When the province of Trois-Évêchés was created in 1552, a first Franco-Luxembourgish border came into existence: it was located between the north of the arrondissement of Metz and the south of that of Thionville.[2]
After the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, despite the changes that occurred in the dynasties of its sovereigns, the territorial surface of Luxembourg experienced no variation until 1795, except for those agreed by Marie-Thérèse and the King of FranceLouis XV, recounted in the two boundary treaties of 1769 and 1779.[4]
Convention of 16 May 1769
The convention of 16 May 1769 put an end to the existence of several enclaves in France and Austrian Netherlands (of which Luxembourg was a part at the time),[5] this convention also formed a new boundary line: "The Ruisseau of Frisange (Gander) will serve as Limits in this part, from the place where it leaves the Territory of Frisange, as far as that where it enters the Territory of Ganderen, and from this point, pulling as far as the Moselle, the Limit will remain as it is now, so that Ganderen, Beyern and all that currently belongs below the said Limit to the Empress Queen, will henceforth belong to France”.[6]
The King ceded to the Empress-Queen, via Article XVIII, his rights, claims and possessions over the villages and places located to the left of the Frisange stream.[7] Her Majesty the Empress Queen for her part renounced, via article XIX, all claims to the seigniories that France has so far claimed to possess as dependencies of Thionville, insofar as they are located to the right of the said Frisange stream and the limit marked by article XVIII.[7]
Convention of 18 November 1779
The King of France ceded to the Empress-Queen, on the border of Luxembourg, the village, land and seigneury of Sommethonne [fr], as well as the property of Haillon with their belongings, dependencies and annexes (article XXIX).[8] The Empress-Queen ceded to the King, in the same province, the villages of Gernelle and Rumelle, together with their belongings, dependencies and annexes (article XXX).[8]
19th century
The communes of Évrange and Hagen were united by decree of 12 April 1811 in Frisange (at the time in the Department of Forests); then reintegrated into the Moselle, under the treaty of 1814.[9]
Before the Revolution, the village of Manderen, landlocked in Lorraine, belonged to the Austrian Netherlands as a dependent of Luxembourg. Following the conquests of France, this village was classified in the department of Forests (canton of Remich).[3] Occupied by Prussia in 1815, the village was finally ceded by it to France in 1829.[10]
The last modification of the course of the border dates from 2007 with the exchange of land with a total area of 87,679m2 between the French municipality of Russange and that of Luxembourg Sanem, west of Esch-sur-Alzette, as part of a brownfields project to reconvert steel wastelands into tertiary and university hubs.[12][13]
Following a cross-border regional agreement to add 850m of track to line 6b (Bettembourg - Dudelange), the French town of Volmerange-les-Mines became the new terminus in 2003.[14]