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GLS2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4BQM
Identifiers
Aliases	GLS2, GA, GLS, LGA, hLGA, glutaminase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 606365; MGI: 2143539; HomoloGene: 40861; GeneCards: GLS2; OMA:GLS2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	56,488,414 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	128,045,873 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; cerebellar hemisphere; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; body of pancreas; ; right frontal lobe; ; oocyte; ; primary visual cortex; ; testicle; ; Brodmann area 9; ; middle temporal gyrus;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; visual cortex; ; cerebellar cortex; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; primary visual cortex; ; facial motor nucleus; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; embryo; ; neural layer of retina;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hydrolase activity; protein binding; glutaminase activity;
Cellular component	mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion;
Biological process	regulation of apoptotic process; glutamate secretion; cellular amino acid metabolic process; glutamine metabolic process; cellular amino acid biosynthetic process; glutamate biosynthetic process; glutamine catabolic process; reactive oxygen species metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	27165
	216456
	ENSG00000135423
	ENSMUSG00000044005
	Q9UI32
	Q571F8
	NM_001280796; NM_001280797; NM_001280798; NM_013267; NM_138566
	NM_001033264; NM_001285777; NM_001285779
	NP_001267725; NP_001267726; NP_001267727; NP_037399
	NP_001028436; NP_001272706; NP_001272708
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLS2 gene.^[5]

Structure

The GLS2 gene is on the 12th chromosome in humans, with its specific location being 12q13.3. It contains 19 exons.^[5]

Function

GLS2 is a part of the glutaminase family. The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial phosphate-activated glutaminase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to stoichiometric amounts of glutamate and ammonia. Originally thought to be liver-specific, this protein has been found in other tissues as well. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms.

Clinical significance

GLS2 has interesting molecular relationships with tumor progression and cancer. Glutaminase 2 negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling and shows tumor suppression activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma.^[6] Additionally, silencing of GLS and overexpression of GLS2 genes cooperate in decreasing the proliferation and viability of glioblastoma cells.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135423 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044005 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: Glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial)".
^ Liu J, Zhang C, Lin M, Zhu W, Liang Y, Hong X, Zhao Y, Young KH, Hu W, Feng Z (May 2014). "Glutaminase 2 negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling and shows tumor suppression activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncotarget. 5 (9): 2635–47. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.1862. PMC 4058033. PMID 24797434.
^ Szeliga M, Bogacińska-Karaś M, Różycka A, Hilgier W, Marquez J, Albrecht J (Mar 2014). "Silencing of GLS and overexpression of GLS2 genes cooperate in decreasing the proliferation and viability of glioblastoma cells". Tumour Biology. 35 (3): 1855–62. doi:10.1007/s13277-013-1247-4. PMC 3967065. PMID 24096582.

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Szeliga M, Zgrzywa A, Obara-Michlewska M, Albrecht J (Nov 2012). "Transfection of a human glioblastoma cell line with liver-type glutaminase (LGA) down-regulates the expression of DNA-repair gene MGMT and sensitizes the cells to alkylating agents". Journal of Neurochemistry. 123 (3): 428–36. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07917.x. PMID 22888977. S2CID 205624752.
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