Glogonj (Serbian Cyrillic: Глогоњ, listenⓘ) is a village in Serbia, situated in the South Banat District of the province of Vojvodina. It is located on the banks of the Tamiš River, about 20 kilometers northwest of Pančevo, and about 20 kilometers direct north of Belgrade. It has a Serb ethnic majority, numbering 2,657 people as of 2022. Its neighboring villages are Sefkerin to the north and Jabuka to the south. All of them lie on the Tamiš.
Name
The name 'Glogonj' refers to the shrubs of the Hawthorn tree, (Crataegus) that was prevalent in the settlement during ancient times.[2]
The name was first mentioned as a settlement in 1586.[3]
History
Early history
Throughout its history, Glogonj was colonized during several different periods.[3] The first of these occurred during Austro-Hungarian rule with the arrival of German inhabitants.[4] In 1718 the Habsburg monarchy had captured much of the Banat Region from the Ottomans and by the 1760s, they were fortifying the border regions of the Banat with German-speaking colonists from all over Central Europe to settle and farm the land, (Danube Swabians). The Danube River became the natural border between the Austrian Empire and Turkish-occupied Serbia. It is said that Emperor Joseph II of Austria visited the village of Glogon on May 9th, 1768 during a tour of the Banat Region.[5] A Catholic church (St. Anna) was first built in Glogon during the 1770s.[6]
During the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) Glogon was burnt by Turkish forces and in 1790 it was raveged by cholera.[7]
19th and early 20th Century
Romanian settlers arrived in the early 19th century. In 1806 an Orthodox Church was built. In 1812, a nursery of fruit trees was established in Glogon.[8]
The population of Glogon for most of the 19th century was about a couple thousand people and most of the people spoke German. There was also a Romanian minority living there. After the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867, Glogon and the neighboring villages fell under Hungarian jurisdiction. The Hungarian name of the village was 'Galagonyás'.[9]
By the late 1890s and early 1900s, many young men and their families from Glogon, and the neighboring villages, left their homes to migrate to the United States and Canada to start a new life.[10]
In 1935, the village founded an amateur Football/Soccer Team, FK Glogonj.[13]
Second World War
In April 1941, Nazi Germany Invaded Yugoslavia. The Panzer-Grenadier-Division 'Grossdeutschland' occupied Glogon and other surrounding villages as they captured Belgrade. The German Wehrmacht then placed the Serbian section of Yugolslavia under a military government. Ethnic German men in the Banat region were recruited to join the Wehrmacht or the newly-formed Waffen-SS unit Prinz Eugen.[14]
By mid-October 1944, the Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav Partisans captured Glogon and the surrounding villages during the 'Belgrade Offensive'. Some of the ethnic Germans in Glogon were shot and some of the women were raped and found dead. The new communist Yugoslav regime began reprisals and deprived all ethnic Germans of their citizenship and civil rights. On October 30, 1944, special detachments of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Committee shot 128 residents from Glogon on site. The surviving ethnic Germans were taken to labor camps in nearby areas, (such as Rudolfsgnad) where most would die of disease, starvation and the cold. The empty villages were fenced off, houses boarded up and remained abandoned for the rest of the war.[15][16]
Yugoslav Era
After the war, the village was repopulated with Serbs and groups from undeveloped mountainous regions from the south. The new inhabitants moved into the old "Swabian houses" and were given possession of several square meters of land for farming.[4] During the Yugoslav era, some brief scenes in Yugoslav films were shot near the village, such as 'Aleksa Dundic' (1958) and 'The Mogols' (1961).[4][17] At the Tamis River just outside Glogonj a scene from the movie 'Ko to tamo peva' (Who's Singin' Over There?) (1980) was shot there. The area is now a picnic place with a poster of the movie.[18]
Post-Yugoslav Era
After the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, and the break-up of Yugoslavia in 1991, Glogonj was unaffected during the Yugoslav Wars. After the wars, ethnic German historians began to visit the Banat areas of their Danube-Swabian ancestors, such as in Glogonj. In the early 2000s a project was underway to renovate and repair the old German Roman Catholic cemetery outside of Glogonj. In June 2009, historian Anton Nahm, whose ancestors lived in Glogon, along with other political and church leaders, officially rededicated the cemetery and its new chapel.[19][20]
In 2012 a new Orthodox Church (St. Peter and Paul) was built in Glogonj.[21]
Historical Population
Austrian-Hungarian census of 1881 was only based on native language of 2468 total inhabitants, 11 spoke Hungarian, 1480 German, 8 Slovakian, 630 Romanian, 220 Croatian-Serbian, and 124 did not indicate any language priority according to own census statement: beszélni nem tudó.[22]
Goran Ilić (1887–1944), School caretaker at grammar school of Jabuka. Victim of Nazi autrocities. Buried in local cemetery.
Franz Lischitz, born in Glogon. Forced to serve in the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division 'Prinz Eugen'. Lischitz refused to participate in a reprisal killing near Sarajevo. He was shot on 10 October 1943.
Rudolf Büchler (1890–1966), Austrian teacher and Politician, (born in Glogon)
Literature
Franz Lang: Mit uns in Glogonj 1767–1945. Self-Published book (German), Karlsruhe 1990.
^"Насеља општине Панчево"(PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of Serbia. Archived from the original(PDF) on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
^ abVujović, Sreten (2008). Društvo rizika: promene, nejednakosti i socijalni problemi u današnjoj Srbiji. University of Belgrade, Institute for Sociological Research. p. 356. ISBN978-8-68656-356-9. Glogonj Glogonj je kao naselje prvi put pomenut 1586. godine i zanimljiv je pošto je » doživeo « nekoliko masovnih kolonizacija. Godine 1765. u naselje su došli Nemci, a nakon toga i Rumuni ..
^Hochedlinger, Michael (2013). Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797. London & New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317887935.
^Erik Roth: Die planmäßig angelegten Siedlungen im Deutsch-Banater Militärgrenzbezirk 1765-1821. Oldenbourg, München 1988, ISBN 3-486-54741-0, S. 48–50, 138–140 u. 145–163.
^Verordnungsblatt für das Kaiserlich-Königliche Heer: Band 14. Bavarian State Library. 1873. p. 285.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Felix Milleker: Geschichte der Stadt Pančevo. Wittigschlager, Pančevo 1925, p. 229.
^Kathy Lara. Glogon - a history of the community from its ancient past up to the 1920s. Based on an original German publication for the town. Translated by David Trollmann.https://www.zichydorfonline.org/history-of-glogon/
^Valdis O. Lumans, Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National minorities of Europe, 1939–1945 (University of North Carolina Press, 1993), page.235.
^Franz Lang: Mit uns in Glogonj 1767–1945. Selbstverlag, Karlsruhe 1990, S. 12–13, 109–112.
^Völkermord der Tito-Partisanen 1944–1948, Österreichische Historiker-Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kärnten und Steiermark, Graz, 1990, ISBN3-925921-08-7, p. 169.
