Gadsup language

"Akuna" redirects here. For the video game character Bode Akuna, see Star Wars Jedi: Survivor.
Gadsup
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionEastern Highlands Province
EthnicityGadsup
Native speakers
(25,000 cited 1996 – 2000 census)[1]
Dialects
  • Oyana, Akuna, Ontenu[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3gaj – inclusive code
Individual code:
ont – Ontenu village
Glottologgads1258

Gadsup is a Kainantu language spoken by the people of the same name in Papua New Guinea.

Phonology

Consonants

Ontena Gadsup's consonants[3][4]
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Group 1 ɸ, β s, ɾ x
Group 2 m n j ʔ
  • /ɸ, β, s, ɾ, x/ become plosives [p, b, t, d, k] when preceded by /N, ʔ/, but initially and medially they are [/ɸ, β, s, ɾ, x, ɾ].[3]
Akuna Gadsup's consonants[3]
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Group 1 p t, d k
Group 2 m, β n j ʔ

The phonology of Akuna Gadsup is similar to Ontena Gadsup, except voiceless plosives don't lenite initially, but they do medially.[3]

Vowels

[4] Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e ɐ o
Low a

/ɐ/ can also be heard as [ʌ̈].[5]

References

  1. ^ Gadsup at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
    Ontenu village at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  3. ^ a b c d Ulfsbjorninn, Shanti; Lahrouchi, Mohamed (2016). "The typology of the distribution of Edge: The propensity for bipositionality". Papers in Historical Phonology. 1: 109. doi:10.2218/pihph.1.2016.1696.
  4. ^ a b "Organised Phonology Data: Gadsup (Ontena dialect) Language [GAJ], Eastern Highlands Province" (PDF). www.sil.org. 2004-08-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-08.
  5. ^ Frantz, Chester I.; Frantz, Marjorie E. (1971) [1966]. "Gadsup phoneme and toneme units". Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 5. Canberra: Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-A7.1. ISBN 0-85883-012-4.