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Diplocercides; Temporal range: Frasnian to middle Famennian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Diplocercides heiligostockensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Sarcopterygii
Class:	Actinistia
Family:	†Diplocercididae
Genus:	†Diplocercides; Stensiö, 1922
Species
	D. heiligenstockiensis Jessen, 1966; D. kayseri von Koenen, 1895; D. jaekeli Stensiö, 1922;

Diplocercides is an extinct genus of marine coelacanth which lived during the Late Devonian period.

Taxonomy

The following species are known:

D. heiligenstockiensis Jessen, 1966 - Frasnian of Germany (Bergisch Gladbach Formation)^[1]
D. kayseri (von Koenen, 1895) - late Frasnian of Germany (Kellwasserkalk Formation) and early to middle Famennian of Poland (Holy Cross Mountains) (=Nesides schmidti Stensio 1937)^[1]^[2]
D. jaekeli Stensiö, 1922 - Frasnian of Germany (Bergisch Gladbach Formation)^[1]

Indeterminate remains are known from the Frasnian of Iran.^[1] Specimens from South Africa that were formerly assigned to this genus have since been described in their own genus, Serenichthys. Another alleged specimen from the Frasnian-aged Gogo Formation of Australia^[3] was also later described in its own genus, Ngamugawi.^[4] The species D. davisi Moy-Thomas, 1937, from the Mississippian of Ireland, which was formerly thought to be the only post-Devonian species, is now thought to represent a subadult Rhabdoderma, indicating that Diplocercides likely went extinct by the End-Devonian extinction.^[2]^[5]

Description

Fossils of the species D. kayseri are known to have three-dimensionally preserved cranial endocasts, making it one of the only known coelacanths aside from the extant Latimeria where the shape of the brain is known. These endocasts have been destroyed by serial grinding, but still survive as wax mounts.^[3]^[4] In 2010, three-dimensional specimens of tentative Diplocercides were described from the Gogo Formation of Western Australia, with these also containing preserved endocasts; these were later described in their own genus, Ngamugawi.^[3]^[4]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Forey, Peter L.; Ahlberg, Per E.; Lukševičs, Ervins; Zupiņš, Ivars (2000). "A New Coelacanth from the Middle Devonian of Latvia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (2): 243–252. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ ^a ^b Szrek, Piotr (2007-12-10). "Coelacanths (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland". Acta Geologica Polonica. 57 (4): 403–413.
^ ^a ^b ^c Long, John A.; Trinajstic, Kate (2010-04-01). "The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lägerstatte of Western Australia: Exceptional Early Vertebrate Preservation and Diversity". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 38 (1): 255–279. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152416. ISSN 0084-6597.
^ ^a ^b ^c Clement, Alice M.; Cloutier, Richard; Lee, Michael S. Y.; King, Benedict; Vanhaesebroucke, Olivia; Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Dutel, Hugo; Trinajstic, Kate; Long, John A. (2024-09-12). "A Late Devonian coelacanth reconfigures actinistian phylogeny, disparity, and evolutionary dynamics". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 7529. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51238-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11392942.
^ Gess, Robert W.; Coates, Michael I. (2015). "Fossil juvenile coelacanths from the Devonian of South Africa shed light on the order of character acquisition in actinistians: Fossil Coelacanths from the South African Devonian". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 360–383. doi:10.1111/zoj.12276.
^ Clement, Alice; King, Benedict; Trinajstic, Kate; Cloutier, Richard; Long, John (2017). "An exceptional 3D coelacanth (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygyii) from the Devonian of Australia and interpretation of fossil cranial endocasts: 14th International Symposium on Early and Lower Vertebrates". 14th International Symposium on Early and Lower Vertebrates, Chęciny, Poland. doi:10.5167/uzh-138408.

Bibliography

LONG, J.A. & TRINAJSTIC, K. 2010. The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lagerstatte –Exceptional preservation and Diversity in early Vertebrates. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 665-680