Eastern Command (India)

Eastern Command
Insignia of the Eastern Command
Active1920–present
Country India
Branch Indian Army
TypeCommand
HeadquartersFort William, Kolkata, West Bengal
EngagementsWorld War II
Sino-Indian War
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2020 China–India skirmishes
Commanders
Current
commander		Lt Gen Ram Chander Tiwari UYSM AVSM SM
Notable
commanders		Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa
Gen Rajendrasinhji Jadeja
Gen K S Thimayya
Gen P. P. Kumaramangalan
Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw
Lt Gen S. P. P. Thorat
Gen A. S. Vaidya
Gen V. N. Sharma
Gen V. K. Singh
Gen Bikram Singh
Gen Dalbir Singh Suhag
Gen M. M. Naravane
Gen Anil Chauhan
Gen Manoj Pande
Insignia
Flag

The Eastern Command is one of the six operational commands of the Indian Army. It is headquartered in Fort William in the city of Kolkata in the state of West Bengal. The Eastern Command was formed on 1 November 1920.[1] The Command is commanded by a three-star rank officer with the title General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C).

Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tiwari is the current GOC-in-C of Eastern Command.[2]

History

Early history

The Presidency armies were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 when the three Presidency armies of Bengal, Bombay, and Madras became the Indian Army.[3] The Indian Army was divided into four Commands: Bengal Command, Bombay Command, Madras Command and Punjab Command, each under a lieutenant general.[3]

Between 1904 and 1908, the Bengal Command became the Eastern Command. In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies – Northern Army and Southern Army – as recommended by the then Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army, Lord Kitchener. This system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again: Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command.[3]

On 1 November 1920, the Eastern Command was formed, with its summer headquarters in Nainital and winter headquarters in Lucknow. General Sir Havelock Hudson, became its first Commander.[4]

Second World War

In 1942, the command had the following formations under it:

On 21 April 1942, the command was re-designated as Eastern Army.[5] Its headquarters moved to Barrackpore to fight the World War II. The Chindits were raised and launched into operations in 1943, by the 77th Indian Infantry Brigade, a unit of the Eastern Command.[6]

In October 1943, the Fourteenth Army was formed and was given responsibility of the area east of the Meghna River. With this, the Eastern Army retained responsibility of the area west of the river.[7]

After the war, on 23 March 1947, the Command HQ moved to Ranchi. The HQ was later moved to Lucknow in 1955. However, on 1 May 1963, post the Sino-Indian War; the Central Command was re-raised and Lucknow was made its HQ, while Kolkata was made HQ Eastern Command.[8]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Pakistan's Lt. Gen. A. A. K. Niazi signing the Instrument of Surrender under the gaze of Lt. Gen. J. S. Aurora, the head of the Indian Army's Eastern Command, on 16 December 1971, in Dhaka.

The Command had the overall responsibility of the eastern theatre of the 13-day war. The command had the two existing infantry corps – IV Corps and XXXIII Corps and raised another – II Corps. Apart from this, the 101 Communication Zone was re-organised as a Division-sized combat formation. Lieutenant General J S Arora, as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command, commanded all Indian and Bangladesh Forces in the eastern theatre. The Order of Battle of the Eastern Command during the war was:

II Corps (HQ - Krishnanagar) (GOC - Lieutenant General T N Raina)

  • 50th Independent Parachute Brigade (less 2 Para Bn Gp) – Brigadier M Thomas
  • 8th Mountain Artillery Brigade
  • 58th, 68th and 263rd Engineering Regiments
  • 9th Infantry Division (GOC - Major General Dalbir Singh)
    • 32 Infantry Brigade – Brigadier M Tewari
    • 42 Infantry Brigade – Brigadier J. M. Jhoria
    • 350 Infantry Brigade – Brigadier H. S. Sandhu
    • 9th Artillery Brigade
  • 4th Mountain Division (HQ - Krishnanagar) (GOC - Major General M S Barar)
    • 7th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Zail Singh
    • 41st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tony Michigan
    • 62nd Mountain Brigade - Brigadier Rajinder Nath
    • 4th Mountain Artillery Brigade

IV Corps (HQ - Agartala) GOC - Lieutenant General Sagat Singh

  • Corps Artillery Brigade
  • Three Independent Tank Squadrons
  • 8th Mountain Division (GOC - Major General K. V. Krishna Rao)
    • Echo Force Brigade – Brigadier Wadeker
    • 59th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier C. A. Quinn
    • 81st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier R. C. V. Apte
    • 2nd Mountain Artillery Brigade
  • 57th Mountain Division (GOC - Major General B.F. Gonsalves)
    • 311th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Mishra
    • 73rd Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tuli
    • 61st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tom Pande
    • 57th Mountain Artillery Brigade
  • 23rd Mountain Division (GOC - Major General R.D. Hira)
    • 301st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier H. S. Sodhi
    • 181st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Y. C. Bakshi
    • 83rd Mountain Brigade – Brigadier B. S. Sandhu
    • 23rd Mountain Artillery Brigade
    • Kilo Force Brigade – Brigadier Ananda Swaroop[9] containing:
    • Mizo Range Hills Brigade[10]

XXXIII Corps (HQ - Siliguri) (GOC - Lieutenant General M L Thapan)

  • Corps Artillery Brigade
  • 471st Engineering Brigade – Colonel Suri
  • 235th Army Engineering Regiment
  • 2 Para Bn Gp
  • MF Brigade – Brigadier Prem Singh
  • 71st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier P. N. Kathpalia
  • 20th Mountain Division (HQ - Balurghat) (GOC - Major General Lachhman Singh)
    • 66th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier G. S. Sharma
    • 165th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier R. S. Pannu
    • 202nd Mountain Brigade – Brigadier F. P. Bhatty
    • 3rd Armoured Brigade – Brigadier G. Singh Sidhu
    • 20th Mountain Artillery Brigade
    • 340th Mountain Brigade Group – Brigadier Joginder Singh
  • 6th Mountain Division ( HQ - Cooch Behar) (Eastern Command HQ Reserve) (GOC - Major General P C Reddy)
    • 9th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tirit Varma
    • 99th Mountain Brigade
    • 6th Mountain Artillery Brigade

101st Communication Zone (HQ: Guwahati) (GOC - Major General Gurbax Singh Gill)

  • 312 Air Defence Brigade
  • 342 Ind. Air Defence Brigade
  • 95th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Hardev Singh Kler
  • FJ Sector Brigade – Brigadier Sant Singh[11]
  • 167th Infantry Brigade – Brigadier Irani (allotted after 8 December 1971)
  • 5th Mountain Brigade (allotted after 8 December 1971)

On 16 December 1971, the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Armed Forces surrendered at Dhaka. East Pakistan ceased to exist and Bangladesh was born. Lt Gen J S Arora accepted the Pakistani Instrument of Surrender, signed by Lt Gen A. A. K. Niazi at Dacca Racecourse. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by the Indian Army, which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan.[12][13]

Structure

The Command's Area Of Responsibility (AOR)[14] covers the following states of India:

The Eastern Command has been assigned operational units under: III Corps, IV Corps, XVII Corps, XXXIII Corps and the 23rd Infantry Division.[15][16]

Structure of Eastern Command
Corps Corps HQ GOC of Corps

(Corps Commander)

Assigned Units Unit HQ
III Corps

(Spear Corps)

Rangapahar, Nagaland Lt Gen Abhijit S Pendharkar[17] 2 Mountain Division Dinjan, Assam
56 Mountain Division Likabali, Arunachal Pradesh
57 Mountain Division Leimakhong, Manipur
IV Corps

(Gajraj Corps)

Tezpur, Assam Lt Gen Gambhir Singh[18] 5 Mountain Division Bomdila, Arunachal Pradesh
21 Mountain Division Rangia, Assam
71 Mountain Division Missa Mari, Assam
XVII Corps

(Brahmastra Corps)

Panagarh, West Bengal Lt Gen Yash Singh Ahlawat[19] 59 Mountain Division Panagarh, West Bengal
23 Infantry Division Ranchi, Jharkhand
72 Mountain Division Pathankot, Punjab
XXXIII Corps

(Trishakti Corps)

Siliguri, West Bengal Lt Gen Zubin A Minwalla[20] 17 Mountain Division Gangtok, Sikkim
20 Mountain Division Binnaguri, West Bengal
27 Mountain Division Kalimpong, West Bengal

Precursors (1902–1947)

Following is the list of precursors to the Eastern Command and their commanders:[21]

Eastern Command (1902–1907)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command
S.No Name Assumed office Left office Unit of Commission References
1 General Sir Alfred Gaselee GCIE, KCB October 1904 June 1907 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

Eastern Command (1920–1940)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command
S.No Name Assumed office Left office Unit of Commission References
1 General Sir Havelock Hudson KCB, KCIE November 1920 February 1924 Northamptonshire Regiment
2 General Sir George de S. Barrow KCB, KCMG February 1924 April 1928 Connaught Rangers
3 General Sir John S. M. Shea GCB, KCMG, DSO April 1928 April 1932 Royal Irish Regiment
4 General Sir C. Norman MacMullen KCB, CMG, CIE, DSO April 1932 April 1936 Unattached
5 General Sir H. B. Douglas Baird KCB, CMG, CIE, DSO April 1936 April 1940 Unattached
6 Lieutenant General Sir Charles N. F. Broad KCB, DSO April 1940 July 1942 Royal Field Artillery

Eastern Army (1942–1943)

General Officer Commanding Eastern Army
S.No Name Assumed office Left office Unit of Commission References
1 Lieutenant General Noel M. S. Irwin CB, DSO**, MC Jul 1942 May 1943 Essex Regiment
2 General Sir George J. Giffard KCB, DSO May 1943 October 1943 Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment

Eastern Command (1943–1947)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command
S.No Name Assumed office Left office Unit of Commission References
1 General Sir A. G. O. Mosley Mayne KCB, CBE, DSO October 1943 December 1944 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
2 General Sir Richard N. O'Connor KCB, DSO*, MC January 1945 October 1945 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
3 Lieutenant General Sir Arthur F. Smith KBE, CB, DSO October 1945 January 1946 Coldstream Guards
4 Lieutenant General Sir Francis I. S. Tuker KCIE, CB, DSO, OBE January 1946 November 1947 Royal Sussex Regiment
Acting Lieutenant General F. R. Roy Bucher CB, OBE, MC August 1946 August 1947 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)

List of GOC-in-C of Eastern Command (1947–present)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command
S.No Name Assumed office Left office Unit of Commission References
1 Lieutenant General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa OBE November 1947 January 1948 88th Carnatic Infantry [22]
2 Lieutenant General Maharaj Shri Rajendrasinhji Jadeja DSO January 1948 November 1948 2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse) [23]
3 Lieutenant General Thakur Nathu Singh November 1948 January 1953 Rajput Regiment [24]
4 Lieutenant General Sant Singh January 1953 30 September 1956 1/14 Punjab [25]
5 Lieutenant General Kodandera Subayya Thimayya OBE 1 October 1956 March 1957 19th Hyderabad Regiment
6 Lieutenant General Shankarrao Pandurang Patil Thorat KC, DSO May 1957 May 1961 1/14 Punjab [26][27]
7 Lieutenant General Lionel Protip Sen DSO May 1961 30 April 1963 10th Baluch Regiment
8 Lieutenant General Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam DSO, MBE 1 May 1963 November 1963 Regiment of Artillery
9 Lieutenant General Thomas Bryan Henderson Brooks November 1963 31 March 1964 Maratha Light Infantry
10 Lieutenant General Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam DSO, MBE 1 April 1964 November 1964 Regiment of Artillery
11 Lieutenant General Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw MC 16 November 1964 8 June 1969 12th Frontier Force Regiment
12 Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Arora PVSM June 1969 February 1973 2nd Punjab Regiment
13 Lieutenant General Naveen Chand Rawlley PVSM, AVSM, MC February 1973 31 July 1974 Brigade of the Guards
14 Lieutenant General Jack Farj Rafael Jacob PVSM 1 August 1974 31 July 1978 Regiment of Artillery
15 Lieutenant General E. A. Vas PVSM 1 August 1978 31 May 1981 9th Gorkha Rifles
16 Lieutenant General Arun Shridhar Vaidya PVSM, MVC, AVSM 1 June 1981 Aug 1983 9th Deccan Horse
17 Lieutenant General K. Chiman Singh PVSM August 1983 31 January 1986 Rajputana Rifles
18 Lieutenant General J. K. Puri PVSM, AVSM 1 February 1986 31 May 1987 Regiment of Artillery
19 Lieutenant General Vishwa Nath Sharma PVSM, AVSM 1 June 1987 30 April 1988 16th Light Cavalry [28]
20 Lieutenant General Raj Mohan Vohra PVSM, MVC 1 May 1988 31 May 1990 4th Horse (Hodson's Horse)
21 Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar PVSM, AVSM, VrC 1 June 1990 30 September 1992 Maratha Light Infantry [29]
22 Lieutenant General Jameel Mahmood UYSM 1 October 1992 31 May 1993 Regiment of Artillery
23 Lieutenant General R. N. Batra PVSM, VSM 1 June 1993 29 February 1996 Regiment of Artillery
24 Lieutenant General Ravi Eipe PVSM, AVSM 1 March 1996 28 February 1998 Rajput Regiment
25 Lieutenant General H. R. S. Kalkat PVSM, AVSM 1 April 1998 31 July 2002 Maratha Light Infantry [30]
26 Lieutenant General J. S. Verma PVSM, AVSM 1 August 2002 31 December 2004 63rd Cavalry (India)
27 Lieutenant General Arvind Sharma PVSM, AVSM, VSM 1 January 2005 31 December 2006 4th Gorkha Rifles [31][32][33]
28 Lieutenant General K. S. Jamwal PVSM, AVSM, VSM 1 January 2007 29 February 2008 Regiment of Artillery [34][35]
29 Lieutenant General Vijay Kumar Singh PVSM, AVSM, YSM 1 March 2008 31 March 2010 Rajput Regiment [36]
30 Lieutenant General Bikram Singh PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM 1 April 2010 30 April 2012 Sikh Light Infantry [37]
31 Lieutenant General Dalbir Singh Suhag PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM 16 June 2012 31 December 2013 5th Gorkha Rifles
32 Lieutenant General Man Mohan Singh Rai PVSM, AVSM, VSM 1 January 2014 31 July 2015 Bombay Sappers
33 Lieutenant General Praveen Bakshi PVSM, AVSM, VSM 1 August 2015 31 July 2017 Skinner's Horse
34 Lieutenant General Abhay Krishna PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM 1 August 2017 30 September 2018 Rajputana Rifles [38]
35 Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM 1 October 2018 31 August 2019 Sikh Light Infantry [39]
36 Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM 1 September 2019 31 May 2021 11th Gorkha Rifles [40]
37 Lieutenant General Manoj Pande PVSM, AVSM, VSM 1 June 2021 31 January 2022 Bombay Sappers [41]
38 Lieutenant General Rana Pratap Kalita PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM 1 February 2022 31 December 2023 Kumaon Regiment [42]
39 Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tewari UYSM, AVSM, SM 1 January 2024 Incumbent Kumaon Regiment [2]

Notes

  1. ^ "The Official Home Page of the Indian Army". www.indianarmy.nic.in.
  2. ^ a b "Lt Gen RC Tiwari to be next Eastern Army Commander". Chanakya Forum. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Northern Army". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  4. ^ "Sir Havelock Hudson". Pioneer Mail and Indian Weekly News. 26 November 1920. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  5. ^ Volume II: India's Most Dangerous Hour, Major-General Stanley Kirby et al., 1958, 193.
  6. ^ "77 Brigade". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  7. ^ "Why is the Fourteenth Army known as the Forgotten Army?". Royal British Legion. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  8. ^ "Central Command Raising Day concludes". The Times of India. 3 May 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  9. ^ Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, A Tale of Millions, p318
  10. ^ Jacob, Lt. Gen. JFR, Surrender at Dacca: Birth of A Nation, p196
  11. ^ Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, A Tale of Millions, p313
  12. ^ Burke, S. M (1974). Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies – S. M. Burke. ISBN 9780816607204. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  13. ^ Bose, Sarmila (November 2011). "The question of genocide and the quest for justice in the 1971 war" (PDF). Journal of Genocide Research. 13 (4): 398. doi:10.1080/14623528.2011.625750. S2CID 38668401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  14. ^ "Eastern Command". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  15. ^ "Eye on China, India to raise second division for mountain corps". The Indian Express. 17 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  16. ^ "The mountain is now a molehill". Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  17. ^ "Lt Gen Abhijit S Pendharkar took over command of the Spear corps from Lt Gen HS Sahi". X (formerly twitter). 10 August 2024.
  18. ^ "Lt Gen Gambhir Singh takes over as GOC IV Corps - ADGPI Twitter". X (formerly twitter). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  19. ^ "Lt General Yash Ahlawat Assumes Command of Brahmastra Corps". 20 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  20. ^ "GOC of Trishakti Corps inaugurates oxygen generation plant in Siliguri". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  21. ^ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Gen Cariappa Becomes Eastern Army Commander" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 21 November 1947. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  23. ^ "Changes in Army Commands" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 20 January 1948. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  24. ^ "Eastern Command History".
  25. ^ "Promotions in the Indian Army" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 15 October 1952. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  26. ^ "From Henderson to Subrahmanyam: Army to be Blamed. And Political Leaders". www.satp.org. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  27. ^ "The Two Myths of 1962 | Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses". idsa.in. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  28. ^ "Somnath Sharma, Sam Manekshaw, Amitabh Bachchan, Old Sherwoodians Sherwood College, Nainital - Alumni". www.oldsherwoodians.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  29. ^ "Indian Army: Charges of incompetence among senior officers undermined the Eastern Command". Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  30. ^ "Eastern Army ex-Commander Kalkat passes away". The Tribune. 28 January 2021.
  31. ^ "Press Information Bureau". Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  32. ^ "New Vice Chief of Army Staff Appointed in India". Arab News. 1 January 2005. Archived from the original on 17 December 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  33. ^ "National : New Vice-Chief of Army Staff". The Hindu. 1 January 2005. Archived from the original on 16 February 2005. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  34. ^ "K S Jamwal is new GoC-in-C, Eastern Command". Zee News. 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  35. ^ "Lt Gen Kapoor to be new VCOAS; Panag, Jamwal to head N, E Cmds". www.oneindia.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  36. ^ "Army chief gets his way, Panag shifted out of J&K - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  37. ^ "Press Information Bureau". Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  38. ^ "Press Information Bureau". Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  39. ^ "Lt. Gen. Naravane appointed Eastern Army Commander". The Hindu. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  40. ^ "Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan takes over as Eastern Army Commander". The Times of India.
  41. ^ Pande, Manoj. "Manoj Pande to take over Eastern Command".
  42. ^ "Lt. Gen. Rana P Kalita Takes Charge as General Officer Commanding in Chief in Kolkata". Sentinel Assam. 25 January 2022.

Further reading

  • Richard A. Renaldi; Ravi Rikhe (2011), 'Indian Army Order of Battle', Orbat.com for Tiger Lily Books: A division of General Data LLC, ISBN 978-0-9820541-7-8.

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