GhanaSat-1 was the first Ghanaiannanosatellite to be launched into space.[4] It was designed and built in two years in conjunction with the Kyushu Institute of TechnologyBirds-1 program, which has the goal of helping countries build their first satellite.
GhanaSat-1 was assembled and tested by three students namely Benjamin Bonsu, Ernest Matey and Joseph Quansah at All Nations University.[6] The five 1U CubeSats, four built by the guest countries and one by Kyushu Institute of Technology (Japan), were all identical in their design.[7] The two-year period spanning the development, construction, launch and operation of the satellites engaged three university students from each of the five participating countries.[8] The satellite cost about US$500,000 to manufacture and launch.[9]
GhanaSat-1 was a nanosatellite, weighing around 1 kilogram (2.2 lb).[6] Power was generated from solar cells and stored in batteries.[5] The satellite was cube-shaped and measured 10 centimetres (3.9 in) on each side.[10] The satellite carried low- and high-resolution cameras that took pictures of Ghana and monitored the country's coastline. The satellite had the ability to receive requested songs from the ground and transmit them from space;[6] the national anthem of Ghana was one of the songs broadcast in orbit. Finally, the satellite measured the effects of radiation in space on commercial microprocessors.[6]
GhanaSat-1 was released by a Japanese astronaut from the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer, located in the Japanese Kibō module of the International Space Station, on 7 July 2017.[11] The satellite launch was broadcast live and watched by over 400 people at All Nations University.[4] The satellite orbited the Earth at an altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) and at an inclination of 51.64°, completing an orbit around the planet every 92.57 minutes at a velocity of 7.67 kilometres per second (4.77 mi/s).[12][9]
Operations
The satellite was primarily a technology demonstrator and Earth observation satellite. The Ghana scientists took images of the Ghanaian coastline for cartography. The acting director of Space Systems Technology Laboratory at All Nations University, Richard Damoah, said the satellite would "...also help us train the upcoming generation on how to apply satellites in different activities around our region. For instance, monitoringillegal mining is one of the things we are looking to accomplish".[4] The satellite communicated with seven ground stations: one in each of the countries participating in the Birds-1 program, and one each in Thailand and Taiwan.[5] The satellite was the last of the Birds-1 group to deorbit, ending its mission 22 May 2019.[13]
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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