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Fianelite
Fianelite
General
Category	Vanadate
Formula; (repeating unit)	Mn2V(V,As)O7 · 2H2O
IMA symbol	Fnl
Strunz classification	08.FC.05
Crystal system	Monoclinic
Crystal class	2/m
Space group	P21/n
Unit cell	a = 7.809;Å, b = 14.554;Å ; c = 6.705 Å, β = 93.27(3)◦
Identification
Color	Orange-Red
Crystal habit	Platy
Twinning	None observed
Cleavage	Good on {001} and {100}
Mohs scale hardness	3
Luster	Vitreous
Diaphaneity	Transparent
Specific gravity	3.22 gm/cc
Density	3.21 g/cm3
Refractive index	1.85±0.02
Birefringence	δ=1.820
Dispersion	Good
References

Fianelite is a mineral belonging to the manganese vanadate category, found in iron-manganese ores. Named after the place where it was found, Fianel, a mine located in Val Ferrera (Ferrera valley), in the canton of Graubünden, Swiss. This mineral is found in small amounts in metamorphosed iron-manganese ores. This is the last crystallization of vanadate at the site since medaite was the last vanadate mineral being crystallized, but because of retrograde metamorphism, occurring at the place, vanadium moved into medaite veinlets, forming cross-cutting fianelite on medaite.^[2]

Occurrence

This mineral is found in the Suretta nappe which is composed of three main units going from a quartzite base to dolomitic and calcitic marble, to a calcschist top. Fianelite is only found at the Triassic dolomitic and calcitic marbles unit which contains metamorphosed iron and manganese ores. Fianelite is found as small fractures of less than 1 mm in size in association with quartz, aegirine, and iron hydroxide-oxides like limonite. These fractures are found cross-cutting veinlets, which are made out of quartz, rhodonite, kutnohorite, aegirine, parsettensite, and different vanadium minerals, that are at the same time cross-cutting lenses of medaite-rich rocks which are found in the iron and manganese ores.^[5]^[2]

Physical properties

Fianelite's crystals grow in polycrystalline crusts and rosettes that can measure up to 2.5 mm in diameter, and when strangely found as single crystals, they can measure up to 0.2 mm in diameter. It presents good parallel cleavage on {001} and {100}. The single crystals resent a platy habit and striations parallel to the a-axis. VHN values were measured and used to determine a Mohs hardness of approximately 3.^[2]

Optical properties

Fianelite is an orange-red mineral with a vitreous luster and orange streak. Its crystals are transparent with striations parallel to the a-axis. The crystals are biaxial, so they have two optic axes meaning that they will split light rays into two. The angle between the two optic axes is less than 10°. It shows a strong pleochroism on (010) displaying different colors from yellow to red.^[2]

Chemical properties

The empirical formula for fianelite is Mn_1.98(V_1.57As_0.44Si_0.01)O₇·2H₂O. Manganese dioxide (MnO₆) and manganese trioxide (MnO₂O₆) are found in chains of octahedrons that are connected by two tetrahedrons of orthovanadate (VO₄), from which one of them bonds with arsenic.^[2]

Chemical composition

Oxide	Wt%
V₂O₅	38.23
As₂O₅	13.57
SiO₂	0.12
MnO	37.49
Total	89.41
H₂O	9.64
Total	99.05

^[2]

X-ray crystallography

Fianelite belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P2₁/n. The unit cell dimensions are a = 7.809(2) b = 14.554(4) c = 6.705(4) β = 93.27(3)◦ Z=4

d-spacing	Intensity	hkl
3.039	100	022
5.32	80	120
2.721	60	231
1.593	60	163
3.436	50	220
3.259	50	012
2.573	50	212
2.444	50	320

^[2]

References

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Joel, Brugger, Peter, Berlepsch; Description and crystal structure of fianelite, Mn₂V(V,As)O₇.2H₂O, a new mineral from Fianel, Val Ferrera, Graubunden, Switzerland. American Mineralogist 1996; 81 (9-10): 1270–1276. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1996-9-1025.
^ "Fianelite". Mindat.org.
^ "Fianelite". webmineral.com.
^ Stampfli, Gérard & Mosar, Jon & Marquer, Didier & Marchant, Robin & Baudin, Thierry & Borel, G.. (1998). Subduction and obduction processes in the Swiss Alps. Tectonophysics. 296. 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00142-5.