George Rex Flag

Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag The accepted version of the George Rex Flag as described by several sources

The George Rex Flag was a protest flag used in the Province of New York at the start of the American Revolutionary War. The flag was adopted following the passage of the Quebec Act in 1774 whereby French Canadian Roman Catholics were granted emancipation and Roman Catholicism was adopted as the state church of the Province of Quebec. Though it is not known exactly what the design of the flag was, the commonly accepted version consisted of either an altered Red Ensign or Blue Ensign with the words "George III Rex (Latin: King) and the Liberties of America. No Popery".[1][2][3]

Background

The Province of New York had the Church of England as the established church in the colony.[4] Following the passage of the Quebec Act granting Catholic emancipation and freedom of religion to Catholics in Quebec at the start of the American Revolutionary War, New Yorkers were angry about it, as they feared it would spread Catholicism around British North America, particularly in the Anglican colonies.[5] American Patriot organisations, as a result, designed the George Rex Flag as a symbol of protest against the act and Catholicism.[2][5] They raised it on a liberty pole in the centre of New York at a meeting outside the New York Royal Exchange before spreading it throughout the colony.[6] A number of British Army officers and customs officers happened upon the meeting, but it continued peacefully after the meaning of the meeting and the George Rex Flag was explained to them.[7] The flag was also flown from the Liberty Tree on Boston Common.[8]

The flag's design came from the New York colonists stating loyalty to King George III, who, as Supreme Governor of the Church of England, had expressed concern about Catholic Emancipation as a violation of his coronation oath.[9] New York patriots viewed the monarchy as a symbol of unification initially until the Battle of Lexington, when people such as Isaac Low made claims that the King had violated his oath by allowing Catholicism in Quebec to try breaking the New York citizenry's loyalty to the crown.[2] Despite this, the flag was then adopted as the unofficial flag of the Province of New York during the war on those grounds. This continued until 1777 when George Washington and the Continental Congress adopted the Grand Union Flag to use as a unified flag for all of the states involved.[1][10]

  • Blue version
    Blue version
  • Reverse
    Reverse
  • Red version
    Red version
  • Reverse
    Reverse

References

  1. ^ a b "American Revolutionary War Flags". Loeser.us. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  2. ^ a b c Duncan, Jason (2005). Citizens Or Papists?: The Politics of Anti-Catholicism in New York, 1685–1821. Fordham University Press. p. 35. ISBN 0823225127.
  3. ^ Griffin, Martin (1907). The American Catholic Historical Researches. Vol. 24. M.I.J. Griffin. p. 151.
  4. ^ "New York to Pennsylvania 1664–1744". San.beck.org. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  5. ^ a b Metzger, Charles (1961). Catholics and the American Revolution: A Study in Religious Climate. Loyola University Press. p. 31. ISBN 9781258177744.
  6. ^ Hamilton, Schuyler (1853). History of the national flag of the United States of America. Lippincott, Grambo, and Co. p. 52.
  7. ^ Moore, Frank (1860). Diary of the American Revolution: From Newspapers and Original Documents, Volume 1. C. Scribner. pp. 35–36.
  8. ^ Allen, Frederick (1873). "Harper's Magazine". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. 43. Harper's Magazine Company: 179. ISSN 0017-789X.
  9. ^ Stanley, Ayling (1972). George the Third. London: Collins. p. 411. ISBN 0-00-211412-7.
  10. ^ "The Pine Tree Flag Falls to the Stars and Stripes". New England Historical Society. Retrieved 2016-08-08.

Read other articles:

Djafar Siregar Diapari

Djafar Siregar Diapari Djafar Siregar Diapari adalah seorang politikus Indonesia kelahiran Bungabondar, Tapanuli pada tanggal 10 Oktober 1910. Ia adalah lulusan NIAS Surabaya tahun 1939. Ia adalah anggota partai Syarikat Kerakyatan Indonesia (SKI). Ia turut bekerja sebagai dokter Pemerintah. Setelah proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, ia diangkat sebagai Sekretaris Jenderal Palang Merah Indonesia di Jogjakarta pada tahun 1948. Pada masa pemerintah Republik Indonesia di Jogjakarta, ia ditunjuk u...

 

 

Grasbrunn

Grasbrunn. Grasbrunn adalah kota yang terletak di distrik München di Bayern, Jerman. Kota Grasbrunn memiliki luas sebesar 23.59 km². Grasbrunn pada tahun 2006, memiliki penduduk sebanyak 6.061 jiwa. lbsKota dan kotamadya di distrik München Aschheim Aying Baierbrunn Brunnthal Feldkirchen Garching bei München Gräfelfing Grasbrunn Grünwald Haar Hohenbrunn Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Ismaning Kirchheim bei München Neubiberg Neuried Oberhaching Oberschleißheim Ottobrunn Planegg Pullac...

 

 

Psittacosaurus

Psittacosaurus Periode Kapur Awal, 126–101 jtyl PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N P. meileyingensis, Museum Anak-Anak IndianapolisTaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasReptiliaOrdoOrnithischiaFamiliPsittacosauridaeGenusPsittacosaurus Osborn, 1923 Tata namaSinonim takson Protiguanodon Osborn, 1923 Hongshanosaurus You, Xu, & Wang, 2003 Other species List of other species †P. sinensisYoung, 1958 †P. meileyingensisSereno et al., 1988 †P. xinjiangensisSereno & Zhao, 1988 †...

2004 Infiniti Pro Series

2004 Infiniti Pro Series seasonInfiniti Pro SeriesSeasonRaces12Start dateFebruary 29End dateOctober 16AwardsDrivers' champion Thiago MedeirosTeams' champion Sam Schmidt MotorsportsRookie of the Year P. J. Chesson← 20032005 → The 2004 Menards IRL Infiniti Pro Series season was the third season of the series under the Indy Racing League ownership, and the 19th in Indy NXT combined history, as officially recognized by IndyCar. All teams used Dallara IL-02 chassis and Infini...

 

 

Shariati Metro Station

Station of the Tehran Metro Doctor Shariatiایستگاه مترو دکتر شریعتیTehran Metro StationGeneral informationLocation Shariati StreetDistrict 3, Tehran, Tehran CountyIranCoordinates35°45′46″N 51°26′40″E / 35.76278°N 51.44444°E / 35.76278; 51.44444Operated byTehran Urban and Suburban Railways Organization (Metro)Connections Tehran Buses 303 Pich-e Shemiran-Qods Sq. HistoryOpened1388 H-Sh (2009)Services Preceding station Tehran Metro Followi...

 

 

Dabie Mountains

Mountain range in China For the larger mountains to the west, see Daba Mountains. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dabie Mountains – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Dabie MountainsTiantangzhai in the Dabie MountainsHighest...

Promozione Toscana 1955-1956

Voce principale: Promozione 1955-1956. La Promozione fu il massimo campionato regionale di calcio disputato in Toscana nella stagione 1955-1956. A ciascun girone, che garantiva al suo vincitore la promozione in IV Serie a condizione di soddisfare le condizioni economiche richieste dai regolamenti, partecipavano sedici squadre, ed era prevista la retrocessione delle quattro peggio piazzate, anche se erano possibili aggiustamenti automatici per ripartire fra le appropriate sedi locali le squad...

 

 

Pluviatilol

Pluviatilol Names IUPAC name (7α,7′β,8β,8′β)-3-Methoxy-3′,4′-[methylenebis(oxy)]-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxylignan-4-ol Systematic IUPAC name 4-[(1R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenol Identifiers CAS Number 28115-67-5 N 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEMBL ChEMBL2011539 ChemSpider 28531462 PubChem CID 70695727 InChI InChI=1S/C20H20O6/c1-22-17-6-11(2-4-15(17)21)19-13-8-24-20(14(13)9-23-19)12-3-5-16-18(7-12)26-10-25-16...

 

 

Donkey

Domesticated animal used for transportation For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). Donkey In Clovelly, North Devon Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Perissodactyla Family: Equidae Genus: Equus Species: E. africanus Subspecies: E. a. asinus Trinomial name Equus africanus asinusLinnaeus, 1758 The donkey is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus african...

مجلس مندوبين فرجينيا الغربية

مجلس مندوبين فرجينيا الغربية البلد الولايات المتحدة  جزء من كونغرس فيرجينيا الغربية  الأعضاء 100   الموقع الإلكتروني الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   مجلس مندوبين فرجينيا الغربية (بالإنجليزية: West Virginia House of Delegates)‏ هو مجلس النواب التشريعي لولاية فرجينيا الغر...

 

 

Mike Rotunda

American professional wrestler (born 1958) Mike RotundaRotunda, c. 1983Birth nameLawrence Michael Rotunda[1]Born (1958-03-30) March 30, 1958 (age 66)[1][2]St. Petersburg, Florida, U.S.[3]Alma materSyracuse University[1][4]Spouse(s)Stephanie WindhamChildren3, including Bray Wyatt and Bo DallasFamilyBlackjack Mulligan(father-in-law)Barry Windham(brother-in-law)Kendall Windham(brother-in-law)Professional wrestling careerRing name(s)Irwin R. Sc...

 

 

Moat

Defensive ditch surrounding a fortification or town For other uses, see Moat (disambiguation). The moat surrounding Matsumoto Castle A moat is a deep, broad ditch dug around a castle, fortification, building, or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. Moats can be dry or filled with water. In some places, moats evolved into more extensive water defences, including natural or artificial lakes, dams and sluices. In older fortifications, such as hillforts, they are u...

صندوق التنمية الصناعية السعودي

صندوق التنمية الصناعية السعوديصندوق التنمية الصناعية السعوديمعلومات عامةالبلد  السعودية التأسيس 1394هـ 1974مالنوع صندوق حكومي سعوديالمقر الرئيسي الرياض السعوديةموقع الويب sidf.gov.sa المنظومة الاقتصاديةالصناعة التمويل الصناعي و تمويل المنشآت الصغيرة والمتوسطةالمنتجات خد�...

 

 

Uí Liatháin

Uí Liatháin4th century–c. 1220Capitalincluded CastlelyonsCommon languagesIrishReligion Celtic polytheism, Celtic Christianity (coexistent)GovernmentMonarchy• fl. c. 340 AD Eochu Liathán• 13th century independent princes Historical erafl. Late Antiquity• Established 4th century• Disestablished c. 1220 ISO 3166 codeIE Map of medieval Ireland, with the Uí Liatháin visible in the south. The Uí Liatháin (Irish pronunciation: [iː ˈlʲiəhaːnʲ])...

 

 

Province of Lower Silesia

Province of Prussia This article is about the historical Prussian province. For the present-day province of Poland, see Lower Silesian Voivodeship. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Province of Lower Silesia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2008) (Learn how and when to rem...

1977 Dutch school hostage crisis

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1977 Dutch school hostage crisis – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1977 Dutch school hostage crisisThe school after the military interventionLocation Bovensmilde, NetherlandsCoordinates52°58�...

 

 

Union mathématique italienne

Union mathématique italienneHistoireFondation 1922CadreSigle UMIType Société mathématique, maison d'édition, archivesDomaine d'activité MathématiquesPays  ItalieOrganisationFondateurs Salvatore Pincherle, Luigi BianchiPrésident Piermarco Cannarsa (depuis 2018)Affiliation Société mathématique européenneSite web (it) umi.dm.unibo.itmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata L'Union mathématique italienne (italien : Unione Matematica Italiana) est une sociét...

 

 

Pliny the Elder

1st-century Roman military commander and writer Pliny the ElderGaius Plinius Secundus19th-century illustration of PlinyBornAD 23/24Novum Comum, Italia, Roman EmpireDiedAD 79 (aged 55)Stabiae, Italia, Roman EmpireCitizenshipRomanEducationRhetoric, grammarOccupation(s)Lawyer, author, natural philosopher, historian, naturalist, military commander, provincial governorNotable workNaturalis HistoriaChildrenPliny the Younger (nephew, later adopted son)Parent(s)Gaius Plinius Celer and Marcella Gaius ...

Donald III

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Donald. Donald III Portrait imaginaire de Donald III. Titre Roi d'Écosse novembre 1093 – mai 1094(6 mois) Prédécesseur Malcolm III Successeur Duncan II 12 novembre 1094 – 1097 Prédécesseur Duncan II Successeur Edgar Biographie Date de naissance vers 1039 Date de décès vers 1099 Père Duncan Ier Mère Suthen Fratrie Malcolm III, Máel Muire (?) Enfants Berthoc modifier  Donald III (en langue gaéliq...

 

 

Arnold Lakhovsky

Russian painter This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Arnold Lakhovsky – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Arnold Lakhovsky, 1909 Self-portrait of Lakhovsky Arnold Borisovich Lakhovsky (Ukrainian: Арнольд Борисови�...