In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include alpha-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, 3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate transacylase, glycerophosphate acyltransferase, glycerophosphate transacylase, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The later pathways in human is part of the WikiPathways^[1] machine readable pathway collection.

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1IUQ and 1K30. Currently 4 different proteins are assigned to this reaction, GPAT1, GPAT2, GPAT3 and GPAT4. GPAT1 and 2 are considered mitochondrial proteins.^[2][3]

• Bertrams M; Heinz E (1981). "Positional Specificity and Fatty Acid Selectivity of Purified sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferases from Chloroplasts". Plant Physiol. 68 (3): 653–657. doi:10.1104/pp.68.3.653. PMC 425956. PMID 16661974.
• Frentzen M, Heinz E, McKeon TA, Stumpf PK (1983). "Specificities and selectivities of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea and spinach chloroplasts". Eur. J. Biochem. 129 (3): 629–36. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07096.x. PMID 6825679.
• Green PR, Vanaman TC, Modrich P, Bell RM (1983). "Partial NH2- and COOH-terminal sequence and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis of Escherichia coli sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (18): 10862–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44355-9. PMID 6350296.
• Yamashita S, Numa S (1972). "Partial purification and properties of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. Formation of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and palmityl coenzyme A". Eur. J. Biochem. 31 (3): 565–73. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02566.x. PMID 4650158.