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Freedom, Pennsylvania
Freedom, Pennsylvania
Borough
	Typical scene on one of the borough's steep streets, with the Conway Yard and the Ohio River visible in the distance
	Motto(s): Yours, Mine, Ours
	Location in Beaver County and the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
	Coordinates: 40°41′04″N 80°15′06″W / 40.68444°N 80.25167°W
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
County	Beaver
Settled	1832
Incorporated	1838
Government
• Type	Borough Council
• Mayor	Nadine Padezanin
Area
• Total	0.74 sq mi (1.91 km2)
• Land	0.60 sq mi (1.56 km2)
• Water	0.13 sq mi (0.35 km2)
Elevation	827 ft (252 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	1,496
• Density	2,476.82/sq mi (956.56/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
Zip code	15042
Area code(s)	724, 878
FIPS code	42-27712
Website	www.freedomborough.org

Freedom is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,496 at the 2020 census.^[3] It is located 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Originally founded as a steamboat building town, chief industries later included the production of oil, caskets, and monuments.

History

In 1824, the Harmony Society returned to Pennsylvania from Indiana. The society settled in what is now Ambridge, five miles (8 km) up the Ohio River. One of the reasons the society left Indiana was because of harassment for their abolitionist activities. Their settlement was in Beaver County, along the Ohio River. There they founded "Ökonomie", now better known as Old Economy Village. Here, the Society gained worldwide recognition for its religious devotion and economic prosperity.

The Harmonites were abolitionists, and began placing signs along the Ohio River with one word, "FREEDOM". ^{[dubious – discuss]} The area of the present-day borough of Freedom began to be called such on maps of the Ohio River used by the steamboat navigators.

Establishment

The community of Freedom was founded in 1832 by Jonathan Betz and Stephen Phillips, co-owners of a steamboat building business. They purchased about 100 acres (0.40 km²) of land for $2,000.00 from General Abner Lacock. The original village was surveyed and plotted by Simon Meredith. All of the lots, streets and alleys were located with special preference to the steamboat-building business, the only business at the time. Later, an additional 39 acres (160,000 m²) were purchased from Captain William Vicary for $2,500.00. Vicary himself retained some property in the area, including a stone house; today, the house remains a local landmark, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[4]

About 150 people first located in Freedom and it grew rapidly. The town was laid out on a Tuesday and by the following Saturday, fourteen houses had been built. In 1833, Freedom contained 40 dwellings, 47 families, and about 320 people. Boat building and distilling were its two main businesses.

By 1837, Freedom had grown to a population of about 600, and 100 dwellings. New businesses included a foundry, and steam engines manufactured by J. Baker and Company, a large steam sawmill, and an extensive distillery and gristmill owned by J. Stahl and Company. The merchants at that time were: Phillips and McConnell, Stile and Fisher, Phillip Bentel, John Donnan, J. W. Mead, three innkeepers: Samuel Furnier, J. W. Snead, and Thomas G. Kerr and two physicians: Drs. William Smith and T. F. Robinson.

In 1896, the neighboring borough of Saint Clair was absorbed by Freedom. Saint Clair Borough was located in what is currently Freedom's second ward. It was laid out by Captain William Vicary and was often simply called Vicary or Vicary Extension.

Geography

Freedom is located at 40°41′4″N 80°15′6″W / 40.68444°N 80.25167°W / 40.68444; -80.25167 (40.684316, −80.251667).^[5] Freedom has three borders, including the borough of East Rochester to the northwest, New Sewickley Township to the east and northeast and the borough of Conway to the south. Freedom also runs adjacent with the borough of Monaca across the Ohio River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²), of which 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km²) (18.06%) is water.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1840	384		—
1850	524		36.5%
1860	533		1.7%
1870	634		18.9%
1880	623		−1.7%
1890	704		13.0%
1900	1,783		153.3%
1910	3,060		71.6%
1920	3,452		12.8%
1930	3,227		−6.5%
1940	3,227		0.0%
1950	3,000		−7.0%
1960	2,895		−3.5%
1970	2,643		−8.7%
1980	2,272		−14.0%
1990	1,897		−16.5%
2000	1,763		−7.1%
2010	1,569		−11.0%
2020	1,496		−4.7%
2021 (est.)	1,479	^[3]	−1.1%
Sources:^[6]^[7]^[8]^[2]

As of the 2000 census,^[7] there were 1,763 people, 687 households, and 469 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,984.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,152.3/km²). There were 731 housing units at an average density of 1,237.4 per square mile (477.8/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 92.80% White, 5.16% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 687 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $30,741, and the median income for a family was $38,000. Males had a median income of $30,303 versus $23,438 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $16,261. About 12.2% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.