Exerkine

An exerkine is a signaling molecule released in response to exercise that helps mediate systemic adaptations to exercise.[1]

Background

Exerkines come in many forms, including hormones, metabolites, proteins and nucleic acids; are synthesized and secreted from a broad variety of tissues and cell types; and exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways.[2] These effects are thought to underly much of the health benefits of exercise in terms of enhanced resilience, healthspan and longevity.[1][2]

The study of exerkines is the focus of the field of exercise endocrinology.[3] Though the existence of exerkines had been speculated about as early as the 1960s,[4] the identification of the first exerkine, IL-6, which is secreted from contracting muscles, didn't occur until 2000.[5] In 2012 a new exerkine, irisin, was discovered and found to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure,[6] attracting significant scientific and public attention to the field.[7][8][9][10] To date many thousands of potential exerkines have been identified,[11][12] though only a limited number have been studied in any depth. Research is ongoing to understand how they function individually and in concert.[3]

Etymology

The word 'exerkine' was coined in 2016 by Mark Tarnopolsky and colleagues, based on a combination of the beginning of 'exercise' and the beginning of κίνησις (kínēsis, Ancient Greek for 'movement').[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Safdar, A; Saleem, A; Tarnopolsky, MA (September 2016). "The potential of endurance exercise-derived exosomes to treat metabolic diseases". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 12 (9): 504–517. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.76. PMID 27230949. S2CID 19695296.
  2. ^ a b Chow, LS; Gerszten, RE; Taylor, JM; Pedersen, BK; van Praag, H; Trappe, S; Febbraio, MA; Galis, ZS; Gao, Y; Haus, JM; Lanza, IR; Lavie, CJ; Lee, CH; Lucia, A; Moro, C; Pandey, A; Robbins, JM; Stanford, KI; Thackray, AE; Villeda, S; Watt, MJ; Xia, A; Zierath, JR; Goodpaster, BH; Snyder, MP (May 2022). "Exerkines in health, resilience and disease". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 18 (5): 273–289. doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2. PMC 9554896. PMID 35304603.
  3. ^ a b Hackney, AC; Elliott-Sale, KJ (September 2021). "Exercise Endocrinology: 'What Comes Next?'". Endocrines. 2 (3): 167–170. doi:10.3390/endocrines2030017. PMC 8294195. PMID 34308413.
  4. ^ Goldstein, MS (May 1961). "Humoral nature of the hypoglycemic factor of muscular work". Diabetes. 10 (3): 232–234. doi:10.2337/diab.10.3.232. PMID 13706674.
  5. ^ Steensberg, A; van Hall, G; Osada, T; Sacchetti, M; Saltin, B; Klarlund Pedersen, B (15 November 2000). "Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6". The Journal of Physiology. 529 Pt 1 (Pt 1): 237–242. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00237.x. PMC 2270169. PMID 11080265.
  6. ^ Boström, P; Wu, J; Jedrychowski, MP; Korde, A; Ye, L; Lo, JC; Rasbach, KA; Boström, EA; Choi, JH; Long, JZ; Kajimura, S; Zingaretti, MC; Vind, BF; Tu, H; Cinti, S; Højlund, K; Gygi, SP; Spiegelman, BM (11 January 2012). "A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis". Nature. 481 (7382): 463–468. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..463B. doi:10.1038/nature10777. PMC 3522098. PMID 22237023.
  7. ^ Reynolds, Gretchen (11 Jan 2012). "Exercise Hormone May Fight Obesity and Diabetes". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  8. ^ Reynolds, Gretchen (12 Oct 2016). "How Exercise May Turn White Fat Into Brown". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  9. ^ Reynolds, Gretchen (16 Jan 2019). "How Exercise May Help Keep Our Memory Sharp". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  10. ^ Reynolds, Gretchen (25 Aug 2021). "How Exercise May Help Keep Our Memory Sharp". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  11. ^ Whitham, M; Parker, BL; Friedrichsen, M; Hingst, JR; Hjorth, M; Hughes, WE; Egan, CL; Cron, L; Watt, KI; Kuchel, RP; Jayasooriah, N; Estevez, E; Petzold, T; Suter, CM; Gregorevic, P; Kiens, B; Richter, EA; James, DE; Wojtaszewski, JFP; Febbraio, MA (9 January 2018). "Extracellular Vesicles Provide a Means for Tissue Crosstalk during Exercise". Cell Metabolism. 27 (1): 237–251.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.001. PMID 29320704.
  12. ^ Contrepois, K; Wu, S; Moneghetti, KJ; Hornburg, D; Ahadi, S; Tsai, MS; Metwally, AA; Wei, E; Lee-McMullen, B; Quijada, JV; Chen, S; Christle, JW; Ellenberger, M; Balliu, B; Taylor, S; Durrant, MG; Knowles, DA; Choudhry, H; Ashland, M; Bahmani, A; Enslen, B; Amsallem, M; Kobayashi, Y; Avina, M; Perelman, D; Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose, SM; Zhou, W; Ashley, EA; Montgomery, SB; Chaib, H; Haddad, F; Snyder, MP (28 May 2020). "Molecular Choreography of Acute Exercise". Cell. 181 (5): 1112–1130.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.043. PMC 7299174. PMID 32470399.

Read other articles:

Balilihan, Bohol

Peta menunjukan lokasi Balilihan Balilihan adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Bohol, Filipina. Pada tahun 2007, munisipalitas ini memiliki populasi sebesar 18.380 jiwa. Pembagian wilayah Balilihan terbagi menjadi 31 barangay, yaitu: Baucan Norte Baucan Sur Boctol Boyog Norte Boyog Proper Boyog Sur Cabad Candasig Cantalid Cantomimbo Cogon Datag Norte Datag Sur Del Carmen Este (Pob.) Del Carmen Norte (Pob.) Del Carmen Weste (Pob.) Del Carmen Sur (Pob.) Del Rosario Dorol Haguilanan G...

 

شارل العاشر ملك فرنسا

ملك فرنسا شارل العاشر (بالفرنسية: Charles X)‏  ملك فرنسا فترة الحكم16 سبتمبر 1824 - 2 أغسطس 1830 لويس الثامن عشر لويس التاسع عشر (متنازع عليه) هنري الخامس (متنازع عليه) لويس فيليب الأول معلومات شخصية الميلاد 9 أكتوبر 1757(1757-10-09)فرساي،  مملكة فرنسا الوفاة 6 نوفمبر 1836 (79 سنة)غوريتسيا، ا...

 

Side Show (film)

1931 film Side ShowDirected byRoy Del RuthWritten byArthur CaesarRay EnrightStory byWilliam K. WellsStarringWinnie LightnerCharles ButterworthEvalyn KnappDonald CookGuy KibbeeCinematographyDevereaux JenningsEdited byJames GibbonMusic byLeo F. ForbsteinProductioncompanyWarner Bros.Distributed byWarner Bros.Release date September 19, 1931 (1931-09-19) Running time66 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Side Show is a 1931 American pre-Code musical comedy drama film directed...

Toceranib

Chemical compound used in the treatment of tumors ToceranibClinical dataTrade namesPalladiaAHFS/Drugs.comVeterinary UseLicense data US DailyMed: Toceranib Routes ofadministrationBy mouthDrug classAntineoplastic agentATCvet codeQL01EX90 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status CA: ℞-only US: ℞-only Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailability77%Protein binding91%-93%Elimination half-life16 hIdentifiers IUPAC name 5-[(5Z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,...

 

Herri Batasuna

1978–2001 Basque nationalist coalition in Spain You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Basque. (May 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not...

 

Frank Erwin Center

Arena in Texas, United States Frank Erwin CenterThe DrumFull nameFrank C. Erwin Jr. Special Events CenterFormer namesSpecial Events CenterAddress1701 Red River StreetLocationAustin, TexasCoordinates30°16′37″N 97°43′56″W / 30.2770°N 97.7322°W / 30.2770; -97.7322OwnerUniversity of Texas at AustinOperatorUniversity of Texas at AustinCapacity17,900 (center stage) (concert)16,540 (basketball, 2013-present)7,820 (theatre)Record attendanceJohn Denver 17,829Su...

Naine brune

Gliese 2290B (au milieu des deux vues), à gauche : vue de l'observatoire du Mont Palomar, à droite : Télescope spatial Hubble (NASA). Une naine brune est, d'après la définition provisoire adoptée, en 2003, par l'Union astronomique internationale, un objet substellaire dont la vraie masse est inférieure à la masse minimale nécessaire à la fusion thermonucléaire de l'hydrogène mais supérieure à celle nécessaire à la fusion thermonucléaire du deutérium[1], corresponda...

 

Samuel Morse

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Samuel Morse – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Samuel Morse (1791-1872) Untuk tokoh perkeretaapian Amerika Serikat, lihat Samuel Morse Fenton. Samuel Finley Breese Morse adalah seorang ...

 

Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo

Wimberly Allison Tong & GooJenisPerusahaan swastaIndustriArsitekturDidirikan1945KantorpusatIrvineSitus webwww.watg.com Wimberly, Allison, Tong & Goo, atau juga dikenal sebagai WATG, adalah sebuah biro arsitek yang memiliki kantor di London, Singapura, Istanbul, Honolulu, Irvine, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle, dan Chicago.[1] Biro ini telah merancang proyek di 160 negara yang tersebar di enam benua.[2][3] Sejarah George ‘Pete’ Wimberly dan Howard L. Cook mu...

贝蒂诺·克拉克西

贝内德托·贝蒂诺·克拉克西Bettino Craxi第45任意大利总理任期1983年8月4日—1987年4月17日总统亚历山德罗·佩尔蒂尼 弗朗切斯科·科西加副职阿纳尔多·福拉尼前任阿明托雷·范范尼继任阿明托雷·范范尼 个人资料出生(1934-02-24)1934年2月24日伦巴第米兰逝世2000年1月19日(2000歲—01—19)（65歲）突尼斯哈马麦特国籍意大利政党意大利社会党儿女Bobo、Stefania 克拉克西在突尼斯的墓地。 �...

 

1900年美國總統選舉

1900年美國總統選舉 ← 1896 1900年11月6日 1904 → 447張選舉人票獲勝需224張選舉人票投票率73.2%[1] ▼ 6.1 %   获提名人 威廉·麥金利 威廉·詹寧斯·布賴恩 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 俄亥俄州 內布拉斯加州 竞选搭档 西奧多·羅斯福 阿德萊·史蒂文森一世 选举人票 292 155 胜出州/省 28 17 民選得票 7,228,864 6,370,932 得票率 51.6% 45.5% 總統選舉結果地圖，紅色代表�...

 

Дунайская военная флотилия

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Дунайская флотилия. Дунайская военная флотилия Годы существования 1940—19411944—1960 Страна  СССР Входит в  Черноморский флот СССР (1940—1941), ВМФ СССР (1944—1960) Тип военная флотилия Дислокация Измаил Участие в Великая �...

Pirlindole

Chemical compound PirlindoleClinical dataTrade namesPirazidolRoutes ofadministrationOralATC codenoneLegal statusLegal status In general: ℞ (Prescription only) Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailability20–30%Protein binding95%MetabolismhepaticOnset of action2 to 8 hoursElimination half-lifeup to 8 days [1]Excretionurine (50–70%), feces (25–45%)Identifiers IUPAC name 8-methyl-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-pyrazino[3,2,1-jk]carbazole CAS Number60762-57-4PubChem CID68802IUPHAR/BPS6...

 

Teh Kew San

Teh Kew SanInformasi pribadiKebangsaanMalaysiaLahir26 Januari 1935 (umur 89)[1]Penang, MalayaPeganganKanan Rekam medali Bulutangkis Mewakili  Malaysia Piala Thomas Jakarta 1967 Beregu putra Singapura 1958 Beregu putra Pesta Olahraga Asia Bangkok 1966 Ganda campuran Jakarta 1962 Tunggal putra Bangkok 1966 Beregu putra Jakarta 1962 Beregu putra Kejuaraan Asia Kuala Lumpur 1962 Tunggal putra Kuala Lumpur 1962 Beregu putra Lucknow 1965 Beregu putra Kuala Lumpur 1962 Ganda putra...

 

R. G. D. Allen

British economist (1906–1983) Sir Roy George Douglas AllenCBEAllen in 1978Born(1906-06-03)3 June 1906Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, EnglandDied29 September 1983(1983-09-29) (aged 77)[1]Southwold, Suffolk, EnglandAlma materUniversity of CambridgeKnown forPartial elasticity of substitutionAwardsGuy Medal (gold, 1978)Scientific careerFieldsStatisticsInstitutionsLondon School of Economics Sir Roy George Douglas Allen, CBE, FBA (3 June 1906 – 29 September 1983) was an En...

مغالطة التزامن

مغالطة التزامن (تُعرف أيضاً باسم مشكلة ليندا) هي مغالطة رسمية تحدُث عند افتراض أن شروطًا معينة احتمالية حدوثها أكثر من شرٍط واحٍد عام. التعريف والمثال الاساسي المثال اللذي يُستشهَدُ به كثيرًا لهذه المغالطة نشأ مع اموس تفيرسكي ودانيل كاهنيمان.[1][2] على الرغم من أن ا�...

 

Skanderbeg (steamboat)

This article is about the steamboat. For other uses, see Skanderbeg (disambiguation). Skanderbeg History NameSkanderbeg Owner Lloyd, Trieste Tef Curani, agent of Lloyd at Shkoder Lloyd Triestino, Trieste Jadransko-Skadarska Plovidba, Lipovik (1924–1942) Royal Italian Army Yugoslav Partisans RouteRijeka Crnojevića — Shkoder (1924–1942) BuilderTrieste Completed1914 or 1916 In service1914–1942 FateSunk by Yugoslav Partisans in Skadar Lake General characteristics TypePaddle steamer Tonna...

 

北京地铁燕房线

北京地铁燕房线行驶在马各庄-大石河东区间的燕房线 DKZ76 型列车（2023年12月）概覽运营範圍 中国北京市房山区服務類型地铁所屬系統北京地铁目前狀況运营中起點站阎村东終點站燕山（主线）/ 周口店镇（支线，搁置）系統代號M25南线技術數據路線結構高架路線長度14.4 km（8.9 mi）（主线）最高速度80公里/小时正線數目2条車站數目9座軌距1,435毫米（標準軌）電氣...

War Delegation

Politics of Sweden Basic Laws Instrument of Government Act of Succession Freedom of the Press Act Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression Monarchy King (list): Carl XVI Gustaf Crown Princess: Victoria Royal family Royal Court Marshal of the Realm: Fredrik Wersäll Executive Government: Kristersson cabinet Prime Minister (list): Ulf Kristersson Deputy Prime Minister: Ebba Busch Government offices Ministries Government agencies Legislature Riksdag Speaker: Andreas Norlén Deputy Speakers 1st �...

 

アレックス・カブレラ

この存命人物の記事には検証可能な出典が不足しています。 信頼できる情報源の提供に協力をお願いします。存命人物に関する出典の無い、もしくは不完全な情報に基づいた論争の材料、特に潜在的に中傷・誹謗・名誉毀損あるいは有害となるものはすぐに除去する必要があります。出典検索?: アレックス・カブレラ – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー&#...