GeoNames (or GeoNames.org) is a user-editable geographical database available and accessible through various web services, under a Creative Commons attribution license. The project was founded in late 2005.[1]
The GeoNames dataset differs from, but includes data from,[2] the US Government's similarly named GEOnet Names Server.
The GeoNames database contains over 25,000,000 geographical names corresponding to over 11,800,000 unique features.[3] All features are categorized into one of nine feature classes and further subcategorized into one of 645 feature codes. Beyond names of places in various languages, data stored include latitude, longitude, elevation, population, administrative subdivision and postal codes. All coordinates use the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
Those data are accessible free of charge through a number of Web services and a daily database export.[4]
The core of GeoNames database is provided by official public sources, the quality of which may vary. Through a wiki interface, users are invited to manually edit and improve the database by adding or correcting names, move existing features, add new features, etc.[5]
Each GeoNames feature is represented as a web resource identified by a stable URI. This URI provides access, through content negotiation, either to the HTML wiki page, or to a RDF description of the feature, using elements of the GeoNames ontology.[6] This ontology describes the GeoNames features properties using the Web Ontology Language, the feature classes and codes being described in the SKOS language. Through Wikipedia articles URL linked in the RDF descriptions, GeoNames data are linked to DBpedia data and other RDF Linked Data.
As in other crowdsourcing schemes, GeoNames edit interface allows everyone to sign in and edit the database, hence false information can be entered and such information can remain undetected especially for places that are not accessed frequently. Ahlers (2013) studies these inaccuracies and classifies them into loss in the granularity of coordinates (e.g., due to truncation and low-resolution geocoding in some cases), wrong feature codes, near-identical places, and the placement of places outside their designated countries. Manually correcting these inaccuracies is both tedious and error-prone (due to the database size) and may require experts.
The literature provides very few works on automatically resolving them. Singh & Rafiei (2018) study the problem of automatically detecting the scope of locations in a geographical database and its applications in identifying inconsistencies and improving the quality of the database. Computing the boundary information can help detect inconsistencies such as near-identical places and the placement of locations such as cities under wrong parents such as provinces or countries. Singh and Rafiei show that the boundary information derived in their work can move more than 20% of locations in GeoNames to better positions in the spatial hierarchy and the accuracy of those moves is over 90%.
Mana Iwabuchi Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Mana IwabuchiTanggal lahir 18 Maret 1993 (umur 30)Tempat lahir Tokyo, JepangPosisi bermain PenyerangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2007–2012 Nippon TV Beleza 64 (30)2012–2014 Hoffenheim 30 (10)2014–2017 Bayern Munich 24 (5)2017– INAC Kobe Leonessa 5 (0)Tim nasional2010– Jepang 43 (11) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik Mana Iwabuchi (岩渕 真奈, lahir 18 Maret 1993) adalah seorang pemain sepak b…
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Persian ArtistThis article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mir Sayyid Ali – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Self-portrait by Mir Sayyid Ali, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1550 Mir Sayyid Ali (Tabriz, 1510 – 1572) was a Persian …
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سامي سيف معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1972 (العمر 51 سنة)الدنمارك مواطنة مملكة الدنمارك الحياة العملية المهنة مخرج أفلام، وكاتب سيناريو المواقع IMDB صفحته على IMDB تعديل مصدري - تعديل هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في
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Erich von FalkenhaynMenteri Perang PrusiaMasa jabatan7 Juni 1913 – 21 Januari 1915Penguasa monarkiWilhelm IIPerdana MenteriTheobald von Bethmann-HollwegPendahuluJosias von HeeringenPenggantiAdolf Wild von HohenbornKetua Staf Umum Besar JermanMasa jabatan14 September 1914 – 29 Agustus 1916Penguasa monarkiWilhelm IIKanselirTheobald von Bethmann-HollwegPendahuluHelmuth von Moltke the YoungerPenggantiPaul von Hindenburg Informasi pribadiLahir11 September 1861Burg Belchau, Keraj…
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Shopping mall in Kentwood, Michigan, USA Woodland MallWoodland MallLocationKentwood, Michigan, United StatesCoordinates42°54′59″N 85°35′16″W / 42.91629°N 85.5879°W / 42.91629; -85.5879Opening dateMarch 1968; 55 years ago (1968-03)DeveloperTaubman CentersManagementPennsylvania Real Estate Investment TrustOwnerPennsylvania Real Estate Investment TrustNo. of stores and services100+No. of anchor tenants3Total retail floor area1,158,942 …
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