The station was opened on 15 December 1900 as Agongdian Station (阿公店停車場), and was renamed as Okayama Station (岡山駅) in 1920. In November 1923, a second, wooden station building was opened to replace the original 1900 station. The current station building was opened on 29 October 1993, and the 1923 wooden station building burned down on 3 November 1995. Contactless smartcard fare gates were installed at this station on 30 September 2013.
The Kaohsiung MetroRed line extension which directly link to train station has been operated in 30 June 2024.[3]