Flockaveli

Flockaveli
Studio album by
ReleasedOctober 5, 2010
Recorded2008–2010
StudioNext Level Studios, Houston; NightBird Recording Studios, West Hollywood; S-Line Ent., Atlanta
Genre
Length72:00
Label
Producer
Waka Flocka Flame chronology
Flockaveli
(2010)
Ferrari Boyz
(2011)
Singles from Flockaveli
  1. "O Let's Do It"
    Released: April 14, 2009
  2. "Hard in da Paint"
    Released: June 15, 2010
  3. "No Hands"
    Released: August 17, 2010
  4. "Grove St. Party"
    Released: February 15, 2011

Flockaveli is the debut studio album by American rapper Waka Flocka Flame. It was released through 1017 Brick Squad, Asylum, and Warner Bros. Records on October 5, 2010. The title of the album is a portmanteau of Waka Flocka Flame's name and that of the Italian political theorist Machiavelli,[3] and was inspired by fellow American rapper Tupac Shakur, whose final stage name and pseudonym before his death was Makaveli.[4] The album was recorded at Next Level Studios in Houston, NightBird Recording Studios in West Hollywood, and S-Line Ent. in Atlanta.[5]

Upon its release, Flockaveli received generally positive reviews from critics, who complimented its musical intensity, brazen lyrics, and gangsta rap ethos. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 37,000 copies in the United States. As of August 15, 2011, the album sold 400,000 copies in the United States.

Music and lyrics

Flockaveli is a crunk album.[1] It was primarily produced by Lex Luger, whose bombastic, grimly-programmed production incorporates drill 'n' bass 808 trills, bass kicks, hand claps,[1] confrontational beats,[2] dense synthesizers, and shifting sub-bass layers.[6] Waka Flocka Flame's unrefined street raps feature constant ad libs.[2] According to Pitchfork Media's David Drake, the songs reduce gangsta rap to its archetypical themes: "hypermasculine children of the drug trade, reckless fatalism, intensity, and physicality ... Waka's aggression is the survivalist reaction of the powerless, directed toward the threats of the immediate environment."[2]

Singles

The album's lead single, titled "O Let's Do It" was released on April 14, 2009.[7] The song features guest appearances from a fellow American rapper Cap, with production by L-Don Beatz.[8] The song peaked at number 62 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[9] The remix to "O Let's Do It" was released, from which features guest appearances from fellow American rappers Diddy, Rick Ross, and Gucci Mane.[10]

The album's second single, titled "Hard in da Paint" was released on May 13, 2010. The song was produced by Lex Luger. In July 2010, a music video for the song was released.[11] The remix to "Hard in da Paint" was released, from which features guest appearances from American singer Ciara and fellow American rapper Gucci Mane.[12]

The album's third single, titled "No Hands" was released on August 17, 2010. The song features guest appearances from fellow American rappers Roscoe Dash and Wale, with production by Drumma Boy.[13][14] The song peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it his highest charting single in the United States.[15] It is his best-selling single of all time, being a certified diamond by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[16]

The album's fourth and final single, "Grove St. Party" was released on February 15, 2011. The song features a guest appearance from fellow American rapper Kebo Gotti, with its production by Lex Luger.[17] The song has charted at number 74 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[18]

Other songs

There are also music videos for the songs such as "Snake in the Grass" (featuring Cartier Kitten),[19] "Bustin' at Em",[20] "For My Dawgs",[21] and "Live By the Gun" (featuring Ra Diggs and Uncle Murda.)[22] On October 18, 2010, Waka Flocka Flame performed "Smoke, Drank" live on high-definition TV at the Roxy Theatre in West Hollywood.[23]

Release and reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic75/100[24]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[25]
NME9/10[26]
Pitchfork8.0/10[2]
PopMatters6/10[1]
RapReviews7.5/10[27]
Rolling Stone[28]
Spin7/10[29]

Flockaveli was released by Asylum Records on October 5, 2010. It debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 37,000 copies in the United States.[30] As of August 15, 2011, the album has sold 285,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[31]

Flockaveli received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 75, based on 9 reviews.[24] Jaimie Hodgson from NME commented that the album's songs "showcase a masterclass in reductionism; juggernauts of hulking, bruising, brick-to-skull intensity."[26] BBC Music's Louis Pattison praised Waka Flocka Flame's "cold charisma", writing that "it’s channelled successfully here, a presence that permeates Flockaveli utterly."[32] Ben Detrick of Spin complimented its "unforgiving crush of unveiled threats over ricocheting drums and choleric synths", and called Waka "more agitator than rapper—imagine DJ Kool as an unhinged goon with a fetish for brawling and gunfire."[29] Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice called producer Lex Luger "a force whose tinnitus-inducing tracks demand replay."and wrote in conclusion, "Ultimately, the inflammatory Waka is an avatar for a new rap economy: few words delivered with force, with an eye to the stage and the check that arrives with it."[33] Pitchfork critic David Drake described it as "a furious torrent of gangsta rap Id," and praised Waka for giving the album its "frenetic intensity."[2]

Rolling Stone writer Jody Rosen was less impressed and found Waka Flocka Flame's skills "negligible."[28] Patrick Taylor of RapReviews called Waka "a blunt instrument that beats you into submission," and stated, "On an intellectual level, I don't like 'Flockaveli.' The lyrics are simplistic and goonish. The music is effective but all sounds the same. If I was looking for an example of what hip-hop should be, it's not Waka Flocka Flame. On a gut level, though, 'Flockaveli' works. It's morally questionable, but it hits hard".[27] David Amidon from PopMatters described it as "a producer classic littered with verses so whack they become endearing in their special way", adding that Luger "pulls that special kind of synergy unique to hip-hop out of [Waka] again and again."[1] Amidon wrote of its cultural significance, "This is a very specific album intended for a specific audience: downtrodden, powerless, forever seeking payment, pussy and freedom from the powers that be but in the process of accepting they may never find that experience. This is strictly hood music [...] it’s been a very long time since a hip-hop release felt like it truly didn’t give a fuck about anything but its local community while pushing its genre forward as much as possible."[1]

In 2012, Complex named the album one of the classic albums of the last decade.[34] In 2014, Billboard called the single "No Hands," the ninth most successful song in the 25-year history of their Hot Rap Songs chart.[35]

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Bustin' at 'Em"4:03
2."Hard in da Paint" Lex Luger4:06
3."TTG (Trained to Go)" (featuring French Montana, YG Hootie, Joe Moses, Suge Gotti, and Baby Bomb) Lex Luger5:05
4."Bang" (featuring YG Hootie and Slim Dunkin) Lex Luger4:23
5."No Hands" (featuring Roscoe Dash and Wale) Drumma Boy4:22
6."Bricksquad" (featuring Gudda Gudda) Lex Luger3:57
7."Fuck the Club Up" (featuring Pastor Troy and Slim Dunkin) Southside4:39
8."Homies" (featuring YG Hootie, Popa Smurf, and Ice Burgandy) 
4:54
9."Grove St. Party" (featuring Kebo Gotti) Lex Luger4:10
10."O Let's Do It" (featuring Cap) L-Don Beatz4:08
11."Karma" (featuring YG Hootie and Popa Smurf) Lex Luger3:52
12."Live by the Gun" (featuring Ra Diggs and Uncle Murda) Lex Luger4:09
13."For My Dawgs" Cedric "Yayo" Herbert3:21
14."G-Check" (featuring YG Hootie, Bo Deal, and Joe Moses) Lex Luger4:18
15."Snake in the Grass" (featuring Cartier Kitten) Lex Luger2:58
16."Smoke, Drank" (featuring Mouse, Kebo Gotti and Bo Deal) 
4:32
17."Fuck This Industry" Lex Luger5:09
18."Rumors" (Bonus track) Joey French3:29
19."Gun Sounds" (Bonus track) Southside3:36

Personnel

Credits for Flockaveli adapted from AllMusic.[36]

  • Debra Antney – A&R, executive producer
  • Russell Dreyer – inside photo
  • Drumma Boy – producer
  • Cedric "Yayo" Herbert – producer
  • Darryl "Big Dee" Johnson – A&R
  • Liza Joseph – A&R
  • L Don – producer
  • Colin Leonard – mastering
  • Lexus "Lex Luger" Lewis – producer
  • Lil Jon – producer
  • Joshua "Southside" Luellen – producer
  • Juaquin Malphurs AKA Waka Flocka Flame – executive producer, A&R
  • Amir Motamedi AKA Prince – producer
  • Nathaniel Caserta AKA Purps – producer
  • Mike Rev – cover design
  • TaVon Sampson – art direction, design
  • Sharod Simpson – cover photo
  • Nigel Talley – A&R
  • Carolyn Tracey – package production
  • Finis "KY" White – engineer, mixing

Charts

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Amidon, David (November 18, 2010). "Waka Flocka Flame: Flockaveli". PopMatters. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Drake, David (October 28, 2010). "Waka Flocka Flame: Flockaveli". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  3. ^ "Album Preview: Waka Flocka Flame's "Flockaveli" | Complex Blog". Complex.com. September 17, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  4. ^ Cyrus Langhorne (September 17, 2010). "WAKA FLOCKA FLAME APOLOGIZES TO 2PAC FANS OVER "FLOCKAVELI" DEBUT TITLE". SOHH.com. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  5. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame - Flockaveli CD Album". CD Universe. Muze. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  6. ^ "Review: Flockaveli". The Wire. London: 74. April 2011.
  7. ^ "O Let's Do It - Single by Waka Flocka Flame". iTunes. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  8. ^ "iTunes - Music - Flockaveli (Deluxe Version) by Waka Flocka Flame". Itunes.apple.com. October 1, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  9. ^ Flockaveli - Waka Flocka Flame. Billboard. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  10. ^ "O Let's Do It (feat. Diddy, Rick Ross & Gucci Mane) - Single by Waka Flocka Flame". iTunes. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  11. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame 'Hard In Da Paint' Video Premieres". MTV. July 19, 2010. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  12. ^ "Hard in da Paint - Single by Waka Flocka Flame". Itunes.apple.com. June 14, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  13. ^ "R&R :: Going For Adds :: Urban". Gfa.radioandrecords.com. August 17, 2010. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  14. ^ "New Music: Waka Flocka Ft. Wale x Roscoe Dash "No Hands"". Rap Radar. August 15, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  15. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  16. ^ "American single certifications – Waka – No Hands". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
  17. ^ "Urban/UAC Future Releases | R&B, Hip Hop, Release Schedule and Street Dates |". Allaccess.com. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  18. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame featuring Kebo Gotti". Billboard.com. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  19. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame - Snakes In The Grass music video". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  20. ^ "Канал користувача wakaflocka1017". YouTube. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  21. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame - "For My Dawgs"". YouTube. September 16, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2011.[dead YouTube link]
  22. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame - Live By The Gun feat. Ra Diggs & Uncle Murder (link in description". YouTube. July 10, 2010. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  23. ^ "waka+flocka+drink - Listen and Download Mp3s". Music.bec0de.com. October 18, 2010. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  24. ^ a b "Reviews for Flockaveli by Waka Flocka Flame". Metacritic. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  25. ^ Jeffries, David. "Flockaveli – Waka Flocka Flame". AllMusic. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  26. ^ a b Hodgson, Jaimie (April 27, 2011). "Album Review: Waka Flocka Flame – 'Flockaveli'". NME. London. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  27. ^ a b Taylor, Patrick (January 18, 2011). "Waka Flocka Flame :: Flockaveli :: Bricksquad/Warner Bros. Records". RapReviews. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  28. ^ a b Rosen, Jody (October 26, 2010). "Flockaveli". Rolling Stone. New York. Archived from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  29. ^ a b Detrick, Ben (October 4, 2010). "Waka Flocka Flame, 'Flockaveli' (Asylum/Warner Bros.)". Spin. New York. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  30. ^ Jacobs, Allen (October 13, 2010). "Hip Hop Album Sales: The Week Ending 10/10/2010". HipHopDX. Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  31. ^ "Introducing the King of Hip-Hop | Music News". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  32. ^ Pattison, Louis (March 17, 2011). "Review of Waka Flocka Flame – Flockaveli". BBC Music. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  33. ^ Fennessey, Sean (October 6, 2010). "Waka Flocka Flame Is Yelling at You for a Reason". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
  34. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame, Flockaveli (2010) — 25 Rap Albums From the Past Decade That Deserve Classic Status". Complex. December 6, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  35. ^ "Hot Rap Songs Chart 25th Anniversary: Top 100 Songs". Billboard. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  36. ^ Flockaveli - Waka Flocka Flame: Credits. Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  37. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  38. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  39. ^ "Waka Flocka Flame Chart History (Top Rap Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  40. ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 2010". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  41. ^ "Top Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 2011". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  42. ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 2011". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2021.

Read other articles:

Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Republik IndonesiaTahun Anggaran 2023‹ 20222024 ›Diajukan olehPresiden Joko WidodoDiajukan kepadaDewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia periode 2019-2024Disetujui DPR29 September 2022[1]Disahkan Presiden27 Oktober 2022Undang-UndangUU Nomor 28 Tahun 2022Total pendapatanRp2.463,0 triliunTotal belanjaRp3.061,2 triliunDefisitRp598,2 triliun% terhadap PDB-2,84% Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Tahun Anggaran 2023 (disingkat AP...

 

 

Asosiasi Sepak Bola SudanCAFDidirikan1936Kantor pusatKhartoumBergabung dengan FIFA1948Bergabung dengan CAF1957PresidenKamal ShaddadWebsitewww.sudanfootball.net Asosiasi Sepak Bola Sudan (Inggris: Sudan Football Association (SFA)code: en is deprecated , Arab: الإتحاد السوداني لكرة القدمcode: ar is deprecated ) adalah badan pengendali sepak bola di Sudan. Kompetisi Badan ini menyelenggarakan beberapa kompetisi di Sudan, yakni: Liga Utama Sudan Piala Sudan Tim nasional Ba...

 

 

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Bahasa Osing – berita...

Traditional song Fause Foodrage from The Book of British ballads (1842) Fause Foodrage (Child ballad 89,[1] Roud 57) is a Scottish murder ballad of the 17th or 18th century. It was first printed by Walter Scott in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802). Scott cited Elizabeth, Lady Wardlaw as the ballad's probable author. Synopsis Three kings, King Easter (or King of Eastmure), King Wester (or King of Westmure) and King Honor (or King o Luve), are courting a woman; she marries King H...

 

 

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (janvier 2020). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? C...

 

 

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2017年4月) コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク(木栓、�...

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

 

Al-Shabaab-KDF military incident in 2016 2016 Battle of El AddePart of the War in SomaliaPolitical situation in SomaliaDate15 January 2016LocationEl Adde, Gedo, SomaliaResult Major Al-Shabaab victory[2][3][4][5] Kenya Defense Forces temporarily pull out of 3 towns in Gedo Deadliest attack on AMISOM mission to date.[6] El Adde temporarily captured by Al Shabaab, recaptured by KDF four days later.[5]Belligerents Al-Shabaab AMISOM[1] Kenya ...

 

 

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع جون فورد (توضيح). جون فورد (بالإنجليزية: John Ford)‏  فورد عام 1946 معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة جون مارتن فيني الميلاد 1 فبراير 1894(1894-02-01)كيب إليزابيث، مين، الولايات المتحدة الوفاة 31 أغسطس 1973 (79 سنة) [1]بالم ديسيرت، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة سبب الوفا�...

ملك آشور أبياشال ملك آشور فترة الحكمبحدود 2205 ق م — 2192 ق م معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد 3 ألفية ق.م  مواطنة آشور  الأولاد هالي (ملك)  الأب أوشبيا الحياة العملية المهنة حاكم  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   أبياشال ملك آشوري عاش في بداية العصر البرونزي، ورد اسمه في قائمة ملوك آ...

 

 

American lawyer and academic For other people with the surname Goldsmith, see Goldsmith (surname). Jack GoldsmithGoldsmith in 2019United States Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal CounselIn officeOctober 2003 – July 2004PresidentGeorge W. BushPreceded byJay S. BybeeSucceeded byDaniel Levin (acting) Personal detailsBornJack Landman Goldsmith III (1962-09-26) September 26, 1962 (age 61)Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.[1]EducationWashington and Lee University (BA)U...

 

 

British Film InstituteSingkatanBFITanggal pendirian1933TipeFilm, organisasi amal televisiWilayah layanan Britania RayaBahasa resmi InggrisKetua EksekutifAmanda NevillSitus webbfi.org.uk British Film Institute (BFI) adalah sebuah organisasi film dan amal yang mempromosikan dan melindungi pembuatan film dan televisi di Britania Raya. Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai British Film Institute. Situs web resmi Screen Online - Sejarah Film BFI British Film Institute at Google Cu...

Dispatch of Japanese military forces to the Russian Far East Japanese intervention in SiberiaPart of the Russian Civil WarJapanese soldiers in SiberiaDate12 January 1918[1] — 24 June 1922(4 years, 5 months, 1 week and 5 days)LocationFormer Russian EmpireResult Japanese military victory Japanese withdraw from most occupied territories following internal political pressure[2] Japan occupies northern Sakhalin until 1925Belligerents  Russian SFSR Fa...

 

 

Intensive property in mechanics In mechanics, the flexural modulus or bending modulus[1] is an intensive property that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending. It is determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve produced by a flexural test (such as the ASTM D790), and uses units of force per area.[2] The flexural modulus defined using the 2-point (cantilever) and 3-point bend tests assumes a li...

 

 

Kejuaraan Dunia 2007 (musim ke-16) digelar di Kuala Lumpur, ibu kota dari negara tetangga Malaysia, dimulai dari tanggal 13 Agustus hingga berakhir pada tanggal 19 Agustus, 2007. Arena Putra Indoor Stadium, Bukit Jalil Negara yang Berpartisipasi Sebanyak 55 negara ikut berpartisipasi pada kejuaraan ini. Berikut merupakan daftar negara dan jumlah pemain yang diikut-sertakan.  Aljazair (1)  Australia (4)  Austria (3)  Belgia (3)  Belarus (1)  Brasil (4)  Bulga...

Carlo X di FranciaFrançois Gérard, Carlo X con le vesti dell'incoronazione, olio su tela, 1825 circa, Reggia di VersaillesRe di Francia e NavarraStemma In carica16 settembre 1824 –2 agosto 1830(5 anni e 326 giorni) Incoronazione28 maggio 1825, Reims PredecessoreLuigi XVIII SuccessoreLuigi XIX ed Enrico V (non riconosciuti)Luigi Filippo I Nome completoCharles-Philippe de France Altri titoliCoprincipe di AndorraConte di ArtoisDuca di AngoulêmeDuca di Berry NascitaReggi...

 

 

Giải đua ô tô Công thức 1 AnhTrường đua Silverstone(2011–nay)Thông tinSố lần tổ chức79Lần đầu1926Thắng nhiều nhất (tay đua) Lewis Hamilton (9)Thắng nhiều nhất (đội đua) Ferrari (16)Chiều dài đường đua5,891 kmChiều dài cuộc đua306,198 kmSố vòng52Chặng đua gần đây nhất (2024)Vị trí pole George RussellMercedes1:25,819Bục trao giải 1. L. HamiltonMercedes1:22:27,059 2. M. VerstappenRed Bull Racing-Honda RBPT+1,645 3. L....

 

 

1570 treaty between France and the Huguenots For other treaties with this name, see Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (disambiguation). Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-LayePicture of Catherine de'Medici and Charles IX signing the peaceSigned8 August 1570LocationSaint-Germain-en-LayeSignatoriesCharles IX of France Gaspard II de Coligny Jeanne d'AlbretLanguagesFrench The Chateau where the peace was signed vteFrench Wars of Religion First; 1562–1563Conflict in the provinces; Rouen; Vergt; Dreux; Orl�...

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish. (September 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Polish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wik...

 

 

1945 Mongolian independence referendum 20 October 1945 Referendum on the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic from ChinaResults Choice Votes % Yes 487,409 100.00% No 0 0.00% Valid votes 487,409 100.00% Invalid or blank votes 0 0.00% Total votes 487,409 100.00% Registered voters/turnout 494,960 98.47% Pro-independence propaganda (left) and a ballot paper (right)Politics of Mongolia Constitution Human rights Human Rights Commission LGBT rights Constitutional history Parliament State...