GJ 1132

GJ 1132
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Vela
Right ascension 10h 14m 51.77869s[1]
Declination −47° 09′ 24.1928″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.46[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Main sequence
Spectral type M4[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)34.66±0.48[1] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −1,054.201 mas/yr[1]
Dec.: +414.512 mas/yr[1]
Parallax (π)79.3206 ± 0.0182 mas[1]
Distance41.119 ± 0.009 ly
(12.607 ± 0.003 pc)
Details
Mass0.194±0.005[3] M☉
Radius0.215±0.009[3] R☉
Luminosity0.00436±0.00013[3] L☉
Temperature3,196±71[3] K
Rotation122.3+6.0
−5.0 d[4]
Other designations
RAVE J101451.9-470925, Gaia DR2 5413438219396893568, GJ 1132, L 320-124, LFT 707, LHS 281, LTT 3758, NLTT 23819, PM 10129-4655, PM J10148-4709, GCRV 26265, 2MASS J10145184-4709244, WISEA J101450.66-470919.7[5]
Database references
SIMBADdata
Exoplanet Archivedata

GJ 1132 is a small red dwarf star 41.1 light-years (12.6 parsecs) away from Earth[1] in the constellation Vela. In 2015, it was revealed to have a hot rocky Earth-sized planet orbiting it every 1.6 days.[6] In 2018, a second planet and a potential third were revealed.[4]

Planetary system

As of June 12, 2018, there are two confirmed exoplanets and one candidate exoplanet orbiting GJ 1132.

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GJ 1132 b

Main article: GJ 1132 b

GJ 1132 b is the innermost planet of the GJ 1132 system, as well as the smallest. It is very similar in size and mass to Earth, with a radius of 1.13 R🜨 and a mass of 1.66 ME. It is slightly denser than Earth with 30% more surface gravity, meaning it has a rocky composition.[4] Despite its physical similarities to Earth, it is considered too hot to be habitable, getting 19 times more sunlight due to its 1.6 day orbital period. As of 2022, it remains unclear whether the planet has an atmosphere, with some studies finding evidence for an atmosphere,[7][8] but others finding a flat, featureless spectrum that leaves the presence or absence of an atmosphere inconclusive.[9][10][11]

GJ 1132 c

GJ 1132 c was reported by Bonfils and colleagues using the HARPS spectrograph on the ESO 3.6 m Telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile in June 2018. No transits of the planet were found, but it has a minimum mass of about 2.6 ME and gets 1.9 times the amount of sunlight as Earth with an equilibrium temperature of 300 K (27 °C; 80 °F). It orbits outside the inner limit of GJ 1132's habitable zone (which ends at 1.6 times the stellar flux of Earth), but because the exact characteristics of the planet's atmosphere are unknown, it has been mentioned that it could still be potentially habitable. However, with a lack of transits, determining its atmospheric characteristics will be extremely difficult.[4]

GJ 1132 d

An unconfirmed cold super-Earth candidate was also detected, with a minimum mass of about 8.4 ME and a low equilibrium temperature of 111 K (−162 °C; −260 °F). It has been designated GJ 1132 (d) with parenthesis because it is not considered a confirmed planet. Despite the signal having a false alarm probability of less than 0.01%, comparable to GJ 1132 b and c, it is close to the period of the star's magnetic cycle.[4]

Artist's impression and size comparison of the two confirmed planets of GJ 1132 with Earth
The GJ 1132 planetary system[4][12]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 1.66 ± 0.23 M🜨 0.0153 ± 0.0005 1.6289304(13)[13] <0.22 86.58 ± 0.63° 1.13 ± 0.056 R🜨
c >2.64 ± 0.44 M🜨 0.0476 ± 0.0017 8.929 ± 0.010 <0.27 — —
d (unconfirmed) >8.4 +1.7
−2.5 M🜨 		0.35 ± 0.01 176.9 ± 5.1 <0.53 — —

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b Bidelman, W. P. (October 1985), "G. P. Kuiper's spectral classifications of proper-motion stars", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 59: 197–227, Bibcode:1985ApJS...59..197B, doi:10.1086/191069.
  3. ^ a b c d Pineda, J. Sebastian; et al. (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 23. arXiv:2106.07656. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. S2CID 235435757. 40.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Bonfils, X.; et al. (October 2018), "Radial velocity follow-up of GJ1132 with HARPS. A precise mass for planet 'b' and the discovery of a second planet", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 618: 12, arXiv:1806.03870, Bibcode:2018A&A...618A.142B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731884, S2CID 119394477, A142.
  5. ^ "GJ 1132". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  6. ^ Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; et al. (2015). "A rocky planet transiting a nearby low-mass star". Nature. 527 (7577): 204–207. arXiv:1511.03550. Bibcode:2015Natur.527..204B. doi:10.1038/nature15762. PMID 26560298. S2CID 4385619.
  7. ^ "Atmosphere around super-Earth detected", phys.org, April 6, 2017, retrieved April 6, 2017.
  8. ^ Swain, Mark R.; Estrela, Raissa; Roudier, Gael M.; Sotin, Christophe; Rimmer, Paul B.; Valio, Adriana; West, Robert; Pearson, Kyle; Huber-Feely, Noah; Zellem, Robert T. (2021). "Detection of an Atmosphere on a Rocky Exoplanet". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 213. arXiv:2103.05657. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..213S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abe879. S2CID 232170188.
  9. ^ Diamond-Lowe, Hannah; et al. (2018). "Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Small, Rocky Exoplanet GJ 1132b". The Astronomical Journal. 156 (2) 42. arXiv:1805.07328. Bibcode:2018AJ....156...42D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac6dd. S2CID 119061941.
  10. ^ Mugnai, Lorenzo V.; Modirrousta-Galian, Darius; Edwards, Billy; Changeat, Quentin; Bouwman, Jeroen; Morello, Giuseppe; Al-Refaie, Ahmed; Baeyens, Robin; Bieger, Michelle Fabienne; Blain, Doriann; Gressier, Amélie (2021-04-05). "ARES.* V. No Evidence for Molecular Absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (6): 284. arXiv:2104.01873. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..284M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abf3c3. S2CID 233025360.
  11. ^ Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Diamond-Lowe, Hannah; Gully-Santiago, Michael A.; Irwin, Jonathan M.; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Charbonneau, David; Desert, Jean-Michel; Dittmann, Jason A.; Hofmann, Ryan (2022). "The Featureless HST/WFC3 Transmission Spectrum of the Rocky Exoplanet GJ 1132b: No Evidence for a Cloud-free Primordial Atmosphere and Constraints on Starspot Contamination". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (2): 59. arXiv:2105.10487. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...59L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac75de. S2CID 235125875.
  12. ^ "GJ 1132 b Confirmed Planet Overview Page", NASA Exoplanet Archive, retrieved 2018-06-11.
  13. ^ Kokori, A.; et al. (14 February 2023). "ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 265 (1) 4. arXiv:2209.09673. Bibcode:2023ApJS..265....4K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac9da4. Vizier catalog entry