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Fred Young
Fred Young
	Unknown year
Born	Njo Tiong Gie; 31 October 1900; Semarang, Dutch East Indies
Died	2 June 1977 (aged 76); Malang, Indonesia
Occupation	Filmmaker
Years active	1940–1974

Fred Young (born Njo Tiong Gie; Chinese: 楊中義; pinyin: Yáng Zhōngyì; 31 October 1900 – 2 June 1977) was an ethnic Chinese film director and producer active in the Dutch East Indies and its successor state, Indonesia. He reportedly studied film in Hollywood as a youth, but only entered the nation's film industry in 1940. After he made his debut as a writer with Sorga Palsoe, he was involved in some 36 productions, 23 as director.

Biography

Young was born in Semarang, Central Java, to Njo Gwan Djoe and Ong Kien Nio on 31 October 1900. As a child he was adopted by his uncle Njo Gwan Jong & Kang Toan Nio, who lived in Malang, East Java. He had a junior high school education in the Dutch East Indies.^[1] However, he reportedly was in Los Angeles, US, by the 1920s, learning about film with The Teng Chun and Nelson Wong.^[2] Young would work with The later in his career.^[3]

Young entered the film industry in 1940 when he wrote Sorga Palsoe (False Paradise).^[1] Later that year he joined with SI Liem to establish Majestic Film in Batavia (now Jakarta).^[4] The company's first production, Djantoeng Hati, was directed by Njoo Cheong Seng, with Liem and Young serving as producers.^[5] Majestic's second production, Air Mata Iboe (Mother's Tears; 1941), a tragedy which followed a young man who takes vengeance on his siblings after they refuse to shelter their mother, was produced by Young, directed by Njoo, and starred Njoo's wife Fifi Young (no relation).^[6]^[7]

When the Japanese occupied the Indies beginning in 1942, closing all but one film studio,^[8] Young went into the theatre, establishing the Bintang Soerabaja theatre company. He did not return to film until 1949, after Indonesia proclaimed its independence, when he helped establish the Bintang Soerabaja Film Company and made his directorial debut, Sehidup Semati. That year he made one further film, Sapu Tangan.^[1]

Young remained highly active throughout the 1950s,^[9] directing, writing, or producing 24 films in that decade alone.^[10] During the 1960s, during a time of increased discrimination against Chinese Indonesians, he began to write under the Indonesian-sounding pen name Utomo.^[9] By the mid 1960s he had slowed in his filmmaking, but made a short resurgence in the 1970s. He died in Malang, East Java, on 2 June 1977.^[1]

Filmography

During his career Young was involved in 36 films, directing 23 of them.^[10]

Sorga Palsoe (False Paradise; 1940) – Story
Djantoeng Hati (Heart and Soul; 1941) – Producer
Air Mata Iboe (Mother's Tears; 1941) – Producer
Sehidup Semati (1949) – Director and story
Saputangan (Handkerchief; 1949) – Director and story
Bengawan Solo (Solo River; 1949) – Story
Ratapan Ibu (Mother's Gaze; 1950) – Director
Bintang Surabaja 1951 (Star of Surabaya, 1951; 1950) – Story
Djembatan Merah (Red Bridge; 1950) – Director
Damarwulan (1950) – Director and producer
Harumanis (1950) – Director and story
Antara Tertawa dan Airmata (Between Laughter and Tears; 1951) – Director
Ditepi Bengawan Solo (On the Banks of the Solo River; 1951) – Director
Chandra Dewi (1952) – Director and screenwriter
Dewa Dewi (Gods and Goddesses; 1952) – Producer
Kumala Dewa Dewi (1952) – Producer
Sangkar Emas (Golden Cage; 1952) – Director
Sorga Terakhir (Last Heaven; 1952) – Director, screenwriter, and story

Putri Solo (Daughter of Solo; 1953) – Director
Rosita (1953) – Producer
Saputangan Sutra (Silk Gloves; 1953) – Director and producer
Srigala Topeng Hitam (Wolf with the Black Mask; 1953) – Producer
Lenggang Djakarta (1953) – Producer
Halilintar (1954) – Director, producer, and story
Sebatang Kara (Alone; 1954) – Director
Guntur (1955) – Producer
Rumah Gila (Crazy House; 1955) – Director, producer, screenwriter, and story
Setulus Hatiku (As True as My Heart; 1955) – Director and producer
Putri Solo Kembali (The Daughter of Solo Returns; 1956) – Director and producer
Radja Karet dari Singapura (Rubber King of Singapore; 1956) – Director
Air Mata Ibu (Mother's Tears; 1957) – Director and producer
Dibalik Awan (Behind the Clouds; 1963) – Director, producer, screenwriter, and story
Bengawan Solo (River of Love; 1971) – story
Aku Mau Hidup (I Want to Live; 1974) – Producer and story
Putri Solo (Daughter of Solo; 1974) – Director, producer, screenwriter, and story
Bunga Roos dari Cikembang (Rose from Cikembang; 1975) – Director, producer, and screenwriter

References

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young.
^ Biran 2009, p. 188.
^ Filmindonesia.or.id, The Teng Chun.
^ Biran 2009, p. 240.
^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Djantoeng Hati.
^ Biran 2009, pp. 239–241.
^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Iboe.
^ Biran 2009, pp. 319, 332.
^ ^a ^b Sun 2006, p. 122.
^ ^a ^b Filmindonesia.or.id, Filmography.

Bibliography

"Air Mata Iboe". filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Biran, Misbach Yusa (2009). Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa [History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council. ISBN 978-979-3731-58-2.
"Djantoeng Hati". filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
"Fred Young". filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
"Fred Young | Filmografi" [Fred Young | Filmography]. filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
Sun, Wanning (2006). Media and the Chinese Diaspora. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-26359-2.
"The Teng Chun". filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2012.