Ellimmichthys
Extinct genus of fishes
Ellimmichthys is an extinct genus of freshwater clupeomorph fish belonging to the order Ellimmichthyiformes , of which it is the type genus . It was a distant relative of modern herrings and anchovies .[ 1] It inhabited freshwater rift lakes in the supercontinent of West Gondwana (comprising modern South America and Africa) during the Early Cretaceous , and fossil remains are known from formations in both South America (Brazil) and Africa (Equatorial Guinea ).[ 2] [ 3]
Taxonomy
The following species are known:[ 2] [ 4]
†E. longicostatus (Cope , 1886) - Berriasian /Valanginian [ 2] of Bahia , Brazil (Candeias Formation ) (=Diplomystus longicostatus Cope, 1886 ) (type species )
†E. goodi (Eastman , 1912) - Aptian /Albian of Equatorial Guinea (Cocobeach Formation ) (=Diplomystus goodi Eastman, 1912 , D. elberti Weiler, 1922 , Ellimma guineensis Gayet, 1989 )[ 5]
†E. spinosus de Figuereido & Gallo, 2021 - Berriasian/Valanginian of Bahia, Brazil (Candeias Formation)[ 2]
Another species E. maceioensis Malabarba et al , 2004 from the Aptian-aged Maceió Formation of Alagoas , Brazil likely does not belong to this genus as it does not display diagnostic morphological characteristics.[ 6] However, the genus as a whole may also be paraphyletic with respect to Ellimma .[ 2] [ 7]
The sister genus to Ellimmichthys is thought to be Eoellimmichthys , a marine paraclupeid that lived much later during the Early Eocene , with fossils known from Monte Bolca , Italy. Eoellimmichthys is thought to have been the last surviving paraclupeid, and the last surviving marine ellimmichthyiform as a whole.[ 3]
References
^ "PBDB Taxon" . paleobiodb.org . Retrieved 2024-08-12 .
^ a b c d e de Figueiredo, Francisco J.; Gallo, Valéria (2021-01-01). "Revision of †Ellimmichthys longicostatus (Clupeomorpha: †Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil with comments on the taxonomy of related species" . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . 105 : 103006. Bibcode :2021JSAES.10503006D . doi :10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103006 . ISSN 0895-9811 .
^ a b Marramà, Giuseppe; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Kriwet, Jürgen; Carnevale, Giorgio (2019). Cavin, Lionel (ed.). "An Eocene paraclupeid fish (Teleostei, Ellimmichthyiformes) from Bolca, Italy: the youngest marine record of double-armoured herrings" . Papers in Palaeontology . 5 (1): 83–98. Bibcode :2019PPal....5...83M . doi :10.1002/spp2.1230 . ISSN 2056-2799 . PMC 6392134 . PMID 30854219 .
^ Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Melgarejo-Damián, María del Pilar; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Melgarejo-Damián, María del Pilar (2017). "Paraclupea seilacheri sp. nov., a double armored herring (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Albian limestones of Tlayúa quarry, Puebla, Mexico" . Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas . 34 (3): 234–249. doi :10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2017.3.528 . ISSN 1026-8774 .
^ Murray, A.M. (2000). "The Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic fishes of Africa" . Fish and Fisheries . 1 (2): 111–145. Bibcode :2000AqFF....1..111M . doi :10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00015.x . ISSN 1467-2960 .
^ Polck, Márcia Aparecida dos Reis; Gallo, Valéria; de Figueiredo, Francisco J.; Viana, Samuel Magalhães; dos Santos, Viviane Sampaio Santiago; de Queiroz Neto, João Villar; Jahnert, Ricardo Jorge (2020-03-01). "†Ellimma longipectoralis sp. nov. (Teleostei: Clupeomorpha: †Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Aptian of the Santos Basin, southeastern Brazil" . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . 98 : 102318. doi :10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102318 . ISSN 0895-9811 .
^ de Figueiredo, Francisco J.; Gallo, Valéria (2023-02-01). "Caboellimma, a new genus for "Ellimma" cruzae Santos, 1990, an ellimmichthyiform fish (Teleostei: Clupeomorpha) from the Cabo Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin, north-east Brazil" . Cretaceous Research . 142 : 105393. Bibcode :2023CrRes.14205393D . doi :10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105393 . ISSN 0195-6671 .