Penampilan195Kronologi konser Muse US Campus Invasion Tour 2005(2005) Tur Black Holes and Revelations(2006–2008) A Seaside Rendezvous(2009) Black Holes & Revelations Tour di seluruh dunia adalah tur konser oleh band asal Inggris beraliran rock alternatif, Muse untuk mendukung album studio keempat mereka Black Holes & Revelations.[1] Tur lebih dari...

B. Reeves Eason

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un acteur américain, un réalisateur américain, un scénariste et un producteur de cinéma. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les conventions filmographiques. B. Reeves Eason B. Reeves Eason (en chapeau, à gauche) montrant un morceau de film de Two Kinds of Love (en) à Lucien Hubbard (au centre) et Douglas Z. Doty (lunettes, à droite) - Photo publiée dans l’Exhibitors Herald en janvier 1921. D...

 

 

ソー (オー＝ド＝セーヌ県)

Sceaux 行政国 フランス地域圏 (Région) イル＝ド＝フランス地域圏県 (département) オー＝ド＝セーヌ県郡 (arrondissement) アントニー郡小郡 (canton) 小郡庁所在地INSEEコード 92071郵便番号 92330市長（任期） フィリップ・ローラン（2008年-2014年）自治体間連合 (fr) メトロポール・デュ・グラン・パリ人口動態人口 19,679人（2007年）人口密度 5466人/km2住民の呼称 Scéens地理座標 北緯48度4...

 

 

Повітряні сили Збройних сил України

Ця стаття потребує додаткових посилань на джерела для поліпшення її перевірності. Будь ласка, допоможіть удосконалити цю статтю, додавши посилання на надійні (авторитетні) джерела. Зверніться на сторінку обговорення за поясненнями та допоможіть виправити недоліки. Мат...

Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom

Movement to gain women the right to vote Part of a series onFeminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim countries US Other women's rights Women's suffrage by country Austria Australia Canada Colombia India Japan Kuwait Liechtenstein New Zealand Spain Second Republic Francoist Switzerland United Kingdom Cayman Islands Wales United States states Intersectional variants Fa...

 

 

Kim Young-min (pemeran)

Dalam nama Korean ini, nama keluarganya adalah Kim. Kim Young-minLahir05 November 1971 (umur 52)Korea SelatanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif2001–sekarangAgenManagement PlayNama KoreaHangul김영민 Hanja金榮敏 Alih AksaraGim YeongminMcCune–ReischauerKim Yŏngmin Kim Young-min (Hangul: 김영민; lahir 5 November 1971), adalah pemeran Korea Selatan. Ia paling dikenal untuk perannya dalam seri televisi My Mister (2018), Crash Landing on You (2019), The World of the Married...

 

 

The Age of Reason

Work by Thomas Paine, published 1794, 1795 and 1807 For other uses, see Age of reason (disambiguation). The Age of Reason Title page from the first English edition of Part IAuthorThomas PainePublication date 1794 (Part I) 1795 (Part II) 1807 (Part III) Media typePrintTextThe Age of Reason at Wikisource Several early copies of The Age of Reason The Age of Reason; Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology is a work by English and American political activist Thomas Paine, arguing...

Édouard Glissant

Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti poeti francesi e scrittori francesi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Édouard Glissant Édouard Glissant (Sainte-Marie, 21 settembre 1928 – Parigi, 3 febbraio 2011) è stato uno scrittore, poeta e saggista francese. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Il pensiero 3 ...

 

 

Bandar Udara Internasional General Juan N. Álvarez

General Juan N. Álvarez International AirportAeropuerto Internacional General Juan N. ÁlvarezIATA: ACAICAO: MMAA ACALocation of airport in MexicoInformasiJenisPublicPengelolaGrupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte (OMA)MelayaniAcapulcoLokasiAcapulco, Guerrero, MexicoKetinggian dpl4 mdplKoordinat16°45′21.7″N 099°45′05.8″W / 16.756028°N 99.751611°W / 16.756028; -99.751611Landasan pacu Arah Panjang Permukaan m kaki 06/24 1,700 5,579 Beton 10/28 3,302 10,8...

 

 

Thomas Helmer

German footballer Thomas Helmer Helmer in 2010Personal informationDate of birth (1965-04-21) 21 April 1965 (age 59)Place of birth Herford, West GermanyHeight 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)Position(s) Centre-back, sweeperYouth career0000–1984 SC Bad SalzuflenSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1984–1986 Arminia Bielefeld 39 (5)1986–1992 Borussia Dortmund 190 (16)1992–1999 Bayern Munich 191 (24)1999–2000 Sunderland 2 (0)1999 → Hertha BSC (loan) 5 (1)Total 427 (46)Internationa...

Gorlago

Gorlagocomune Gorlago – VedutaLa parrocchiale di San Pancrazio LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia Provincia Bergamo AmministrazioneSindacoMaria Elena Grena (Lega - Uniti per Gorlago) dal 27-5-2019 TerritorioCoordinate45°40′N 9°49′E45°40′N, 9°49′E (Gorlago) Altitudine233 m s.l.m. Superficie5,7 km² Abitanti5 164[1] (31-12-2022) Densità905,96 ab./km² FrazioniCastello, Montecchi, Bettole, Busneto, Borghetti, Crocion...

 

 

汪锋

  提示：此条目页的主题不是汪峰。 汪锋（1910年—1998年），原名王钧治，男，汉族，陕西蓝田人。中华人民共和国政治人物。 生平 汪锋早年弃笔从戎，担任蓝田县学联主席、中国工农红军红二十六军代政委等。1935年，代表中共中央赴西安同西北军杨虎城谈判，并达成协议。1936年，担任中共中央西北军特派员、中共陕西省委军事部部长、关中地委书记兼警备区副司�...