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Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.
Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.
Born	Edward John DeBartolo; May 17, 1909; Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
Died	December 19, 1994 (aged 85); Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
Education	University of Notre Dame
Occupation	Real-estate developer
Children	Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.; Denise DeBartolo York ; Edward M Kobel

Edward John DeBartolo Sr. (May 17, 1909 – December 19, 1994) was an American businessman. In 1971, his Ohio-based corporation was ranked as 47th among the nation's top 400 construction contractors. In 1983, DeBartolo was included on Forbes magazine's first Forbes 400 list of richest Americans.^[1]

Early years

The second of six children, DeBartolo was born in Youngstown, Ohio, a center of steel production that was also a major destination for immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. DeBartolo's parents, Anthony Paonessa and Rose Villani, had emigrated to the United States from Italy. DeBartolo never knew his biological father, who died suddenly before his birth.^[1]^[2]

After Anthony Paonessa's death, Rose Villani Paonessa married Michael DeBartolo, and Edward took his stepfather's family name.^[2] Michael DeBartolo emigrated from Terlizzi, Apulia, Italy, with his family at age 17 and became a paving contractor and builder of warehouses and other structures.^[1] While a teenager, Edward DeBartolo began working, translating paving contracts for his stepfather, who did not read or write English.

DeBartolo went on to earn a degree in civil engineering at the University of Notre Dame.^[1]^[2] Next came a decade of construction jobs with his stepfather. Capitalizing on his engineering skills, DeBartolo found himself serving in the Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. It was during the War, in 1944, that he married Marie Patricia Montani and incorporated his own company, The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation.

Adult life and career

After the war ended, DeBartolo served as president of Michael DeBartolo Construction and as founder and president of his newly formed company. DeBartolo was able to take advantage of dramatic changes occurring across the United States after World War II. As more Americans moved into suburbs, there was a corresponding increase in demand for convenient access to shopping. His first retail development was the construction of Gray's Drug Store and Sears, Roebuck and Co. department store in the "Uptown" area of Youngstown. DeBartolo's company was one of the first companies in the United States to build shopping centers in suburban communities. These shopping centers were initially plazas built as long strips, but soon DeBartolo began developing enclosed shopping malls as well, with brother Frank DeBartolo acting as architect.^[1]

The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation was the undisputed leader in the shopping mall industry from the birth of the industry until DeBartolo's death, at one point owning almost one-tenth of all mall space in the United States.^[1] DeBartolo also branched out into other types of urban development and construction, such as hotels, office parks, and condominiums. He established a work ethic of fifteen-hour days and seven-day weeks. He once told his senior executives, "My wife has never seen me lie down while the sun was up." By 1990, DeBartolo was estimated to have more than $1.4 billion in personal wealth.^[1]

A powerful strategic thinker, DeBartolo began acquiring department store chains in the late 1980s. In 1986, he helped finance Robert Campeau's purchase of Allied Stores Corporation,^[3] a department store holding corporation that owned such iconic department store brands as Jordan Marsh and Maas Brothers, as well as specialty stores such as Bonwit Teller and Ann Taylor. DeBartolo lent Campeau $150 million to bridge the financing gap for the acquisition. Campeau repaid the money,^[4] and in 1986, DeBartolo assisted in financing Allied Stores Corporation's acquisition of Federated Department Stores,^[3] a department store holding company and the owner of, among other assets, Macy's and Bloomingdale's department stores. DeBartolo provided nearly $500 million in financing.^[5] In 1990, Federated went bankrupt, defaulting on the repayment of the loans made by DeBartolo;^[3] it emerged from bankruptcy after the ouster of Campeau in 1992 as a new public company under the name "Macy's, Inc."^[6] During the course of the bankruptcy, DeBartolo's cash flow was severely impaired, due to Federated's nonpayment as well as the real estate recession of the time. DeBartolo's Federated positions were all realigned when Federated emerged from bankruptcy.

In 1988, he partnered with Dillard's Department Stores to buy Higbee's of Cleveland, Ohio.^[7] In 1992, William Dillard, founder of Dillard's, bought DeBartolo's share,^[8] except for the property interest in Higbee's Public Square flagship store in Cleveland (sold to Tower City in 2001), and renamed it the Higbee chain.^[3] DeBartolo's idea of a retail real estate developer going forward with new projects easily and quickly by virtue of anchor stores which he owned,^[9] would never become a reality.

As a result of several years' impaired cash flow, DeBartolo prepared to take his company public as a real estate investment trust or "REIT". Most of DeBartolo's competitors were preparing to do the same, their operations suffering from a lack of capital in the private markets. In late 1993, the two largest shopping center companies at the time, DeBartolo and Simon were coming to the market simultaneously. Their advisors informed them that the capital markets could not absorb that much equity; either one of them must back down or prices would suffer severely. DeBartolo agreed to withdraw. In April, 1994, most of the properties owned by The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation were transferred to DeBartolo Realty Corporation, a public REIT, in its initial public offering.^[5] The new company was chaired by Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.; DeBartolo Sr. was unwilling to deal personally with the constraints of running a public company. In 1996, DeBartolo Realty Corporation was acquired by Simon Property Group, the public REIT formed by DeBartolo's longtime competitors, Melvin and Herbert Simon.^[10]

DeBartolo's contributions to the campus at the University of Notre Dame include a $33 million donation, the largest ever given to both Notre Dame and ever received by a college in Indiana at the time, which funded the Marie P. DeBartolo Center for the Performing Arts, the Edward J. DeBartolo Classroom Facility, and the quad surrounding the facility.^[11] The facilities have since been renamed the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, DeBartolo Hall, and DeBartolo Quad.^[12]^[13]^[14] There is also a DeBartolo Hall on the campus of Youngstown State University (YSU),^[15] in his hometown of Youngstown, where DeBartolo has made many endowments to YSU. The DeBartolo Corporation continues to be based in nearby Boardman, Ohio.

Sporting interests

DeBartolo purchased the San Francisco 49ers in 1977, giving the team to his son. DeBartolo Jr. devoted significant resources to the team, became an expert in team management and player relations, and made it the most successful NFL franchise in the 1980s.^[1]

DeBartolo founded the Pittsburgh Maulers of the United States Football League in March 1983, but folded the team after the first season (1984) when the league announced it would move to a fall schedule, the same time as the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers.^[16]

The family also owned the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League from February 1977 until selling it to an ownership group led by Howard Baldwin in November 1991.^[5] The Penguins would win the Stanley Cup in 1991, just before the sale. DeBartolo's name would be engraved on the Stanley Cup along with that of his daughter Denise DeBartolo York.^[17] DeBartolo said at a rally after the first win that the occasion was "possibly the happiest moment of my life."^[18]

DeBartolo owned the Pittsburgh Spirit soccer team from 1978 to 1986.^[19]

While DeBartolo was unsuccessful in his attempt to purchase the Chicago White Sox in 1980,^[1] he owned and developed three thoroughbred racetracks – Thistledown in North Randall, Ohio, Remington Park in Oklahoma City, and Louisiana Downs in Bossier City, Louisiana.^[2]^[1]

Death

DeBartolo died of pneumonia on December 19, 1994, in Youngstown, Ohio, at the age of 85.^[20]^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Death ends career rooted in Valley". The Vindicator. December 20, 1994. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "E. DEBARTOLO SR., 49ERS OWNER, DEVELOPER, DIES". The Washington Post. Associated Press. December 20, 1994. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Chicago Tribune (July 26, 1992). "QUESTIONS REMAIN ABOUT MALL GIANT". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ COMPANY NEWS (August 19, 1987). "Campeau to Repay Loan to DeBartolo". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pinder, Jeanne B. (September 16, 1993). "COMPANY NEWS; Developer DeBartolo Is Going Public". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ Mulligan, Thomas S. (February 6, 1992). "Federated Emerges From Bankruptcy After Two Years : Retailing: Analysts say the slimmed-down owner of department stores is now a stronger company". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ Barmash, Isadore (December 31, 1987). "COMPANY NEWS". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ The New York Times Archives (July 21, 1992). "COMPANY NEWS". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024. DILLARD DEPARTMENT STORES INC., Little Rock, Ark., will acquire controlling interest in Higbee Co., Cleveland, a retail chain, from the property developer Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. Terms were not disclosed.
^ Gellene, Denise (November 27, 1986). "Ohioan Sees Way to Ensure Anchor Stores for Malls : DeBartolo 'Wants a Retailer,' Ally Says". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ Times Staff and Wire Reports (March 27, 1996). "2 Mall Operators Agree to Merge in $3-Billion Deal". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ L. A. Times Archives (May 7, 1989). "DeBartolos to Donate $33 Million to Notre Dame". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ "DeBartolo Hall Services (Rooms, Hours, Contacts) | InsideND". inside.nd.edu. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ "DeBartolo Hall". Campus Tour. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ ENR // AgencyND // University of Notre Dame. "Housing Quadrangles // Office of Housing // University of Notre Dame". Housing.nd.edu. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
"The 50 Most Beautiful Campus Quads". College Rank. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
^ "Facilities". Youngstown State University. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ "Maulers Fold". The New York Times. October 26, 1984. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
^ "DeBartolo Sports and Entertainment". Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
^ SportsBeat Rewind, the Story of 1991 (television production). Fox Sports Pittsburgh. 2009.
^ L. A. Times Archives (April 12, 1986). "DeBartolo Folds MISL Team in Pittsburgh". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
^ Bryant, Adam (December 20, 1994). "Edward J. DeBartolo, Developer, 85, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2008.