Gerbera jamesonii is a species of flowering plant in the genusGerbera belonging to the basal Mutisieaetribe within the large Asteraceae (or Compositae) family.[1] It is indigenous to South Eastern Africa and commonly known as the Barberton daisy,[2] the Transvaal daisy, and as Barbertonse madeliefie or Rooigousblom in Afrikaans. It was the first species of Gerbera to be the subject of a scientific description, studied by J. D. Hooker in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1889.
Etymology
The genus was named in honour of German botanist and medical doctor Traugott Gerber (1710 — 1743).[3]
The Gerbera jamesonii was named in honour of Robert Jameson, who collected the plant near Barberton. The species epithet was proposed by the prominent South African botanist Harry Bolus, but first published by Richard Wills Adlam in 1888, so should be ascribed to him.
Description
Gerbera jamesonii, white formGerbera jamesonii, yellow form
Gerbera jamesonii is a tufted perennial herb with the naked flowering scapes up to 75 cm high. Petiolate, deeply undulating or lobed leaves are 15–42 (up to 68) cm long and 4–14 cm wide, gathered in rosette. The plant produces spectacular flowers (capitula) of 4–5 cm in diameter with normally orange-red (rarely yellow, orange, white, pink) ray florets. It flowers from September to December, reproduces asexually. The seeds have a pappus of bristles.[4]
The species grows from 500 to 1670 m above sea level on rocky slopes in woodland, usually in some shade or under bushes and trees.[6] The flowers are pollinated by bees and other insects. The seeds are light and easily dispersed by wind.[7]
Uses
The species is the ancestor of all cultivated forms of Gerbera, or they originate from the cross Gerbera jamesonii and Gerbera viridifolia, originally made by R. I. Lynch in Cambridge, England about 1890.[8] He named the hybrid as Gerbera × cantebrigiensis, known today as Gerbera × hybrida. Nowadays thousands of cultivars exist and they are the important article of trade belonging to the most important ornamental crops in the world together with rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, lily and tulip. The popular cultivars include "Sazou", "Sangria", "Rosalin", "Pink Elegance", "Tropic Blend", "Piton", "Winter Queen", "Savannah", "Primrose" and many others. They are propagated by tissue culture and by seeds.
^Manning, John (March 29, 2019). Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Cape Town: Struik Nature. p. 406. ISBN9781770077584.
^Krober, H.; Plate, H. (1975). "Pythium species as well as Rhizoctonia solani as pathogens of Gerbera". Biology: 150–152. S2CID82432367.
^van Kan, J. A. L.; van 't Klooster, J. W.; Wagemakers, C. A. M.; Dees, D. C. T.; van der Vlugt-Bergmans, C. J. B. (January 1997). "Cutinase A of Botrytis cinerea is Expressed, but not Essential, During Penetration of Gerbera and Tomato". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 10 (1): 30–38. doi:10.1094/MPMI.1997.10.1.30. PMID9002270.
^Krips, O. E.; Willems, P. E. L.; Gols, R.; Posthumus, M. A.; Dicke, M. (1999). "The Response of Phytoseiulus persimilis to Spider Mite-Induced Volatiles from Gerbera: Influence of Starvation and Experience". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 25 (12): 2623–2641. doi:10.1023/A:1020887104771. S2CID34957958.
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