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Second generation
Second generation
Overview
Model code	194
Production	2004–2010 (LHD); 2005–2007 (RHD)
Assembly	Cassino – Piedimonte S. Germano (Frosinone), Italy
Designer	Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door wagon
Platform	GM Epsilon platform
Related	Cadillac BLS; Opel Signum; Opel Vectra; Saab 9-3
Powertrain
Transmission	5- and 6-speed manual; 6-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,700 mm (110 in)
Length	4,755 mm (187.2 in); 4,783 mm (188.3 in) (facelift)
Width	1,775 mm (69.9 in)
Height	1,600 mm (63 in)
Chronology
Successor	Fiat Freemont

First generation
First generation
	1989 Fiat Croma
Overview
Model code	154
Production	1985–1996
Assembly	Italy: Mirafiori, Turin
Designer	Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door liftback
Platform	Tipo Quattro
Related	Saab 9000; Lancia Thema; Alfa Romeo 164;
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol:; 1.6 L (1,585 cc) Fiat Twin Cam I4; 2.0 L (1,995 cc) Fiat Twin Cam I4; 2.5 L (2,492 cc) Alfa Romeo V6; Diesel:; 1.9 L (1,929 cc) Fiat 124 Series Turbo-diesel I4; 2.4 L (2,445 cc) Fiat 124 Series I4; 2.5 L (2,499 cc) Iveco Turbo-diesel I4;
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,660 mm (104.7 in)
Length	4,495 mm (177.0 in)
Width	1,755 mm (69.1 in)
Height	1,425 mm (56.1 in)
Curb weight	1,095 kg (2,414 lb) approx
Chronology
Predecessor	Fiat Argenta

Fiat Croma
Fiat Croma
Overview
Manufacturer	Fiat
Production	1985–1996; 2004–2010;
Body and chassis
Class	Large family car (D); MPV (M);
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Chronology
Predecessor	Fiat Argenta (as sedan)
Successor	Fiat Freemont

The Fiat Croma name was used for two distinct large family cars by Fiat, one a five door liftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine-year hiatus, a crossover station wagon manufactured and marketed from 2004 to 2010.

First generation (1985–1996)

The original Croma (Type 154) was a five door notchback liftback styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro of Italdesign using the Type Four platform, cooperatively used with the Saab 9000, Lancia Thema and Alfa Romeo 164.^[2]

Released in December 1985, it was marketed in the large family car segment, replacing the Argenta in the Fiat lineup. The Croma was the first large car produced by Fiat to feature a transverse mounted engine and front wheel drive.^[3]

Facelift

The Croma received a light facelift for 1988, first shown in Frankfurt in September 1987. The black plastic between the rear lamps was now ridged rather than smooth, the lower portion of the bumpers were body coloured, and the turn signals received clear glass rather than amber.^[4]

The front appearance received some other light modifications to bring its appearance in line with that of the recently introduced Tipo.^[5]

A more significant facelift was released in January 1991, with a new front design, including changes to the lights, bumpers, grille and sheet metal changes to wings and bonnet. Also in 1991, the direct injected diesel engine was equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger ("VNT").^[6] Another facelift was released in June 1993.

Production ended in December 1996, and Fiat left the large family car segment. The Bravo/Brava based Marea small family car debuted at the same time as the Croma ceased production.

Engines

The Croma was available with a variety of petrol and diesel engines, most of the petrol units coming from Fiat's Twin Cam engine family.

Base models had a single cam 1,585 cc four-cylinder engine rated at 83 hp (61 kW) and the larger 1,995 cc, "Controlled High Turbulence" (CHT) engine rated at 90 hp (66 kW), followed by two fuel injected 2.0 litre twin cam powerplants, one with 120 hp (88 kW) and the other a turbocharged and intercooled version rated at 155 hp (114 kW).

The later 2.5 L V6 petrol unit was from Alfa Romeo, but as with the 1.6 L engine it was not available in all markets. The 2.0 CHT model was designed specifically to provide low fuel consumption under light and medium loads thanks to two separate inlet manifolds of different diameters.^[7]

The Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world to have a direct injection Diesel (Turbo D i.d.) engine, going on sale in 1988.^[5]^[8] The 1.9 L fitted with a turbocharger with direct injection produces 92 hp (68 kW). It joined the 2,499 cc unit supplied by Iveco, with a normally aspirated version giving 75 hp (55 kW) and a turbocharged one with 115 hp (85 kW). The latter version replaced the original 2,445 cc with 100 hp (74 kW).

Diesel engined variants of the Croma were not marketed in the United Kingdom.

Petrol

Model	Engine	Displacement	Power
1.6	I4 SOHC 8V	1585 cc	83 hp (61 kW)
CHT	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	90 hp (66 kW)
CHT	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	101 hp (74 kW)
i.e.	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	113 hp (83 kW)
i.e.	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	115 hp (85 kW)
i.e.	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	120 hp (88 kW)
i.e. 16V	I4 DOHC 16V	1995 cc	137 hp (101 kW)
i.e. Turbo	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	150 hp (110 kW)
i.e. Turbo	I4 DOHC 8V	1995 cc	155 hp (114 kW)
V6	V6 SOHC 12V	2492 cc	160 hp (118 kW)

Diesel

Model	Engine	Displacement	Power
Turbo D i.d.	I4 SOHC 8V	1929 cc	92 hp (68 kW)
Diesel	I4 SOHC 8V	2499 cc	75 hp (55 kW)
Turbo Diesel	I4 SOHC 8V	2445 cc	100 hp (74 kW)
2500 TD	I4 SOHC 8V	2499 cc	101 hp (74 kW)
2500 TD	I4 SOHC 8V	2499 cc	115 hp (85 kW)
2500 TDE	I4 SOHC 8V	2499 cc	105 hp (77 kW)

Second generation (2005–2010)

In March 2005, Fiat announced a large crossover wagon with an upright tailgate, reminiscent of that of the Fiat Stilo, resurrecting the Croma nameplate. Giugiaro once again styled the exterior, while the chassis was provided via the short-lived link with General Motors.

The new Croma (Type 194) is therefore based on the extended variant of the GM Epsilon platform sharing components with the Opel Vectra, Opel Signum and Saab 9-3. The car was first shown at the Geneva Motor Show in spring 2005 and went on sale in Italy in June of that year.

Aware of its lack of image in the upper market segments, Fiat opted for developing a "Comfort Wagon",^[11] an automobile with design elements of both estates and large MPVs, instead of developing a standard large family car like the previous model.

Its height of 1,600 mm (63.0 in) falls between that of the Mitsubishi Grandis and Ford S-Max large MPVs (1,655 mm (65.2 in) and 1,660 mm (65.4 in) respectively) and SEAT Altea XL (1,525 mm (60.0 in)). In February 2007, Fiat UK announced that the Croma would no longer be generally available in the United Kingdom, after less than 900 were sold in 2005.

The car was still offered, but only on special order, with RHD models manufactured to customer specifications. Production of the second generation Croma ceased at the end of 2010 and the car was replaced by the Dodge-based Fiat Freemont.

Safety

The Croma has seven airbags as standard, including one knee bag for the driver. As standard, the Croma is equipped with anti-lock braking system and electronic brakeforce distribution. It received a five star Euro NCAP crash rating for adult occupant protection:

Euro NCAP test results
Fiat Croma (2008)
Test	Score	Rating
Adult occupant:	34
Child occupant:	39
Pedestrian:	6

Facelift

The Croma got a major facelift in November 2007, and was termed the Nuova Croma. A new grille, Fiat Bravo headlights, a new rear bumper, as well as some material changes inside are the main differences. Fiat now designates the revised model as "Station Wagon" instead of the previously used term "Comfort Wagon".^[12] The Nuova Croma was only sold in mainland Europe, excluding the United Kingdom.

Engines

The Croma, built at Fiat's Cassino factory, had three trim levels and five engine options. Like the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of the Family 1 Ecotec 1.8 L with 140 hp (103 kW), followed by the torquier L850 Ecotec 2.2 L with 147 hp (108 kW).

However, the bulk of the sales is represented by Fiat's own Multijet engine, available in three variants 1.9 L with 8 valves and 120 hp (88 kW), 1.9 L with 16 valves and 150 hp (110 kW), and the range topping, five-cylinder 2.4 L 20V with 200 hp (147 kW). The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six-speed manual gearbox, a six-speed automatic was also available and was standard on the 2.4 engines.

Petrol

Model	Engine	Displacement	Power	Torque
1.8 MPI 16V	DOHC 16V I4	1796 cc	140 hp (103 kW) at 6300 rpm	175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm
2.2 MPI 16V	DOHC 16V I4	2198 cc	147 hp (108 kW) at 5800 rpm	203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm

Diesel

Model	Engine	Displacement	Power	Torque
1.9 MultiJet 8V	SOHC 8V I4	1910 cc	120 hp (88 kW) at 4,000 rpm	280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
1.9 MultiJet 16V	DOHC 16V I4	1910 cc	150 hp (110 kW) at 4,000 rpm	320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
2.4 MultiJet 20V	DOHC 20V I5	2387 cc	200 hp (147 kW) at 4,000 rpm	400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm

References

^ "Curiosidades Tipo". Fiat Tipo Portugal. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
^ "Octane Model Specs". Classicandperformancecar.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^ Autocar Test Update 19 August 1987
^ Baghetti, Giancarlo (17 December 1987). "Che diesel volete?" [Which diesel do you want?]. Auto Oggi (in Italian). 2 (54). Verona, Italy: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore: 19.
^ ^a ^b Mastrostefano, Raffaele, ed. (January 1989). "Le nostre "stelle"" [Our "stars"]. Quattroruote (in Italian). Vol. 34, no. 399. Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. pp. 90–91.
^ "Turbo Pioneer". honeywell.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
^ Letrou, Jean-Claude (January 1986). "Fiat Croma: En quête d'image" [On a quest for image]. L'Automobile Magazine (in French). Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: Societé des Editions Techniques et Touristiques de France: 34. ISSN 0758-6957.
^ "Air technologies - Heritage". fiat.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013.
^ "FIAT ePER VIN: ZFA19400002000003". pekidi.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
^ "Fiat Croma uit productie; het einde van een tijdperk". autoedizione.nl (in Dutch). 17 January 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
^ Car Reviews: First Drives: Fiat Croma - Autoexpress
^ "Nuova Fiat Croma". italiaspeed.com. Retrieved 13 November 2007.