Frank Baldwin Jewett (/ˈdʒuːɪt/; September 5, 1879 – November 18, 1949) worked as an engineer for American Telegraph and Telephone where his work demonstrated transatlantic radio telephony using a vacuum-tube transmitter. He was also a physicist and the first president of Bell Labs.
The Bell Telephone Laboratories were established in 1925 with Jewett as president; he stayed until 1940. He also was chairman of the Board of Directors of Bell Laboratories from 1940 to 1944.
Historian Leonard S. Reich (1985) argues that in the early 1900s, AT&T and other companies established research labs as a defensive measure against competitors threatening their core businesses. Despite AT&T's very large investment in its telephone system, it faced fierce competition from smaller regional firms. To maintain dominance, AT&T concentrated on creating a nationwide telephone system that provided good technology and the widest possible long-distance service. A key invention that would leave the competition far behind, would be a repeater device to allow coast-to-coast telephone transmission. This research became even more pressing when the engineers realized that the device would also be pivotal for radio development, which had the potential to render wired communication obsolete. The vacuum tube was the critical device. AT&T did not invent it but did purchase the patent and then significantly improved it. AT&T continued research to reinforce its existing telephone system. The research philosophy, according to Jewett, the research director, centered around science's usefulness in the systematic advancement of electrical communication. The vacuum tube thus played a critical role in the company's success in both telephone and radio industries.[4]
Jewett served as president of the Board of Trustees for the New York Museum of Science and Industry, and was a trustee at Princeton University, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, and Tabor Academy.[5]
Brittain, James E. "Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: Frank B. Jewett." Proceedings of the IEEE 95.2 (2007): 453–455. online
Osgood, Farley, et al. "Frank B. Jewett." Journal AIEE (June 1922) pp. 125–125 online
Reich, Leonard S. "Industrial Research and the Pursuit of Corporate Security: The Early Years of Bell Labs" Business History Review 54#4 (1980) pp. 504–529.
Reich. Leonard S. The Making of American Industrial Research. (Cambridge UP, 1985).