From 1870 to 1873 he studied at the University of Leipzig, where his influences included Friedrich Ritschl. In 1873 he received his doctorate with the dissertation De temporibus Ecclesiazuson Aristophanis, and following graduation, worked as a tutor in St. Petersburg. In 1877 he obtained his habilitation for classical philology at Leipzig, and two years later, became an associate professor at the University of Jena. From 1880 to 1924 he was a full professor of classical philology at Jena, serving as university rector on three separate occasions (1890/91, 1902 and 1910/11).[1]
Dittographien im Plautustexte nebst methodischen Folgerungen. Eine kritische Untersuchung. In: Acta societatis philologae Lipsiensis. Band 6 (1877), S. 233–328 – Dittography in Plautine text together with methodological implications. A critical examination.