De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy (La Boîte-en-valise)

Duchamp's Boîte-en-valise, Cleveland Museum of Art

La Boîte-en-valise (box in a suitcase) is a type of mixed media assemblage by Marcel Duchamp consisting of a group of reproductions of the artist's works inside a box that was, in some cases, accompanied by a leather valise or suitcase. Duchamp made multiple versions of this type between 1935 and 1966.[1] Titled From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (The Box in a Valise) (de ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy [Boîte-en-valise]), Duchamp conceived of the boxes as a portable museum:

Instead of painting something new, my aim was to reproduce the paintings and objects I liked and collect them in as small a space as possible. I did not know how to go about it. I first thought of a book, but I did not like the idea. Then it occurred to me that it could be a box in which all my works would be collected and mounted like in a small museum, a portable museum, so to speak. This is it, this valise.[2][3]

Design

Launched in 1935 and sold from 1941 by subscription in the United States, the box-in-a-suitcase is based on the idea of the condensed universe of the boîte surréaliste and a cabinet of curiosities as a portable museum.[citation needed]

The work consists of a brown leather carrying case[4] (the prospectus describes it as a "leather pull-out box"), 40 x 37.5 x 8.2 cm, containing 69 reproductions of the major works by Duchamp, including many photographs, lithographs and miniature replicas of ready-mades like Fountain, and reduced-sizes models on Rhodoïd (cellulose acetate) such as The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even.

From 1941 to 1966, 312[5] boxes were produced for subscribers. The first series, numbered I/X through XX/XX, (known as luxury editions) contain an original work by Duchamp on the inside lid of the case.[6][7] All are signed "De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy" ("From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy").

In 1935 Duchamp wrote in a letter to Katherine Dreier: "I want to make, sometime, an album of approximately all the things I produced."[8]

1945 advertisement for the Art of This Century gallery, listing the Valise for sale for $125 to $200

Between 1935 and 1941 Duchamp create a number of boxes called The Box in a Valise or From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Selavy, that contained three 3-dimensional replicas of his works; Paris Air, Underwood and Fountain.[9] The work was released in seven series, A through G. The first series, A, is numbered I/XX though XX/XX and is a deluxe edition containing an original work of art, mounted in the lid of the box. It contains replicas of Duchamp's works mounted in a wooden frame that slide out in two wings, steadied by brass clips. The case contains 69 reproductions. The colour reproductions were produced using an already obsolete technique called pochoir, where a stencil was used to apply colour on a black-and-white reproduction, making every image, in a way, an original.[10][11] The Large Glass is reproduced on Rhodoïd (cellulose acetate). The works in the deluxe edition consist of a plywood box, fitted inside a leather-covered suitcase. When the box is opened, the frame is exposed in the form of an "M" for "Marcel".[11]

The color reproductions created using the pochoir technique took approximately 8 weeks to make. They were based on extensive colour notes taken by Duchamp, who travelled to visit each work and take notes.[12] Prints contain approximately 30 individual colours.[13][12] Duchamp eventually tired of creating the boxes himself and hired assistants to aid in their construction, including Xenia Cage and Joseph Cornell.[11]

Around the same time that Duchamp worked on the Box in a Valise, Walter Benjamin published The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. While Benjamin lamented the loss of the artwork's aura, Duchamp appears to have embraced it.[11] Duchamp delighted in the fact that critics at the time still clung to the auratic notion of the singular art work and considered the work a print edition, not a work of art in itself.[citation needed] Benjamin himself, on the other hand, in 1937 in his diary noted: "Saw Duchamp this morning, same café on the Boulevard St. Germain. Showed me his painting, Nude Descending a Staircase, in a reduced format, coloured by hand, en-pochoir. Breathtakingly beautiful."[citation needed] Rosalind Krauss describes how the reproductions became originals (stamped by the artist's hand), yet resisted the notion of artistic singularity in both their status as prints and their identities as miniaturized copies of singular artworks.[12]

The reproductions carry a stamp from a notary, who authenticated the facsimiles at the request of Duchamp. [citation needed]As scholar David Joselit argues, though the reproductions appear to be commemorating Duchamp's oeuvre in order to consolidate his artistic reputation, the compulsive act of repetition both constitutes and destroys the self: Duchamp treats his own identity as a readymade.[14]

Series

The work was released in seven series, A through G, between 1941 and 1971, with a total of more than 300 copies.[15]

The first series, A, is numbered I/XX though XX/XX and is a deluxe edition containing an original work of art, mounted in the lid of the box. It was sold between 1941 and 1949.[15]

Series B comprised 60 to 75 boxes sold between 1941 and 1954.[15][16]

Series C, of 30 boxes, was produced in 1958 in Paris, assembled by Ilia Zdanevich.[15][16]

Series D and E, with 30 boxes each, were produced in 1961 and 1963, respectively, by Jaqueline Matisse Monnier, Duchamp's stepdaughter, in Paris.[15][16]

Series F was produced in Milan by Arturo Schwarz in 1966, with 75 copies in a red leather valise.[11][15] In addition to the standard 68 works in the previous series, the F series contains 12 additional works, including the Wedge of Chastity and Objet-dart.[11]

Schwarz produced 47 boxes for Series G from 1966 to 1971, continuing even after Duchamp's 1968 death.[15][16]

Legacy

The Fluxus group borrowed the idea of the Boite-en-valise for their Fluxkits.

Museum collections

Series A 1941–49

Series B 1941–54

Series C 1958

Series D 1961

Series E 1963

Series F 1966

Bibliography

  • Bonk, Ecke (1989). Marcel Duchamp the box in a valise: de ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Selavy. New York, NY: Rizzoli. OCLC 993482738.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "MoMA.org | Interactives | Exhibitions | 1999 | Museum as Muse | Duchamp". www.moma.org. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  2. ^ Marcel Duchamp interview on Art and Dada (1956), retrieved 2021-06-26
  3. ^ Nelson, James (1958). Wisdom: conversations with the elder wise men of our day. Internet Archive. New York, Norton. p. 98.
  4. ^ "MoMA.org | Interactives | Exhibitions | 1999 | Museum as Muse | Duchamp". www.moma.org. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  5. ^ 300 according to Centre Pompidou
  6. ^ Grrr.nl. "La boîte-en-valise - Marcel Duchamp". www.stedelijk.nl. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  7. ^ Duchamp's 'La Boîte-en-Valise' [Box in a Suitcase] installation video, retrieved 2021-06-26
  8. ^ Stahl, Joan (1990). "Review of MARCEL DUCHAMP: THE BOX IN A VALISE". Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America. 9 (3): 153. doi:10.1086/adx.9.3.27948252. JSTOR 27948252.
  9. ^ "Box in Valise". www.toutfait.com. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  10. ^ "Afterthought: Ruminations on Duchamp and Walter Benjamin | Toutfait". www.toutfait.com. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Dartmouth (2012-05-02), Marcel Duchamp: The Box in a Valise, retrieved 2018-11-08
  12. ^ a b c Foster, Hal; Krauss, Rosalind; Bois, Yve-Alain; Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. (2016). Art since 1900: modernism, antimodernism, postmodernism (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Thames & Hudson. pp. 322–323. ISBN 978-0-500-29271-6. OCLC 940361732.
  13. ^ Bonk, Ecke (1989). Marcel Duchamp the box in a valise: de ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Selavy. New York, NY: Rizzoli. OCLC 993482738.
  14. ^ David., Joselit (2001). Infinite regress : Marcel Duchamp, 1910-1941. MIT. ISBN 0-262-60038-2. OCLC 889737705.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Kamien-Kazhdan, p. 86
  16. ^ a b c d e f Schwarz, p. 764
  17. ^ "Marcel Duchamp: From or By Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (The Box in a Valise)". Akron Art Museum. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  18. ^ "La Boîte-en-valise". Centre Pompidou. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  19. ^ "Boîte-en-Valise". Wesleyan University, Davison Art Center. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  20. ^ "Collection: Boite (Box)". MCA. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  21. ^ "Boîte-en-valise, 1961". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  22. ^ "Box in a Valise from or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy". National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  23. ^ "Marcel Duchamp, La boîte-en-valise (Box in a Suitcase), 1935-1941". San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  24. ^ "De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy". Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  25. ^ "Marcel Duchamp's World in a Box: Fixing a Famous Valise". Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  26. ^ "Marcel Duchamp Box in a Valise (From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy)". Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  27. ^ Bonk, Ecke (May 1999). "Capital M Is for...". MoMA. 2 (4): 6. JSTOR 4420350.
  28. ^ "Box in a Valise". Peggy Guggenheim Collection. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  29. ^ "From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (Box in a Valise)". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  30. ^ "La Boîte-en-Valise [Box in a Suitcase]". National Galleries Scotland. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  31. ^ nationalgalleries (2013-03-01), Duchamp's 'La Boîte-en-Valise' [Box in a Suitcase] installation video, retrieved 2018-11-08
  32. ^ a b "Sammlung Marcel Duchamp". www.museum-schwerin.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  33. ^ "La boîte-en-valise – Marcel Duchamp". Stedelijk Museum. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  34. ^ "Boîte-en-valise (Box in a Valise)". Yale University Art Gallery. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  35. ^ "Kemper Art Museum acquires Marcel Duchamp 'Boîte-en-valise' | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis". The Source. 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  36. ^ "La Boîte-en-Valise (The Box in a Valise)". Weisman Art Museum. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  37. ^ "Focus on the Collection – Marcel Duchamp, La Boîte-en-Valise (The Box in a Valise)". Weisman Art Museum. May 14, 2013. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  38. ^ a b "Marcel Duchamp. From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (The Box in a Valise) (de ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy (Boîte-en-valise). published 1966, reproductions produced 1935-40 and 1963-66 | MoMA". www.moma.org. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  39. ^ a b Campbell, p. S57
  40. ^ "Boîte-en-valise (De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy)". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  41. ^ "Boîte-en-Valise (Box in a Valise)". Minneapolis Institute of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  42. ^ "Boîte-en-valise (Box in a Suitcase)". Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  43. ^ "Boîte-en-valise (Box in a Suitcase)". Norton Simon Museum. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  44. ^ "Cincinnati Art Museum presents Marcel Duchamp: Boîte-en-valise" (Press release). Cincinnati Art Museum. February 16, 2018. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  45. ^ "Box in a Valise (Boîte-en-valise)". Smart Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  46. ^ "From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy". Cleveland Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  47. ^ "De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rose Selavy (Boite-en-valise, Series F) [Box in a Valise]". Hood Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  48. ^ "From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rose Selavy (Box in a Suitcase)". The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  49. ^ "From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Selavy (The Box in a Valise)". Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  50. ^ Campbell, p. S58
  51. ^ "From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (Box in a Valise)". M+. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  52. ^ "From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (Box in a Valise)". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  53. ^ "Boîte-en-valise, Series F". Portland Art Museum. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  54. ^ "Box in a Valise (Boîte-en-valise)". Smart Museum of Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  55. ^ "Marcel Duchamp, Series F Boîte". Whitney Museum of American Art. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

Sources

  • Campbell, Brenna; Lévèque, Élodie; Jue, Erin (2012). "Marcel Duchamp's Boîtes-en-valise: Collaboration and conservation". Studies in Conservation. 57 (sup1): S52 – S60. doi:10.1179/2047058412Y.0000000017.
  • Kamien-Kazhdan, Adina (2018). Remaking the Readymade: Duchamp, Man Ray, and the Conundrum of the Replica. Routledge.
  • Schwarz, Arturo (1997). The Complete Works of Marcel Duchamp. Delano Greenidge.

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