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His Excellency
Francisco da Costa Gomes
ComTE • GOA
His Excellency Francisco da Costa Gomes ComTE • GOA
	Gomes in 1975
15th President of Portugal
	In office; 30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976
Prime Minister	Vasco Gonçalves; José Pinheiro de Azevedo
Preceded by	António de Spínola
Succeeded by	António Ramalho Eanes
President of the Revolutionary Council
	In office; 14 March 1975 – 13 July 1976
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	António Ramalho Eanes
President of the National Salvation Junta
	In office; 30 September 1974 – 14 March 1975
Preceded by	António de Spínola
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff
	In office; 30 April 1974 – 13 July 1976
Preceded by	Joaquim da Luz Cunha
Succeeded by	António Ramalho Eanes
	In office; 12 September 1972 – March 1974
Preceded by	Venâncio Augusto Deslandes
Succeeded by	Joaquim da Luz Cunha
Personal details
Born	30 June 1914; Chaves, Portugal
Died	31 July 2001 (aged 87); Lisbon, Portugal
Political party	Independent
Spouse	Maria Estela Veloso de Antas Varajão (m. 1952)
Children	1
Alma mater	University of Porto
Portfolio	Military Region of Angola
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Portugal
Branch/service	Portuguese Army
Years of service	1931–1976
Rank	General (effective); Field Marshal (honorific)
Battles/wars	Portuguese Colonial War

Francisco da Costa Gomes, ComTE GOA (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku ðɐ ˈkɔʃtɐ ˈɣomɨʃ]; 30 June 1914 – 31 July 2001) was a Portuguese military officer and politician, the 15th president of Portugal (the second after the Carnation Revolution).

Life

He was one of the eleven children of António José Gomes, (Santo Estevão, Chaves, ? – Lisbon, 1 July 1922) and wife, Idalina Júlia Monteiro da Costa (Chaves, 27 May 1880 – Porto, 18 February 1967).

On 8 December 1952, Gomes married Maria Estela Veloso de Antas Varajão (born 23 March 1927 in Viana do Castelo), daughter of João de Campos Varajão and his wife Angélica Martins Veloso (b. Barcelos, Barcelos), at the Cathedral of Viana do Castelo. The couple had only one son, Francisco da Costa Gomes.

In 1961 Costa Gomes, acting as under-secretary of state for the Army, was involved in a constitutional "coup d'état" headed by the Minister of Defense, General Júlio Botelho Moniz, that tried to convince President Américo Tomás to remove an aged António de Oliveira Salazar from the premiership.

In 1970 he occupied the post of Commander of the Military Region of Angola, where he overhauled the chief-command and was the first to try to establish a military agreement with the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) against the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA).

On 12 September 1972 he was called back to Portugal to occupy the post of Chief of the Armed Forces—replacing General Venâncio Augusto Deslandes [pt]—but he was replaced in March 1974, a few weeks before the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, because he had refused to swear his loyalty to the President of the Council of Ministers Marcello Caetano in a public ceremony.

After the Revolution he was one of the seven military leaders who made up the National Salvation Junta. Between 25 April and 30 September he was the second-in-command of the Portuguese state, behind António de Spínola.

He assumed the Presidency of the Republic when named by the Junta after the resignation of Spínola on 30 September 1974, and occupied the post until 27 June 1976 when, in the first Presidential election, the Portuguese chose General Ramalho Eanes to succeed him. He received an honorary promotion to Field Marshal in 1982.

Honours

National

Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty (GCL, 5 July 2023) (posthumously)^[2]^[3]
Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders (30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976)
Commander of the Military Order of the Tower and Sword (ComTE, 2 November 1972)^[4]
Grand Officer of the Military Order of Aviz (GOA, 20 August 1971)^[4]
Commander of the Military Order of Aviz (ComA, 28 December 1953)^[4]
Officer of the Military Order of Aviz (OA, 16 September 1950)^[4]

Foreign

Brazil: Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (21 November 1972)
France: Grand Cross of the National Order of Legion of Honour (20 May 1976)
Libya: Recipient of the Order of the Great Conqueror (20 October 1975)
North Korea: First Class of the Order of the National Flag (20 November 1975)
Poland: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (7 May 1976)
Romania: First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania (15 April 1976)
Senegal: Grand Cross of the National Order of the Lion (6 July 1976)
Yugoslavia: Great Star of the Order of the Yugoslav Star (29 April 1976)^[5]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b "Francisco da Costa Gomes, Museu da Presidência da República".
^ "Entidades Nacionais Agraciadas com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 April 2024.
^ "Alvará (extrato) n.º 19/2023, de 4 de agosto". Diário da República n.º 151/2023, Série II de 2023-08-04. 4 August 2023. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Entidades Nacionais Agraciadas com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 April 2024.
^ "GOMESU URUČENA ZLATNA SPOMEN-PLAKETA BEOGRADA". Slobodna Dalmacija (9509): 1. 25 October 1975.
^ "Entidades Nacionais Agraciadas com Ordens Estrangeiras". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 June 2024.

Sources

Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril da Universidade de Coimbra (2014). Costa Gomes, O Último Marechal [Costa Gomes the last Marshall] (in Portuguese). Lisbon: D. Quixote. ISBN 978-972-20-5518-5. Retrieved 1 April 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Rodrigues, Luís Nuno (2008). Marechal Costa Gomes, No centro da tempestade [Marshall Costa Gomes, in the epicenter of the storm] (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Esfera dos Livros. ISBN 978-989-626-103-0.
"Costa Gomes". Presidency of the Portuguese Republic. Retrieved 23 September 2015.