Emeryk August Hutten-Czapski

Count Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, Rome,1978

Emeryk August, Count Hutten-Czapski (born 21 August 1897 in Stankow, Minsk Governorate, died 31 January 1979 in Rome, Italy),[1] was a Polish aristocrat, politician, military officer, diplomat and Bailiff of the Polish Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Emeryk August Hutten-Czapski, descended from a long line of nobles who contributed much to Poland's political and cultural life.[2] His father was Count Karol Hutten-Czapski (1860–1904), President of Minsk, and his mother was Maria Leontyna Pusłowska (1870–1965). His grandfather was Count Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, renowned collector and numismatist, founder of The Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum in Kraków. Emeryk was adopted by a second cousin twice removed, Count Bogdan Hutten-Czapski, who had no issue, was very wealthy, and was a prominent and controversial figure in Polish politics. Józef Czapski, the painter, and Maria Czapska, the writer, were his first cousins. Emeryk had two sisters: Elżbieta (1895–1930) married to Count Aleksander Piotr Mohl, and Fabianna (1895–1974), married to Józef Godlewski.[3][4][5]

Life before the War

Hutten-Czapski coat of arms

Hutten-Czapski lost his father in 1904, when he was seven years old.[6] He was sent to boarding school at the Benedictine boarding school in Ettal, Bavaria, Germany.[3][7] After graduation he studied law at the university in St Petersburg. In 1919 he worked for the Hoover Food Mission of the American Relief Administration in Warsaw, and in 1920 he was placed in charge of the religious and ethnic affairs of Minsk.[3][7] After this he worked in administration at the headquarters of the Fourth Army under General Leonard Skierski.[3] From 1921 to 1923 he was named Starosta of the town of Stowbtsy.[8] In 1922 three bombs were thrown into his bedroom, only one exploded, and he survived the assassination attempt.[7] He settled on his Synkowicze estate, near the district of Słonim. He was very active in community affairs. From 1925 to 1931 he was involved in the Landowners Association. From 1933 to 1939 he was adviser to the Board of Agriculture of Vilnius.[3][7] He represented the Nowogródek Voivodeship, as deputy in the Sejm (Parliament),[3][8][9] for two terms, between 1930 and 1935.[10][11] He was involved in various other associations and economic trade delegations and commissions.[8][12] He was accepted into the Polish Knights of Malta in 1932.

Activities During the War

When the Russians invaded Poland on September 17, 1939, Hutten-Czapski fled to France, and worked with the Polish Government in Angers.[10] When the Germans invaded France, Czapski became a delegate of the Polish Red Cross (1940–1943).[10] He then moved to North Africa where he lent support to fleeing Polish soldiers trying to get to England, helped protect the Polish gold reserves that had been sent to Dakar, and headed the diplomatic mission in Algiers as Consul General until he was replaced by Kajetan Morowski.[13][12] He was named Head of the Refugee Department.[14] In 1943 he was transferred to London, to work for the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[10][15] In 1944 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the army, and transferred as political adviser, to the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force.[16] In 1945 he was embedded with the 2nd Regiment of the 1st Armoured Division (Poland) under the command of general Stanisław Maczek which fought in the Falaise Pocket and crossed the Rhine into Germany.[17] He was part of the patrol that liberated the Polish women of the Home Army who had fought in the Warsaw Uprising, and were interned in the Oberlangen prison camp. For participating in this action he was awarded the Cross of Valour (Poland).[18] He visited the Dachau, and the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camps, and informed the Cardinal Primate, August Hlond, of the clergy that had survived. In Nuremberg he located the famous Veit Stoss altarpiece in Kraków, that had been stolen by the Germans from the St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków.[19][20][21] He was named delegate to General Władysław Anders High Commission[10] of the II Corps (Poland) in Italy, and when the war ended he settled in Rome.[3][22]

Rome

Hutten-Czapski helped many Polish soldiers, stranded in Italy, to get to England. In 1948, and until 1975, he served as President of the Polish Knights of Malta.[23] He also served as Bailiff (chivalric orders), as well as Chancellor of the World Organization of the Order of Malta.[24] Since 1968 he administered the Hospice of the Knights of Malta in Rome.[25][26] He was chairman of a foundation which granted scholarships to Polish academics in the field of science.[27][8] In 1972 he created a fund, which purchased all the marble required, to help with the reconstruction the Royal Castle in Warsaw.[3][28] Czapski regularly attended mass at Santo Stanislao dei Polacchi.[28] He was very close to the Holy See and knew Pope Pius XII, Pope John XXIII, Paul VI, and was friendly with Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, who became Pope Paul II, the first Polish Pope, a year before Emeryk passed away.[29]

Like his grandfather, Hutten-Czapski was a great collector of Polonica. He constantly travelled around Europe visiting auction houses and antiquarians. He collected many items, principally related to Poland, and his passion was books, old maps and city views.[30] He became a recognized collector, and he bequeathed to the Czpaski Museum in Cracow a collection of precious books and maps.[31] Czapski made a two volume catalogue of his Polish map collection in 1978.[32][33][34] After his death, his heirs sold his remaining collection of maps to the Polish state.[28]

Hutten-Czapski died in January 1979. He was buried in the Prima Porta cemetery in Rome next to his mother, Maria Leontyna Czpaska, who had died in 1965.[35]

Decorations

References

  1. ^ "Emeryk August Wojciech hr. Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa". Sejm-Wielki.pl. Marek Jerzy Minakowski.
  2. ^ Kocojowa, Maria (1978). Dedicated to the Relics of My Country Saved from the World's Storms, The Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum (Translated to English by Zofia Mohl and Therese Dayton ed.). Krakow: Wydawnictwo Literackie. p. 8.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "August Emeric Hutten-Czapski". raz.nowaruda. One Two Three Four. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  4. ^ "Elżbieta hr. Hutten-Czapska h. Leliwa". Sejm-Wielki.pl. Marek Jerzy Minakowski.
  5. ^ "Fabiana Maria El hr. Hutten-Czapska h. Leliwa". Marek Jerzy Minakowski.
  6. ^ "Karol Jan Aleksander hr. Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa". sejm-wielki.
  7. ^ a b c d Association of Friends of the Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum. "Emeric Hutten-Czapski jr". web archive. Archived from the original on 2014-06-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ a b c d Borowski, Edward (1986). Emeryk Hutten Czapski 1897-1979:Biographical sketch and memories. London: Oficyna Poetów i Malarzy. ISBN 9780948668302.
  9. ^ Chris Cook Bob Moore, Tim Kirk (1989-06-12). Sources in European Political History: Volume 2: Diplomacy and International Affairs. Springer (1989). p. 35. ISBN 9781349050987.
  10. ^ a b c d e Polish Senate Library. "Hutten-Czapski Emeryk 1897-1979". sejm. Biblioteka Sejmowa.
  11. ^ Narodowe Archivum Cyfrowe. "The meeting of the budget committee in Parliament on the budget of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (1932)". audiovis. National Digital Archive.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Czubik, Leszek. "A Biography of Count Emeryk Hutten Czapski" (PDF). wayback library. University of Toronto Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  13. ^ Ciechanowski, Jan, ed. (2005). Intelligence Co-Operation Between Poland and Great Britain During World War II. Warsaw: Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwoẃ Państwowych. p. 614. ISBN 9788389115379.
  14. ^ Szajkowski, Zosa (1975). Jews and the French Foreign Legion. Ktav Publishing House, Incorporated. p. 113. ISBN 9780870682704.
  15. ^ The London Gazette April 14, 1944. "Poland – Official Staffs of the Members of the Government" (PDF). thegazette.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Strzembosz, Adam (1995). The Republic of Poland during the war : Official Gazette of the Republic of Poland and the Polish Monitor 1939-1945. Digitalized by the University of Michigan: editor: Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert. p. 46.
  17. ^ Stefan.P21. "August Emeric Hutten-Czapski". grazyna-wie. Moja Żona Wie Lepiej (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-07-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Janicki, Lukasz. "To Rome with Love". akcentpismo. Akcent (2015).
  19. ^ Purple Ninja. "'A Miracle in Wood' the story of St Mary's altar in Krakow". indcatholicnews. Independent Catholic News (2016).
  20. ^ Dlugosz, Steve. "Veit Stoss' altarpiece described as a one-of-a-kind splendor in Krakow basilica". ampoleagle. The Am-Pol Eagle.
  21. ^ Kudelski, Robert. "The Wartime Fate of the Veit Stoss Altarpiece – The American Episode". dzielautracone. Wydzial Strat Wojennych.
  22. ^ "Emeric Hutten-Czapski Jr". web archive. Society of Friends of the Emeryk Hutten.Czapski Museum. Archived from the original on 2014-06-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  23. ^ Association of Polish Knights of Malta. "The Order of Malta in Poland". apkmuk.com.
  24. ^ Polish Order of Malta. "Emeryk Hutten-Czapski". zakonmaltanski. Zakon Maltanksi. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  25. ^ Lange, Tadeusz Wojciech (1999). Hospitallers, the Hospitallers, Knights of Malta. Bellona: Wydawn house. p. 169. ISBN 9788311089709.
  26. ^ Janicki, Lukasz. "To Rome with Love". akcentpismo. akcent(2015).
  27. ^ Polish Academy of Sciences (1958). Rebirth in Poland: Materials Sciences Scientific Sessions Oct. 25-30. 1953, Volumen 5 (Digitalized by the University of Wisconsin ed.). Editor: Bogusław Leśnodorski. p. 232.
  28. ^ a b c Broz, Adam. "Emeryk Hutten Czpapski jr: Memoires of a Secretary" (PDF). bazhum muzhp. Pau Science History Committee(2014).
  29. ^ Czubik, Leszek. "A Biography of Count Emeryk Hutten Czapski" (PDF). wayback library. University of Toronto Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  30. ^ Widacka, Hanna. "Portrait of queen Marie Casimire". wilanow palac. Museum of King Jan III's Palace in Wilanów.
  31. ^ Lamenski, Lechoslaw. "Portrait of Artists from the collection of adam Broz". magazyn. Magazyn.o.pl(2015).
  32. ^ "Emeryk August Wojciech Hutten-Czapski (1897-1979)". data.bnf.fr. Bibliotheque Nationale de France.
  33. ^ Hutten-Czapski, Emeryk (1978). Katalog dawnych map Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w kolekcji Emeryka Hutten Czapskiego i w innych zbiorach. Wroclaw, Poland: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich(1978).
  34. ^ Bibliotheque Nacionale de France. "Emeryk August Wojciech Hutten-Czapski (1897-1979)". data.bnf. BNF.
  35. ^ "Marią Leontyną Leontyna Pusłowską". Geni.
  36. ^ Official Gazette of Polish Government (in Exile). "Communication Awards of Gold Cross of Merit" (PDF). Polish Government Nr 1 February 28, 1945 (page 7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-22. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  37. ^ a b c Jerzy Baranowski , Marcin Libicki , Andrzej Rottermund , Maria Starnawska (2000). Zakon Maltański w Polsce (The Polish Order of Malta). Poland: DiG (2000). ISBN 8371810474.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Bibliography

  • Memoires, Fabianna Godlewska, 1994. Edited by Marie-Christine and Karol Godlewski.
  • A Family of Central Europe: Through the storm, Maria Czapska; [translated from the French by Alasdair Lean], Published by Kraków; Buenos Aires: Wyd. Znak and Czapski (eds.). ISBN 9788324029891.
  • The Nobility of Poland, Puslowski Xavier Jon, 2011. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781456488338.