Founded in 1921, the club changed its name several times in its early stages, being known as Soko, BSK and finally HŠK (during the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia).[2] They adopted the new name Jedinstvo following the end of World War II in 1946, becoming a member of the Novi Sad Football Association.[2] After competing in the Srem League for six years, the club joined the Belgrade Football Association in 1952.[2] They would change their name to Bežanija ahead of the 1955–56 season.[2]
Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the club won the Serbian League Belgrade in 2000 and took promotion to the Second League of FR Yugoslavia, reaching the second tier for the first time ever. They competed in Group North for two seasons, finishing bottom of the table in 2002.[3] However, the club instantly won the Serbian League Belgrade to earn promotion back to the second tier in 2003.[3]
After suffering relegation in the 2007–08 Serbian SuperLiga, the club went on to spend 11 consecutive seasons in the Serbian First League, finishing in fourth place on three occasions during this time. They were forced to withdraw from the league due to financial difficulties following the conclusion of the 2018–19 season,[6] finding themselves in the Belgrade Intermunicipal League, the sixth tier of Serbian football. In June 2021, the club marked its 100th anniversary.[7]