"Daydream" is a song by the American folk-rock band the Lovin' Spoonful. Written by John Sebastian, it was issued as a single in February1966 and was the title track of the band's second album, Daydream, released the following month. The song was the Spoonful's third consecutive single to enter the top ten in the United States, and it was their best performing to that point, reaching number two. The single's European release coincided with a British and Swedish promotional tour, leading the song to be the band's first major hit outside North America. It topped sales charts in Canada and Sweden, and it was ultimately the band's most successful record in the United Kingdom, where it reached number two.
Sebastian composed "Daydream" in November1965 in an effort to lift his spirits amid a grueling three-week tour of the American South. He was initially inspired by the music of the Supremes, with whom the Spoonful were then touring, and the final composition relates to his earliest influences in jug band music. The following month, during a break from their busy touring schedule, the Spoonful recorded the song at Bell Sound Studios in New York City. Among the instruments on the finished recording are a honky-tonk piano and four differently textured guitars, one of which uses a volume-control pedal. "Daydream" proved influential, especially among British musicians, directly inspiring the 1966 compositions "Good Day Sunshine" by the Beatles and "Sunny Afternoon" by the Kinks.
Background and composition
John Sebastian composed "Daydream" in November1965, during a 19-day tour through the American South.[1]The Lovin' Spoonful served as a support act during the tour for the American girl group the Supremes, and the two groups traveled together on the same bus.[2][3] The Spoonful generally enjoyed the experience but found the schedule physically exhausting, and Sebastian additionally missed his girlfriend, Loretta "Lorey" Kaye.[4] On a rainy day near the tour's end, Sebastian was feeling particularly depressed and sought to raise his own spirits by writing a song.[4][5] While riding the bus to their November27 show in Greensboro, North Carolina,[6] he composed "Daydream", finishing the song in around twenty minutes.[4][5]
Sebastian initially hoped to compose a song like the Supremes' 1964 singles "Baby Love" and "Where Did Our Love Go", both of which he thought had a "straight eighth feel".[3] Employing a "trick figure" he had devised months earlier to play the songs on guitar,[5] his arrangement of "Baby Love" for a single guitar transformed into "Daydream".[7] The song employs swing, a rhythmic feel commonly heard in both jazz and blues,[8] but Sebastian later clarified that, like both of the Supremes' songs, the shuffle "[is not] all the way expressed".[9] For his vocal, Sebastian later said he was aiming to sound like Geoff Muldaur, a vocalist in the Jim Kweskin Jug Band,[10] a jug band group which was particularly influential on the Spoonful.[11]
The verses of "Daydream" use a I–VIm7–ii–V chord progression and the refrain uses IV–i°7–I–VIm7.[12] The musicologist Walter Everett writes that because the song's verses always end with half cadences, it means the song never "[achieves] a full-cadence closure" but instead fades out while still feeling incomplete.[13]Zal Yanovsky, the Spoonful's lead guitarist, later compared the song's melody to that of "Got a Date With an Angel", a 1934 hit by the American jazz musician Hal Kemp.[3][14]Paul McCartney of the Beatles described "Daydream" as a having a "traditional, almost trad-jazz feel".[15]
The author Richie Unterberger connects "Daydream" to the Spoonful's jug band roots, writing that its only major difference from 1920s and '30s jug band recordings is its electric arrangement.[16] The journalist Paul Williams similarly writes the song owes much to the jug band tradition,[17][18] adding that the lyrics, which describe a love-fueled bliss boosted by beautiful weather,[7] seem almost ad-libbed by Sebastian.[17][18] Unterberger writes that, when paired with the song's bright melody and lyrics, the arrangement morphs the number into a pop song.[16] The author James E. Perone also characterizes it as pop music,[19] and the critic Paul Nelson considers it, alongside the Spoonful's other singles, as being representative of folk rock.[20]
Recording
Amid a busy TV and live-date schedule, the Spoonful recorded most of their second album Daydream over four days, from December13 to 16, 1965.[21] "Daydream" was among the songs recorded during the sessions, which took place at Bell Sound Studios in New York City and were produced by the band's regular producer, Erik Jacobsen.[3][21]
[Zal Yanovsky and I] did twenty-odd takes because it involved two guitar figures that had no swing or variation to them.... We'd be good for two or three verses and then sooner or later one guy would get ahead of the other.... "Daydream" is, in fact, a splicing wonder.[3]
– John Sebastian recalling producer Erik Jacobsen splicing different takes together to create a complete track, 2002
The song's backing track consisted of only two guitars: Sebastian played his 1958 Les Paul electric and Yanovsky borrowed Sebastian's Heritage Gibson acoustic. Due to the song's staccato rhythm, the two musicians struggled to keep in sync. They soon abandoned the song to work on other compositions, returning to it when Jacobsen spliced different takes together to establish a complete guitar track.[22] The band next overdubbed several elements: Steve Boone added honky-tonk piano,[14]Joe Butler played spoons and a slapstick[3] and Yanovsky added extra electric guitar parts on his Guild Thunderbird.[14] Sebastian sang and whistled,[14] and he played a harmonica contribution which he later said was derivative of Nino Tempo and April Stevens' 1963 hit "Deep Purple".[10]
The finished recording staggers the entrance of four differently textured guitars, an arrangement which Everett describes as "Beatlesque".[23] The last guitar to enter features a volume-control pedal,[23] a device which had only recently begun to be employed in popular music and would be used on many recordings in 1966.[24] Paired with a guitar, the device hides the initial attack and decay of the instrument's tone while allowing the player to more easily control volume changes than through using the guitar's volume control knob.[24][nb 1]
Kama Sutra Records issued "Daydream" as a single in the United States in February1966.[25] The song furthered speculation from the press and public about a link between the Spoonful and drug use,[26] fueled by the lyrics' use of the term "dream", which by 1966 was sometimes used to connote the experience of taking psychedelic drugs.[27] Accompanying the single's release, a trade ad appearing in Billboard made several drug allusions, drawing the ire of the band, who had regularly sought to distance themselves from drug associations.[26][nb 2] The following month, the song served as both the opening- and title-track of the Lovin' Spoonful's second album.[3]
"Daydream" entered the Billboard Hot 100 on February26 and remained on the chart for twelve weeks, peaking at number two for two weeks in mid-April. It was the Spoonful's third consecutive single to reach the top ten and their highest charting single to date.[30] The single was kept from the top spot on Billboard's chart by the Righteous Brothers' "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration",[31] but it reached number one on Cash Box magazine's chart and also reached the top spot in Canada.[32][33] On Billboard's 1966 Year-End singles chart, "Daydream" ranked number 38, one of three singles by the Spoonful to make the chart.[34][nb 3] The song's success expanded the band's popularity such that they were able to headline their concerts rather than perform as a support act.[36][nb 4]
"Daydream" became a major international hit.[39] Before the single's release in early1966, the Spoonful was successful in North America but remained generally unknown in the United Kingdom.[40][41] Neither of their first two singles had charted in the country.[42] To expand the band's popularity to an international audience, their management organized several concert and television appearances in England and Sweden for the end of April1966.[40] To coincide with the tour, Pye International Records issued "Daydream" as a single in the U.K. on April 1.[43] By mid-May, the song had reached number two on all of the major British singles charts,[42][44] bested only by Manfred Mann's single "Pretty Flamingo".[45] "Daydream" reached number one on Wonderful Radio London's Fab 40 chart,[46] and it additionally reached number one on the Swedish Kvällstoppen chart.[47]
Critical reception
Paul Williams reviewed "Daydream" in the third issue of his American magazine Crawdaddy!, one of the earliest publications devoted to rock and roll criticism. Williams described the song as "the sort of thing that could get tiring and repetitious, but doesn't".[17][18] He counted the Spoonful as one of the few groups with authentic roots in folk music, adding that rather than simply turning jug band songs electric, the band instead worked to incorporate new sounds from rock music into their productions. He concluded that the song was both popular and good, and he expected it to be another top ten hit for the band.[17][18] The review panel for Billboard similarly predicted "Daydream" would equal the success of the Spoonful's most recent single, "You Didn't Have to Be So Nice",[48] which reached number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 in January1966.[30] The review panel for Record World called "Daydream" "wonderful", writing that it managed to sound both contemporary and "oldtime" simultaneously.[49]
Among British critics, Derek Johnson of New Musical Express described "Daydream" as both "tuneful and pleasantly hummable", but also "not very meaty and maybe a shade corny."[50] Reviewing the latest releases in Melody Maker's "Blind Date" column, the singer Dusty Springfield also described the song as "corny", but she used the term favorably. She compared its sound to the American jazz pianist Fats Waller, adding that she liked the Spoonful "just for daring to do this number".[51] The anonymous reviewer for the Whitstable Times also wrote that on first listen, the song sounded both "corny" and "outdated" because it was so out of step with contemporary trends, but that it soon proved unforgettable after repeat listens.[52] The critic for the Liverpool Echo wrote that with the new single, the Spoonful "may be heralding a new era for pop music."[53]
Influence
In the pop music scene, where "feed-back" has become a fetish and electronic distortion a trademark of hit songs, there emerges "Daydream," a very simple, uncluttered tune so out of place... that record producers are having to think again about what makes a hit.[54]
The simple arrangement of "Daydream" was out of step with contemporary pop music trends,[54] and it inspired numerous similar compositions from British musicians.[15] Soon after the song's release, the Beatles and members of the Rolling Stones lauded the Spoonful as the "hot new group".[27]John Lennon and George Harrison first met the Spoonful after attending their concert at the Marquee club in London on April18, 1966.[55][56] A week later, the Beatles recorded a version of Lennon's composition "I'm Only Sleeping" in the style of "Daydream", but they abandoned the arrangement for the final version issued on their 1966 album Revolver.[57][58][nb 5]
In an attempt to write a song in the same vein as "Daydream", Paul McCartney composed "Good Day Sunshine",[15][59] which the Beatles recorded in June during the sessions for Revolver.[60] "Good Day Sunshine" uses no guitars, but like "Daydream" it features honky-tonk piano, a shuffling beat, applied dominants and similarly themed lyrics.[61][nb 6] The Spoonful met all four of the Beatles in August1966, before the band's Shea Stadium show during their 1966 US tour,[62] but Sebastian did not learn of the Spoonful's influence on "Good Day Sunshine" until McCartney mentioned it in a 1984 interview.[63][64] Sebastian later reflected that he often wondered about the Spoonful's impact on other artists, but the Beatles' originality meant that "when they did cop an idea from somebody else it never occurred to you."[65]
After seeing the Spoonful perform in England during their April1966 tour,[66]Ray Davies, the principal songwriter of the Kinks, was regularly influenced by their sound.[67] "Daydream" directly inspired him in writing the Kinks' 1966 single "Sunny Afternoon",[15][59] which they recorded in mid-May.[68] The author Barry Miles additionally suggests "Daydream" inspired the Small Faces' 1968 single "Lazy Sunday".[15] The pop group the Bee Gees recorded a faithful cover of "Daydream" in mid-1966, but it went unissued.[69]
Personnel
According to Steve Boone in his autobiography,[22] except where noted:
John Sebastian – vocal, electric guitar, harmonica, whistling
^The Beatles' use of the volume/tone-control pedal on their 1965 album Help! helped popularize the device. They had initially heard it in Marino Marini's 1958 song "The Honeymoon Song (Bound by Love)". The Everly Brothers also used it in 1960 on "That's Just Too Much".[24]
^The press had often speculated that the band's name alluded to the spoon used in injecting heroin,[28] but it actually referenced the 1963 song "Coffee Blues" by the country blues musician Mississippi John Hurt.[29]
^Everett suggests the drum triplets heard at the end of the intro of "Good Day Sunshine" may have also been inspired by "You Didn't Have to Be So Nice".[23]
Boone & Moss 2014, p. 101: "[While] traveling to Greensboro, North Carolina, John was trying to snap himself out of a funk.... Maybe 20 minutes later, he'd finished the song."
^Sebastian, John (director) (2007). Do You Believe in Magic: The Music of John Sebastian and the Lovin' Spoonful (DVD). Standing Room Only. Event occurs at 8:02. KLT004248.
^Goodman, Joan (December 1984). "Playboy Interview: Paul & Linda McCartney". Playboy. pp. 75–76. [I] wrote ['Good Day Sunshine'] out at John's one day... the sun was shining. [It was] influenced by the Lovin' Spoonful.
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