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Mottlecah
	Eucalyptus macrocarpa between Brookton and Corrigin
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Eucalyptus
Species:	E. macrocarpa
Binomial name
	Eucalyptus macrocarpa; Hook.
	E. macrocarpa, field distribution

Eucalyptus macrocarpa, commonly known as mottlecah,^[2] is a species of mallee that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, usually sessile, heart-shaped adult leaves arranged in opposite pairs, large red flowers and broad conical fruit.

Description

Eucalyptus macrocarpa is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 0.5–8 m (1 ft 8 in – 26 ft 3 in), has a sprawling or spreading habit, and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, shiny, brownish over salmon-pink bark. Its crown is composed of juvenile leaves that are sessile, arranged in opposite pairs, heart-shaped with the bases wrapped around the stem, glaucous, 55–85 mm (2.2–3.3 in) long and 35–50 mm (1.4–2.0 in) wide. The flower buds are glaucous and are arranged singly in leaf axils on a peduncle 1–7 mm (0.039–0.276 in) long and a pedicel up to 5 mm (0.20 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 40–55 mm (1.6–2.2 in) long and 25–30 mm (0.98–1.18 in) wide with a beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from August to January or April or June and the flowers are red, or rarely, creamy white. The fruit is a sessile, woody, broadly conical capsule 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long and 33–45 mm (1.3–1.8 in) wide with the valves protruding above the rim of the fruit.^[3]^[4]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus macrocarpa was first formally described in 1842 by William Jackson Hooker from a specimen collected by James Drummond from the "guangan". The description was published in Hooker's book, Icones Plantarum.^[5]^[6] In Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Hooker noted "[t]he colour of the flowers is due to the stamens alone; for petals (as in the genus) there are none, and the calyx falls off like the lid of a box". He also noted that "the bright red flowers nestled among the leaves, for a very striking object", and that indigenous people called it "morral".^[7]

The specific epithet is derived from the ancient Greek words makros (μακρός) meaning "long" and karpos (καρπός) meaning "fruit".^[8] Noongar peoples know the tree as mottlecar.^[9]^[10]

In 1993, Ian Brooker and Stephen Hopper described two subspecies and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha Brooker & Hopper ^[11] has smaller leaves, buds and fruit than subspecies macrocarpa;^[12]^[13]
Eucalyptus macrocarpa Hook. subsp. macrocarpa.^[14] The name elachantha is derived from the ancient Greek words elachys meaning "small" and anthos meaning "flower".^[15]^: 356^[16]

Distribution and habitat

Mottlecah grows in sand in undulating heath between Eneabba, Cataby and Kulin. Subspecies elachantha has a more restricted distribution south-east of Geraldton.^[4]^[17]

Conservation status

Subspecies macrocarpa is classified as "not threatened",^[2] but subspecies elachantha is classified as "Priority Four" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife,^[2] meaning that is rare or near threatened.^[13]^[18]

Use in horticulture

Eucalyptus macrocarpa is easily grown from seed, but requires good drainage and a dry, frost-free climate. It was raised from seed in 1842 at Kew Gardens and flowered in 1847.^[7]^[17]

E.macrocarpa x pyrformis
E. macrocarpa, as figured by Walter Hood Fitch in 1847.

References

^ "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
^ "Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". APNI. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ Hooker, William Jackson (1842). Icones Plantarum Volume 5. London: Lomgman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green etc. pp. 405–407. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ ^a ^b Hooker, William Jackson (1847). "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 73: Tab. 4333. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
^ "Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
^ Vivienne Hansen; John Horsfall (2016). Noongar Bush Medicine. Crawley: UWA Publishing. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-74258-906-0. Wikidata Q113330855.
^ "Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ Brooker, M. Ian H.; Hopper, Stephen (1993). "New series, subseries, species and subspecies of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) from Western Australia and from South Australia". Nuytsia. 9 (137–38). Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
^ "Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. ISBN 9780958034180.
^ "Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
^ ^a ^b "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 22 September 2019.