Dubai Millennium

Dubai Millennium
Racing colours of Godolphin
SireSeeking The Gold
GrandsireMr. Prospector
DamColorado Dancer
DamsireShareef Dancer
SexStallion
Foaled(1996-03-02)2 March 1996
Died29 April 2001(2001-04-29) (aged 5)
CountryGreat Britain
ColourBay
BreederSheikh Mohammed
OwnerGodolphin Stables
TrainerDavid Loder
Saeed bin Suroor
Record10: 9-0-0
Earnings$4,452,047
Major wins
Predominate Stakes (1999)
Prix Eugène Adam (1999)
Prix Jacques Le Marois (1999)
Queen Elizabeth II Stakes (1999)
Al Maktoum Challenge, Round 3 (2000)
Dubai World Cup (2000)
Prince of Wales's Stakes (2000)
Awards
Timeform rating: 140
British Champions Series Hall of Fame (2024)
Last updated on 27 August 2024

Dubai Millennium (2 March 1996 – 29 April 2001) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. The colt was trained in the United Kingdom and Dubai during his racing career from 1998 and 2000. He is notable for winning a series of major races in 1999 and 2000, including the Dubai World Cup. He died after contracting grass sickness at the age of five.

Background

Dubai Millennium was foaled on 20 March 1996 at the Dalham Hall Stud.[1] He was by the Mr. Prospector stallion Seeking The Gold, out of the Prix de Pomone winner Colorado Dancer.[2] Apart from Dubai Millennium, Seeking the Gold sired the winners of 27 Group One/Grade I races including Pleasant Home, Jazil, and Bob and John[3] Colorado Dancer was a daughter of Fall Aspen, a highly successful broodmare who produced eight winners of Group/Graded races including Preakness Stakes winner Timber Country.[4]

Dubai Millennium was originally sent into training with David Loder at Newmarket and was ridden in all but one of his races by Frankie Dettori.

He was initially named Yaazer1 (meaning "white gazelle"[5]), but Sheikh Mohammed, owner of Godolphin, renamed the colt Dubai Millennium after he was identified2 as the most promising of his two-year-old colts.[6]

Racing career

1998: two-year-old season

Dubai Millennium made his debut as a two-year-old at Yarmouth in October 1998. He started odds-on favourite and won by five lengths despite being eased down by jockey Frankie Dettori in the closing stages.[7]

At the end of the year, Dubai Millennium was transferred to the stable of Saeed bin Suroor and wintered at the Godolphin training facility in Dubai.

During the winter, he began to appear in the betting list for the following year's Derby, although some felt that his name was the main reason for the attention.[8]

1999: three-year-old season

Dubai Millennium began his three-year-old season at Doncaster in May, where he was "impressive" in leading from the start and winning by nine lengths.[9] On his next start, he was moved up in class and distance for the Listed Predominate Stakes over a mile and a quarter at Goodwood, a recognised trial for the Derby.[10] Accompanied by a large Godolphin entourage and looking "magnificent",[8] he started at odds of 4/11. In the race, he moved to take the lead two furlongs from home and went clear to win by three and a half lengths.[11] Immediately afterwards, his connections expressed no worries about the Derby distance, although some concern was expressed about the possibility of firm ground, which was felt to be unsuitable for such a big, heavily built horse.[8]

Dubai Millennium was reported to have thrived after Goodwood[12] and was sent to Epsom for the Derby, where he was made favourite, although his starting price of 5/1 reflected the open nature of a race in which many lightly raced, untested colts were entered. He pulled hard early on, and after making a brief effort early in the straight, finished ninth of the sixteen runners, beaten just over nine lengths by Oath.[13] It was his only defeat and the only time he was tried over the mile and a half distance.

Following the Derby, Dubai Millennium was campaigned over shorter races for the rest of the season. In July, he was sent to France for the Group Two Prix Eugène Adam at Maisons-Laffitte and led from the start to win "unchallenged" by three lengths.[14]

Hopes that he would be matched against Royal Anthem in the International Stakes[15] were not fulfilled as he was instead brought back to one mile for the Prix Jacques Le Marois at Deauville. On heavy, rain-softened ground he once again led all the way and "surged" clear in the closing stages to beat the Grand Prix de Paris winner Slickly by two and a half lengths. The leading French colt Sendawar was withdrawn because of the soft ground. After the race, Dettori called Dubai Millennium "a champion".[16]

On his final start of the year, in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes at Ascot, he took the lead two furlongs from the finish and pulled clear to win by six lengths. After the race, Sheikh Mohammed made clear his view that Dubai Millennium was the best horse ever prepared by his Godolphin organisation and that he would be aimed at the following year's Dubai World Cup.[5]

2000: four-year-old season

Dubai Millennium once again wintered in the Persian Gulf and warmed up for the Dubai World Cup with a four and a half length win over the Prince of Wales's Stakes winner Lear Spear in a round of the Listed Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid al Maktoum Challenge in which he raced on dirt for the first time.[17]

In the World Cup three weeks later, he led after a furlong and pulled steadily away from the field in the closing stages to win in "devastating fashion"[18] beating Behrens by six lengths with the rest of the opposition at least five lengths further back.[19] His performance in winning the world's most valuable horse race in track-record time was acclaimed as an "awesome display", and Dettori called the colt "the best I've ever ridden... absolutely unbelievable".[20]

On his return to Europe, Dubai Millennium contested the Prince of Wales's Stakes at Royal Ascot, in which he was ridden by Jerry Bailey, Dettori having been injured in a plane crash.[21] In this race, he was finally matched against Sendawar, who by now had won four Group One races and was unbeaten for more than a year. Such was the reputation of the French colt that, for the only time in his career, Dubai Millennium was not the favourite, starting at odds of 5/4 behind Sendawar at 6/5. The challenge did not materialise, however, with Dubai Millennium leading from the start and finishing eight lengths clear of the German challenger Sumitas, with Sendawar, who had attempted to track the winner throughout the race, fading into fourth. When Bailey was asked to compare Dubai Millennium with the American champion Cigar, he described him as "equally impressive."[22]

Sheikh Mohammed clearly considered Dubai Millennium the greatest racehorse in the world and sought to race him against Michael Tabor's Arc and King George winner Montjeu, offering to pay Montjeu's entry fee to the Breeders' Cup.[23] Tabor resisted the challenge but told the media he wanted the two horses to be pitted against each other. A media circus erupted, culminating in Sheikh Mohammed proposing a one:one meeting between the two horses and putting down $6 million to back Dubai Millennium to win. Tabor was to match the wager if he took up the challenge. On the morning of Saturday, August 5, as copies of Racing Post bearing the challenge to Tabor from Sheikh Mohammed were distributed, Dubai Millennium suffered a broken leg (a "lateral condylar fracture") in training.[24] His life was saved by an operation, but his racing career was over.[25]

Race record

Date Race Dist (f) Course Class Prize (£K) Odds Runners Placing Margin Time Jockey Trainer
28 October 1998 South Norfolk Caterers Maiden Stakes 8 Yarmouth M 3 4/9 18 1 5 1:43.30 Frankie Dettori David Loder
3 May 1999 Doncaster Sponsorship Club Stakes 8 Doncaster 5 4/6 4 1 9 1:36.60 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
18 May 1999 Predominate Stakes 10 Goodwood L 20 4/11 6 1 3.5 2:07.54 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
5 June 1999 Derby 12 Epsom 1 611 5/1 16 9 9.25 2:37.43 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
18 July 1999 Prix Eugène Adam 10 Maisons-Laffitte 2 32 7/10 5 1 3 2:03.60 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
15 August 1999 Prix Jacques Le Marois 8 Deauville 1 107 4/1 5 1 2.5 1:44.30 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
26 September 1999 Queen Elizabeth II Stakes 8 Ascot 1 195 4/9 4 1 6 1:46.24 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
2 March 2000 Maktoum bin Rashid al Maktoum Challenge 10 Nad Al Sheba L 6 1 4.5 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
25 March 2000 Dubai World Cup 10 Nad Al Sheba 1 2195 1/2 13 1 6 1:59.50 Frankie Dettori Saeed bin Suroor
21 June 2000 Prince of Wales's Stakes 10 Ascot 1 156 5/4 6 1 8 2.07.48 Jerry Bailey Saeed bin Suroor

Assessment

In the International Classification (the forerunner of the World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings), Dubai Millennium was named the best racehorse in the world in 2000. His rating of 134 was ahead of Sinndar (132) and Montjeu (130).[26] The rating was considered rather disappointing for those who had considered him a true "great".[27] He had previously been awarded a rating of 127 for his 1999 performances.[28]

Dubai Millennium was given a Timeform rating of 140, the highest since Dancing Brave in 1986. It placed him in the top ten since that organisation was founded in 1948.[29]

Dalham, where Dubai Millennium was born and died

Dubai Millennium never won a Cartier Racing Award. In 1999 he was beaten to the titles of Champion Three-Year-Old Colt and Horse of the Year by Montjeu and Daylami respectively. A year later Giant's Causeway was Horse of the Year, with Kalanisi being named Champion Older Horse.

Stud career

Dubai Millennium was retired to the Dalham Hall Stud, part of the Darley Stud organisation. His stallion fee in his first season was set at £100,000.[30]

In April 2001, the horse became gravely ill with what was quickly diagnosed as grass sickness. Intensive veterinary treatment and three operations were not sufficient to save Dubai Millennium, and he was euthanised whilst still under anaesthetic on 29 April. The Dick Vet research finally isolated a neurotoxic enzyme similar to snake venom and has postulated this enzyme as the probable cause of equine grass sickness.[31] He is buried at the Dalham Hall Stud.[1]

His only crop of foals produced several winners, including the Prix Daniel Wildenstein winner Echo of Light and, most notably, Dubawi.[32] Dubawi won National Stakes, the Irish 2,000 Guineas and the Prix Jacques Le Marois and went on to sire the 2,000 Guineas winner Makfi and many other important winners.[33]

Pedigree

Pedigree of Dubai Millennium (GB), bay stallion, 1996
Sire
Seeking The Gold (USA)
1985 		Mr. Prospector (USA)
1970 		Raise a Native Native Dancer
Raise You
Gold Digger Nashua
Sequence
Con Game (USA)
1974 		Buckpasser Tom Fool
Busanda
Broadway Hasty Road
Flitabout
Dam
Colorado Dancer (IRE)
1986 		Shareef Dancer (USA)
1980 		Northern Dancer Nearctic
Natalma
Sweet Alliance Sir Ivor
Mrs Peterkin
Fall Aspen (USA)
1976 		Pretense Endeavour II
Imitation
Change Water Swaps
Portage

See also

Notes

1 The colt's original name has also been reported as "Yazzer", "Yazaar" and "Yareek".

2 Sources differ as to whether the colt was identified by David Loder or Sheikh Mohammed.

References

  1. ^ a b "Dubai Millennium dead". The Independent. 1 May 2001. Archived from the original on 6 November 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  2. ^ "Dubai Millennium pedigree". Racing Post. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  3. ^ "Seeking The Gold Stud Record". Racing Post. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  4. ^ "Tribute to Dubai Millennium by Nigel Pullen". Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  5. ^ a b Edmondson, Richard (27 September 1999). "Racing: Sheikh sends Millennium on treasure trail – Sport". The Independent. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  6. ^ "Loder to quit over health fears". BBC News. 2 August 2005. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  7. ^ "South Norfolk Caterers Maiden Stakes". Timeform. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  8. ^ a b c Edmondson, Richard (19 May 1999). "Millennium dominates Predominate". The Independent. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  9. ^ "Doncaster Racecourse Sponsorship Club Conditions Stakes". Timeform. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  10. ^ "Espom Derby Trial Races". Epsomderby.org. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  11. ^ "Predominate Stakes". Timeform. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  12. ^ Montgomery, Sue (30 May 1999). "Dubai Millennium the class act". The Independent. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  13. ^ "Epsom Derby". Timeform. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  14. ^ "Dubai in return to form in France". The Independent. 19 July 1999. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  15. ^ Edmondson, Richard (13 August 1999). "Dubai's pride heads to York". The Independent. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  16. ^ Edmondson, Richard (16 August 1999). "Millennium makes all in the mud". The Independent. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  17. ^ "Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid al Maktoum Challenge". Timeform. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  18. ^ "Dubai comes and goes like a dream". The Independent. 27 March 2000. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  19. ^ "Dubai World Cup". Timeform. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  20. ^ "Millennium meets date with destiny". The Independent. 26 March 2000. Retrieved 12 September 2011.[dead link‍]
  21. ^ "Dettori set to be released today". Retrieved 12 September 2011 – via The Free Library.
  22. ^ J A McGrath (22 June 2000). "Royal Ascot: Dubai the destroyer on top of the world". Telegraph. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  23. ^ "Clash with Dubai Millennium will have to wait". Telegraph. 30 July 2000. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  24. ^ Pagones, Rachel (2007). Dubai Millennium: A Vision Realised, A Dream Lost. UK: Highdown. pp. 112–118. ISBN 9781905156320.
  25. ^ Wallace, Sam (7 August 2000). "Hero of the Turf goes off to stud". Telegraph. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  26. ^ "EndMaterial2001.qxd" (PDF). Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  27. ^ "Millennium is an also ran in greatest race". The Independent.[dead link‍]
  28. ^ "International Classifications: Montjeu ranks among greats. - Free Online Library".
  29. ^ "Dosage". Chef-de-race.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  30. ^ Armytage, Marcus (29 November 2000). "Dubai stud fee set at £100,000". Telegraph. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  31. ^ Knapton, Sarah (5 December 2024). "Breakthrough discovery in horse disease that killed Frankie Dettori champion". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  32. ^ "Dubai Millennium Stud Record". Racing Post. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  33. ^ "Dubawi Stud Record". Racing Post. Retrieved 12 September 2011.

Read other articles:

Lemuria

Lemuria (/lɪˈmʊriə/) adalah benua hipotesis yang diusulkan oleh ahli zoologi Philip Sclater pada tahun 1864, yang berteori tentang tenggelamnya sebuah benua di bawah Samudra Hindia, kemudian teori ini diambil alih oleh para okultis dengan dugaan asal usul manusia. Teori ini didiskreditkan dengan penemuan lempeng tektonik dan pergeseran benua pada abad ke-20.[1] Hipotesis ini diajukan sebagai penjelasan atas keberadaan fosil lemur di Madagaskar dan India, tetapi tidak ditemukan di ...

 

Akad (lagu)

AkadSingel oleh Payung Teduhdari album Ruang TungguDirilis23 Juni 2017FormatUnduhan digitalGenreJazz, PopDurasi4:19LabelPararaPenciptaMoh. Istiqamah DjamadProduserAroel Stereomantic & Payung Teduh Akad adalah lagu dari grup musik Indonesia, Payung Teduh, yang ditulis oleh vokalis mereka Moh. Istiqamah Djamad. Lagu ini dirilis sebagai singel pertama dari album ketiga mereka, Ruang Tunggu, pada tanggal 23 Juni 2017. Akad memenangkan Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2017 untuk kategori Karya Produks...

 

Vanuatu

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Oceania non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Vanuatu (dettagli) (dettagli) (EN) Let us stand firm in God(BI) Long God yumi stanap(IT) Restiamo saldi in Dio Vanuatu - Localizzazione Dati amministrativiNome completoRepubblica di Vanuatu Nome ufficiale(BI) Ripa...

Austénite

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (décembre 2014). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références » En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? ...

 

Keuskupan Gaspé

Keuskupan GaspéDioecesis GaspesiensisKatolik Katedral Christ-Roi, GaspéLokasiNegara KanadaProvinsi gerejawiQuebecPopulasi- Katolik83,400 (89.3%)InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaRitusRitus RomaPendirian5 Mei 1922KatedralCathedrale du Christ-RoiKepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskupGaétan Proulx, O.S.M.Situs webKeuskupan Gaspé Keuskupan Gaspé (bahasa Latin: Dioecesis Gaspesiensis) (didirikan pada 5 Mei 1922) adalah sebuah suffragan dari Keuskupan Agung Rimouski. Pemimpi...

 

Schnega

Municipality in Lower Saxony, GermanySchnegma MunicipalityLocation of Schnegma within Lüchow-Dannenberg district Schnegma Show map of GermanySchnegma Show map of Lower SaxonyCoordinates: 52°53′N 10°53′E / 52.883°N 10.883°E / 52.883; 10.883CountryGermanyStateLower SaxonyDistrictLüchow-Dannenberg Municipal assoc.Lüchow (Wendland)Subdivisions14 OrtsteileGovernment • MayorAnnegret Gerstenkorn (CDU)Area • Total53.95 km2 (20.83 sq...

Symplectic geometry

Branch of differential geometry and differential topology Phase portrait of the Van der Pol oscillator, a one-dimensional system. Phase space was the original object of study in symplectic geometry. Symplectic geometry is a branch of differential geometry and differential topology that studies symplectic manifolds; that is, differentiable manifolds equipped with a closed, nondegenerate 2-form. Symplectic geometry has its origins in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics where the ...

 

Brien McMahon

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Brian McMahon. Brien McMahonFonctionsSénateur des États-Unis82e Congrès des États-Unis (en)Connecticut Class 3 senate seat (d)3 janvier 1951 - 28 juillet 1952William A. Purtell (en)Sénateur des États-Unis81e Congrès des États-Unis (en)Connecticut Class 3 senate seat (d)3 janvier 1949 - 3 janvier 1951Sénateur des États-Unis80e Congrès des États-Unis (en)Connecticut Class 3 senate seat (d)3 janvier 1947 - 3 janvier 1949Sénateur des États-Unis79e Co...

 

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔 二級上將 （追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

Абердин

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Абердин (значения). ГородАбердинангл. Aberdeen, скотс Aiberdeen гэльск. Obar Dheathain Флаг Герб 57°09′00″ с. ш. 02°06′00″ з. д.HGЯO Страна  Великобритания Статус административный центр округа Регион Шотландия Округ Абердин-С�...

 

2015 Russian Grand Prix

15th round of the 2015 Formula One season 2015 Russian Grand Prix Race 15 of 19 in the 2015 Formula One World Championship← Previous raceNext race → Layout of the Sochi AutodromRace detailsDate 11 October 2015Official name 2015 Formula 1 Russian Grand Prix[1]Location Sochi Autodrom, Adlersky City District, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, RussiaCourse Temporary street circuitCourse length 5.848 km (3.634 miles)Distance 53 laps, 309.745 km (192.467 miles)Weather Partly cl...

 

约翰斯顿环礁

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌：《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

约翰斯顿环礁

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌：《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

 

Germantown Academy

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Germantown Academy – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Not to be confused with Germantown Friends School. Private school in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, United StatesGermantown AcademyAddre...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories

Language policies in Canada The language policies of Canada's province and territories vary between the provinces and territories of Canada. Although the federal government operates as an officially bilingual institution, providing services in English and French, several provincial governments have also instituted or legislated their own language policies. From the 1890s until the 1960s, English was the only language in which most government services were provided outside of Quebec (which was...

 

William Babcock Hazen

Chief Signal Officer, U.S. ArmyWilliam Babcock HazenBorn(1830-09-27)September 27, 1830West Hartford, VermontDiedJanuary 16, 1887(1887-01-16) (aged 56)Washington, D.C.Place of burialArlington National CemeteryAllegianceUnited States of AmericaUnionService/branchUnited States ArmyUnion ArmyYears of service1855–1887Rank Major GeneralCommands heldXV CorpsUS Army Signal CorpsBattles/warsIndian WarsAmerican Civil WarBattle of Stones River (1862)Battle of Fort McAllister (1864)Signature...

 

Cartagena, Colombia

City in coastal northern Colombia For the Spanish city, see Cartagena, Spain. District and city in Bolívar, ColombiaCartagenaDistrict and cityCartagena de IndiasTop: Bocagrande Harbor. Second row: View of Santa Cruz Manga Island, Heredia Theatre. Third row: ClockTower (Torre del Reloj), Pilar Republicano, San Felipe Barajas Castle (Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas) (above), Charleston Hotel (below). Bottom: City Skyline. FlagSealNicknames: La ciudad mágica (The Magic City) La ciudad c...

1675

SÉCULOS: Século XVI — Século XVII — Século XVIII DÉCADAS: 1620 • 1630 • 1640 • 1650 • 1660 • 1670 • 1680 • 1690 • 1700 • 1710 • 1720 ANOS: 1670 • 1671 • 1672 • 1673 • 1674 • 1675 • 1676 • 1677 • 1678 • 1679 • 1680 Outros projetos Wikimedia também contêm material sobre este tema: Textos originais no Wikisource Wikisource 1675 em outros calendários Calendário gregoriano 1675 MDCLXXV Ab urbe condita 2428 Calendário arménio 1...

 

Subdiakon

Bagian dari seri tentangHierarki Gereja KatolikSanto Petrus Gelar Gerejawi (Jenjang Kehormatan) Paus Kardinal Kardinal Kerabat Kardinal pelindung Kardinal mahkota Kardinal vikaris Moderator kuria Kapelan Sri Paus Utusan Sri Paus Kepala Rumah Tangga Kepausan Nunsio Apostolik Delegatus Apostolik Sindik Apostolik Visitor apostolik Vikaris Apostolik Eksarkus Apostolik Prefek Apostolik Asisten Takhta Kepausan Eparkus Metropolitan Batrik Uskup Uskup agung Uskup emeritus Uskup diosesan Uskup agung u...