The works of American author Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) include many poems, short stories, and one novel. His fiction spans multiple genres, including horror fiction, adventure, science fiction, and detective fiction, a genre he is credited with inventing.[1] These works are generally considered part of the Dark romanticism movement, a literary reaction to Transcendentalism.[2] Poe's writing reflects his literary theories: he disagreed with didacticism[3] and allegory.[4] Meaning in literature, he said in his criticism, should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface; works whose meanings are too obvious cease to be art.[5] Poe pursued originality in his works, and disliked proverbs.[6] He often included elements of popular pseudosciences such as phrenology[7] and physiognomy.[8] His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning.[9] Though known as a masterly practitioner of Gothic fiction, Poe did not invent the genre; he was following a long-standing popular tradition.[10]
Poe's literary career began in 1827 with the release of 50 copies of Tamerlane and Other Poems credited only to "a Bostonian", a collection of early poems that received virtually no attention.[11] In December 1829, Poe released Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems in Baltimore[12] before delving into short stories for the first time with "Metzengerstein" in 1832.[13] His most successful and most widely read prose during his lifetime was "The Gold-Bug",[14] which earned him a $100 prize, the most money he received for a single work.[15] One of his most important works, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", was published in 1841 and is today considered the first modern detective story.[16] Poe called it a "tale of ratiocination".[1] Poe became a household name with the publication of "The Raven" in 1845,[17] though it was not a financial success.[18] The publishing industry at the time was a difficult career choice and much of Poe's work was written using themes specifically catered for mass market tastes.[19]
Republished in the February 15, 1845, issue of the New York World, included the poem "The Conqueror Worm" as words written by Ligeia on her death-bed[70]
^Poe, Edgar Allan. "'A Campaign Song'". Edgar Allan Poe Society online. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
^Poe, Edgar Allan. "'Impromptu – To Kate Carol'". Edgar Allan Poe Society online. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
^Poe, Edgar Allan. "'Epigram for Wall Street'". Edgar Allan Poe Society online. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
^Poe, Edgar Allan. "'The Raven'". Edgar Allan Poe Society online. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
^Poe, Edgar Allan. "'The Divine Right of Kings'". Edgar Allan Poe Society online. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
Hayes, Kevin J. (2002). "Visual Culture and the Word in Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Man of the Crowd'". Nineteenth-Century Literature. 56 (4): 445–465. doi:10.1525/ncl.2002.56.4.445.
Hungerford, Edward (1930). "Poe and Phrenology". American Literature. 1 (3): 209–231. doi:10.2307/2920231. JSTOR2920231.
Kagle, Steven E. (1990). "The Corpse Within Us". In Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV (ed.). Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society. ISBN978-0-9616449-2-5.
Koster, Donald N. (2002). "Influences of Transcendentalism on American Life and Literature". In Galens, David (ed.). Literary Movements for Students Vol. 1. Detroit: Thomson Gale.
Meyers, Jeffrey (1992). Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy (Paperback ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. ISBN978-0-8154-1038-6.
Ostram, John Ward (1987). "Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards". In Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV (ed.). Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society. pp. 37–47.
Poe, Edgar Allan (November 1847). "Tale-Writing—Nathaniel Hawthorne". Godey's Lady's Book: 252–256. Archived from the original on June 23, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN978-0-8018-5730-0.
Rosenheim, Shawn James (1997). The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN978-0-8018-5332-6.
Schöberlein, Stefan (2017). "Poe or not Poe? A stylometric analysis of Edgar Allan Poe's disputed writings". Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. 32 (4): 650–653. doi:10.1093/llc/fqw019.
Tschachler, Heinz (2013). The Monetary Imagination of Edgar Allan Poe: Banking, Currency, and Politics in the Writings. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN978-0-7864-7583-4.
Whalen, Terance (2001). "Poe and the American Publishing Industry". In Kennedy, J. Gerald (ed.). A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-512150-6.
Wilbur, Richard (1967). "The House of Poe". In Regan, Robert (ed.). Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. pp. 99. ISBN978-0-13-684963-6.
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