Its jurisdiction includes Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanghai[1] provinces and the East China Sea to include the Strait of Taiwan.[2][3][4] The Eastern Theater Command is primarily composed three subordinate single-service component commands: the Eastern Theater Army of the PLAGF, the East Sea Fleet of the PLAN, and the Eastern Theater Command Air Force of the PLAAF which conduct combat operations within the command's area of responsibility.[5] Also under the Eastern Theater Command is the Wuxi Joint Logistics Support Center (JSLC) of the CMC's Joint Logistics Support Force which provides logistic and material support to the command and Base 61 of the PLARF which is responsible for missile employment in the Eastern Theater.[5][6][7]
On 1 February 2016, the Eastern Theater Command held its inaugural meeting in the Bayi Building in Beijing. The meeting was held concurrently with all of the other newly created theater commands. General Secretary of the CCP and Chairman of the CMCXi Jinping was in attendance, awarding military flags and issuing the official instructions. CMC Vice Chairman and CCP Politburo Member Fan Changlong read out the orders while CMC Vice Chairman Xu Qiliang presided.[citation needed]
The Eastern Theater Command, like other Chinese theater commands, consists of a joint headquarters, a joint logistics support center (JSLC) from the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, a PLA Ground Force (PLAGF) service component, a PLA Air Force (PLAAF) service component, a PLA Navy (PLAN) service component, and a PLA Rocket Force (PLARF) service component. Within Eastern Theater Command these units these are the Nanjing headquarters, Wuxi Joint Logistics Support Facility, Eastern Theater Command Ground Forces, Eastern Theater Command Air Force, Eastern Fleet, and Base 61.[9][10]
Headquarters
Located in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, the Eastern Theater Command headquarters includes both the General Staff Department, responsible for staff support to command leadership, and the Political Works Department, providing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) oversight and influence within the command. The command's General Staff Department (Chinese: 参谋部; pinyin: Cānmóu Bù) consists of at least eight sections: combat bureau, intelligence bureau, information assurance agency, military demand bureau, joint training board, mobilization bureau, work department bureau, work direction bureau, and war service bureau.[citation needed] The command's Political Works Department (Chinese: 政治工作部; pinyin: Zhèngzhì Gōngzuò Bù) consists of at least six bureaus: general, organization, cadre, military and civilian, publicity, and group workers liaison bureau.[citation needed]
The PLA Ground Force (PLAGF) component of Eastern Theater Command is composed of three major units: The 71st, 72nd, and 73rd Group Army. Since 2017 reforms, the PLAGF group army represents a more evolved, flexible, and capable operational organization that provides Chinese military decision makers with the ability to task-organize forces to accomplish specific missions.[3] Each group army doctrinally commands twelve brigades: six combined-arms brigades (CA-BDEs) and six support brigades including aviation, artillery, air defense, CBRN, special operations forces (SOF), and others.[3]
The 71st Group Army (Chinese: 第七十一集团军) traces its history back to the 12th Corps, a February 1949 consolidation of the 34th, 35th, and 36th Divisions.[19] In December 1950, the 12th Corps incorporated the 31st Division of the 11th Corps and entered the Korean War, fighting in the Shangganling Campaign against two United Nations divisions.[20] In May 1989, the Central Military Commission mobilized at least 14 of the PLA's 24 group armies to enforce martial law against student-led protests in Tiananmen Square from five of the seven military regions, a larger force than had been mobilized for China's border wars with Vietnam, India, or the Soviet Union.[21][22] The Nanjing Military Region, predecessor to the Eastern Theater Command, airlifted the 34th, 36th, and 110th Infantry Divisions, an artillery brigade, and an anti-aircraft battalion from the 12th Corps following Xu Qinxian's refusal to mobilize the 38th Army in Beijing.[23] In 2017 the 12th Corps was disbanded and replaced by the 71st Group Army as China replaced their seven military regions with five theater commands.[citation needed]
Headquartered in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, the composition of the 71st Group Army matches the Chinese doctrinal group army structure commanding six combined-arms brigades and seven support brigades.[3] The 71st Group Army is understood to consist of the below units.[citation needed] Note, the PLAGF uniquely identifies support brigades using the same unit number as the parent group army.
Headquarters
2nd Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
35th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
160th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
235th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
178th Medium Combined-Arms Brigade
179th Light Combined-Arms Brigade
71st Army Aviation Brigade
71st Artillery Brigade
71st Air Defense Brigade
71st Special Operations Brigade
71st Service Support Brigade
72nd Group Army
The 72nd Group Army (Chinese: 第七十二集团军), headquartered in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, originates from the 1930 activation of the 2nd Red Army in Hunan which took part in Mao's famous Long March. The 2nd Red Army was reorganized and redesignated as the 1st Corps in February 1947 taking an active role in the Chinese Civil War include in the battles for Shanzong, Fumei, and Longdong.[24] In April 1953, 1st Corps was deployed to the Korean War but returned to China after only a few months with the conflict's cessation.[25][26] In 2017, with the transformation of military regions to theater commands, the PLAGF 1st Corps was reorganized and redesignated as the 72nd Ground Army.[citation needed] The 72nd Group Army is understood to consist of the below units.[citation needed]
Headquarters
10th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
5th Amphibious Combined-Arms Brigade
124th Amphibious Combined-Arms Brigade
85th Medium Combined-Arms Brigade
90th Light Combined-Arms Brigade
72nd Army Aviation Brigade
72nd Artillery Brigade
72nd Air Defense Brigade
72nd Special Operations Brigade
72nd Service Support Brigade
73rd Group Army
The 73rd Group Army (Chinese: 第七十三集团军) is headquartered in Bantou, Jimei District, Xiamen City, of Fujian Province – directly across the strait from Taiwan.[27] The 73rd Group Army's history begins in 1941 with the Shantung Column of the Shangtung Military Region. Undergoing a number of restructures and redesignations throughout the 1940s, eventually to become the 31st Corps.[28] Unlike the predecessors of the 71st and 72nd Group Armies (12th and 1st Corps) of the Eastern Theater Command, the 73rd Group Army's predecessor (the 31st Corps) was not selected to deploy in the early 1950s Korean War and remained in Fujian Province to defend the Chinese mainland against a potential US-Taiwan invasion.[29] Later in 1958, the 31st Corps took part in the artillery bombardment of the Republic of China's Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu Islands precipitating the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.[29] As the 12th Corps and 1st Corps were reorganized and redesignated as the 71st and 72nd Army Groups in China's 2015–2017 military reforms, the 31st Corps became the 73rd Army Group.[citation needed] As one of two group armies in the Eastern Theater Command with amphibious combined-arms brigades, the 73rd Group has been prominently featured by Chinese media conducting amphibious landing drills in Fujian Province demonstrating its capability to take part in the use of force against Taiwan.[30][31][32] The 73rd Group Army is understood to consists of the below units.[citation needed]
The PLAAF has largely disestablished divisions and converted their subordinate regiments to brigades. With only the 10th Bomber Division remaining as a division, the Eastern Theater Command Air Force is composed of the following units.
The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) component of Eastern Theater Command is Base 61 in Huangshan, Anhui. Base 61 has been regarded as the PLARF's "premier conventional base opposite Taiwan" where a number of senior PLARF leadership were likely to have been stationed.[7] Base 61 traces its origins back to August 1965 with the establishment of Unit 121 in Guangyang Township, Shitai County which was responsible for the construction of missile silos under the PLA's Second Artillery Corps (predecessor to the PLARF) and led by Liao Changmei (Chinese: 廖成美).[35][36] PLA Rocket Force 61st Base (Huangshan City, Anhui Province) The unit was converted into the Project 303 headquarters in June 1966 and remained until 25 May 1968 when the Central Military Commission renamed the headquarters to Base 52 of the Second Artillery Corps, the PLARF component of the Nanjing Military Region (predecessor to the Eastern Theater Command). PLA Rocket Force 61st Base (Huangshan City, Anhui Province) Base 52 comprised the 807th, 811th, 815th, 817th, 818th, 819th, 820th, and 827th Brigades armed with DF-21, DF-15C, DF-15A, DF-11A, CJ-10A, and DF-21C ballistic missiles. PLA Rocket Force 61st Base (Huangshan City, Anhui Province) In 2016 the newly established PLARF took command of Base 52 which would be redesignated as Base 61 and its subordinate brigades renamed 611 to 618.[37][38][39]
^ abMinistry of Defense Army General Headquarters (2019). "Eastern Theater Command Capabilities". Army Academic Bimonthly. 55 (566). Government publication of the Republic of China: 26–40.
^In accordance with the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on 1 November 1948.
^Zhang, Song Shan (张嵩山) (2010). Decipher Shangganling (解密上甘岭) (in Chinese). Beijing: Beijing Publishing House. pp. 217–218. ISBN978-7-200-08113-8.
^William W. Whitson, with Chen-hsia Huang. (1973) The Chinese high command; a history of Communist military politics, 1927-71. Foreword by Lucian W. Pye.
^Lin Yunshi (林韵诗) (23 February 2016). 东部战区空军领导层亮相 黄国显任司令员. caixin.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 31 August 2021.
^Lin Yunshi (林韵诗) (29 July 2019). 西部战区空军副政委钟卫国转岗东部战区. caixin.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 31 August 2021.
^Saunders, Phillip (2019). Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms. National Defense University Press. pp. 401–405.
^Xingrong, Li (4 March 2014). "红土名人廖成美" [Clay Celebrity Liao Chengmei]. Minxi Revolutionary History Museum (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 May 2019.
