This article is about the group of eastern dialects of Punjabi. For the group of western dialects, see Lahnda. For the central dialect, see Majhi dialect.
Eastern Punjabi, alongside Western Punjabi (Lahnda), makes up the two dialect groups within the Punjabi language; with the Majhi dialect, as Central Punjabi, being transitional between both and forming the basis of Standard Punjabi. It includes the dialects of Doabi, Malwai, Puadhi, and the extinct Lubanki; with Majhi being transitional between it and Western Punjabi.[1][2]
Sometimes, Dogri[3] and Kangri[4] are also classified as Punjabi varieties within this group;[5][6] but most classifications place them in Western Pahari, being intermediate with Eastern Punjabi.[7] Similarly many dialects in northern India, outside of the proper Punjabi dialects and groups, typically spoken on state borders, are classified as being transitional with Eastern Punjabi such as Bagri, Bilaspuri, and Bhateali.[8][9]
^Lal, Mohan (1992). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Academy. p. 4208.
^Kli︠u︡ev, B. I. (1981). India, National and Language Problem. India: Sterling.[1]
^Language Sciences. (1991). Japan: International Christian University Language Sciences Summer Institute.[2]
^Grewal, J.S. and Banga, Indu (1998) Punjab in prosperity and violence: administration, politics, and social change, 1947-1997. K.K. Publishers for Institute of Punjab Studies, Chandigarh [3]