GPR50
Protein-coding gene in humans
G protein-coupled receptor 50 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GPR50 gene .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
Function
GPR50 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins and is most closely related to the melatonin receptor .[ 6] MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor subtypes. While GPR50 has no effect on MT2 function, GPR50 prevented MT1 from both binding
melatonin and coupling to G proteins .[ 8] [ 9]
Clinical significance
Certain polymorphisms of the GPR50 gene in females are associated with increased risk of developing bipolar affective disorder , major depressive disorder , and schizophrenia .[ 10] GPR50 gene polymorphism are associated with higher fasting circulating triglyceride levels and lower circulating High-density lipoprotein levels.[ 11]
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102195 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056380 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Entrez Gene: GPR50 G protein-coupled receptor 50" .^ a b Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF (May 1996). "Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary" . FEBS Letters . 386 (2–3): 219–24. doi :10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1 PMID 8647286 . ^ Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (January 1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)". Genomics . 55 (2): 248–51. doi :10.1006/geno.1998.5661 . PMID 9933574 . ^ Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, Guillaume JL, Couturier C, Delagrange P, Jockers R (July 2006). "The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization" . The EMBO Journal . 25 (13): 3012–23. doi :10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193 . PMC 1500982 PMID 16778767 . ^ Dufourny L, Levasseur A, Migaud M, Callebaut I, Pontarotti P, Malpaux B, Monget P (2008). "GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals" . BMC Evolutionary Biology . 8 (1): 105. Bibcode :2008BMCEE...8..105D . doi :10.1186/1471-2148-8-105 PMC 2323367 PMID 18400093 . ^ Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, Dunbar DR, Grassie MA, Condie A, Walker MT, Smith DJ, Pulford DJ, Muir W, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ (May 2005). "Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor" . Molecular Psychiatry . 10 (5): 470–8. doi :10.1038/sj.mp.4001593 PMID 15452587 . ^ Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, Keogh J, Montague C, Brennand J, Morten J, Lowenbeim S, Jenkins S, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, O'Rahilly S (April 2006). "Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels" . Journal of Lipid Research . 47 (4): 761–6. doi :10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200 PMID 16436372 .
Further reading
Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, et al. (1996). "Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary" . FEBS Lett . 386 (2–3): 219–24. doi :10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1 PMID 8647286 . Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)". Genomics . 55 (2): 248–51. doi :10.1006/geno.1998.5661 . PMID 9933574 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, et al. (2003). "Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin" . J. Cell. Physiol . 196 (1): 144–53. doi :10.1002/jcp.10287 PMID 12767050 . S2CID 24534729 . Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, et al. (2004). "Sequence Comparison of Human and Mouse Genes Reveals a Homologous Block Structure in the Promoter Regions" . Genome Res . 14 (9): 1711–8. doi :10.1101/gr.2435604 . PMC 515316 PMID 15342556 . Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, et al. (2005). "Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor" . Mol. Psychiatry . 10 (5): 470–8. doi :10.1038/sj.mp.4001593 PMID 15452587 . Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, et al. (2006). "Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels" . J. Lipid Res . 47 (4): 761–6. doi :10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200 PMID 16436372 . Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, et al. (2006). "The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization" . EMBO J . 25 (13): 3012–23. doi :10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193 . PMC 1500982 PMID 16778767 .
