David Nutt

This article is about the English neuropsychopharmacologist. For other people named David Nutt, see David Nutt (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with David Nutter or Dave Nutter.

David Nutt
Nutt in 2020
Professor David Nutt, February 2020
Born (1951-04-16) 16 April 1951 (age 73)
Bristol, England, United Kingdom
NationalityBritish
EducationBristol Grammar School
Alma materDowning College, Cambridge
Known forFounding Drug Science[1]
Controversial removal from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs[2]
Performing the first MRI of a human brain under the influence of LSD[3]
Ecstasy controversy[4]
Scientific career
InstitutionsDrug Science
Imperial College London
University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
University of Bristol
Guy's Hospital
Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD)
Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs (ISCD)
The European Brain Council
ThesisThe effect of convulsions and drugs on seizure susceptibility in rats (1982)
David Nutt's voice
from the BBC programme The Life Scientific (BBC Radio 4), 18 September 2012[5]
Websitedrugscience.org.uk

David John Nutt (born 16 April 1951) is an English neuropsychopharmacologist specialising in the research of drugs that affect the brain and conditions such as addiction, anxiety, and sleep.[6] He is the chairman of Drug Science, a non-profit which he founded in 2010 to provide independent, evidence-based information on drugs.[7] In 2019 he co-founded the company GABAlabs and its subsidiary SENTIA Spirits which research and market alternatives to alcohol. Until 2009, he was a professor at the University of Bristol heading their Psychopharmacology Unit.[8] Since then he has been the Edmond J Safra chair in Neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College London and director of the Neuropsychopharmacology Unit in the Division of Brain Sciences there.[9] Nutt was a member of the Committee on Safety of Medicines, and was President of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.[10][11][12]

Career summary and research

Nutt completed his secondary education at Bristol Grammar School and then studied medicine at Downing College, Cambridge, graduating in 1972. In 1975, he completed his clinical training at Guy's Hospital.[13]

He worked as a clinical scientist at the Radcliffe Infirmary from 1978 to 1982 where he carried out basic research into the function of the benzodiazepine receptor/GABA ionophore complex, the long-term effects of BZ agonist treatment and kindling with BZ partial inverse agonists. This work culminated in a ground-breaking paper in Nature in 1982[14] which described the concept of inverse agonism (using his preferred term, "contragonism") for the first time. From 1983 to 1985, he lectured in psychiatry at the University of Oxford. In 1986, he was the Fogarty visiting scientist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Bethesda, MD, outside Washington, D.C. Returning to the UK in 1988, he joined the University of Bristol as director of the Psychopharmacology Unit. In 2009, he then established the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Molecular Imaging at Imperial College, London, taking a new chair endowed by the Edmond J Safra Philanthropic Foundation.[13] He is an editor of the Journal of Psychopharmacology,[15] and in 2014 was elected president of the European Brain Council.[16]

In 2007 Nutt published a study on the harms of drug use in The Lancet.[17] Eventually, this led to his dismissal from his position in the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD); see government positions below. Subsequently, Nutt and a number of his colleagues who had resigned from the ACMD founded the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, which was later renamed Drug Science.[18]

Through Drug Science, Nutt has released a number of prominent drug policy reports while launching campaigns in support of evidence-based drug policy. These include Project Twenty21, the Medical Cannabis Working Group, and the Medical Psychedelics Working Group.[7] In 2013, Drug Science launched the peer-reviewed Journal of Drug Science, Policy and Law, with Nutt appointed as Editor.[19] Nutt also hosts the Drug Science Podcast, where he explores drugs and drug policy with drug policy experts, policy-makers, and scientists.[20]

Nutt is the deputy head of the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London.[21] He and his team have published research into psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression, as well as neuroimaging studies investigating psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, and DMT.[22]

A summary of the results from Nutt's 2010 paper in The Lancet

In November 2010, Nutt published another study in The Lancet, co-authored with Les King and Lawrence Phillips on behalf of this independent Committee. This ranked the harm done to users and society by a range of drugs.[23] Owing in part to criticism over the arbitrary weighting of the factors in the 2007 study,[18][24] the new study employed a multiple-criteria decision analysis procedure and found that alcohol is more harmful to society than both heroin and crack, while heroin, crack, and methamphetamine are the most harmful drugs to individuals.[23] Nutt has also written about this topic in newspapers for the general public,[25] sometimes leading to public disagreements with other researchers.[26]

Nutt is also campaigning for a change in UK drug laws to allow for more research opportunities.[27][28][29][30]

Alcarelle and GABA Labs

Starting in around 2014, Nutt began talking about bringing to market a compound that could mimic some of the effects of alcohol (ethanol) – primarily "conviviality" – in humans (impacting the GABA receptor)[31] while avoiding the negative health impacts of alcohol; a safer replacement. He calls it "Alcarelle", but does not disclose the exact chemical(s). Early tests used a benzodiazepine derivative, with later adaptations targeting improved efficacy and reduced abuse potential.

In 2018 Nutt's company GABALabs (previously called "Alcarelle") applied for patents for a series of new compounds, branded as Alcarelle,[32] that more closely mimic the "conviviality" effects of alcohol.[33][34] As of October 2019, none of these compounds were available to consumers, their long-term health impacts were not known and there has been no published research about them.

The science team at GABA Labs has produced a plant based functional alcohol alternative which was released to the market in the form of the drink Brand "Sentia"[35] in January 2021 as a "botanical spirit" aimed at produced the relaxed and social effects normally associated with alcoholic drinks.[36]

Psychedelics

Simplified visualization of the persistence homological brain function scaffolds from placebo on the left and that induced through psilocybin on the right[37]

In collaboration with Amanda Feilding and the Beckley Foundation, David Nutt is working on the effects of psychedelics on cerebral blood flow.[38][39][40][41][42]

Government positions

Nutt worked as an advisor to the Ministry of Defence, Department of Health, and the Home Office.[13]

He served on the Committee on Safety of Medicines where he participated in an enquiry into the use of SSRI anti-depressants in 2003. His participation was criticised as, owing to his financial interest in GlaxoSmithKline, he had to withdraw from discussions of the drug paroxetine.[43] In January 2008 he was appointed as the chairman of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD), having previously been Chair of the Technical Committee of the ACMD for seven years.[6]

"Equasy"

Comparison of the perceived harm for various psychoactive drugs from a poll among medical psychiatrists specialized in addiction treatment. The associated paper was written by Nutt and included in his controversial lecture.[17][44]

With Nutt in the position of ACMD chairman, government ministers repeatedly clashed with him over issues of drug harm and classification. In January 2009 he published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology an editorial ("Equasy – An overlooked addiction with implications for the current debate on drug harms") in which the risks associated with horse riding (1 serious adverse event every ~350 exposures) were compared to those of taking ecstasy (1 serious adverse event every ~10,000 exposures).[4]

The word equasy is a portmanteau of ecstasy and equestrianism (based on Latin equus, 'horse'). Nutt told The Daily Telegraph that his intention was "to get people to understand that drug harm can be equal to harms in other parts of life".[45] In 2012, he explained to the UK Home Affairs Committee that he chose riding as the "pseudo-drug" in his comparison after being consulted by a patient with irreversible brain damage caused by a fall from a horse. He discovered that riding was "considerably more dangerous than [he] had thought ... popular but dangerous" and "something ... that young people do".[46]

Equasy has been frequently referred to in later discussions of drug harmfulness and drug policies.[47][48][49][50][51]

The issue of the mismatch between lawmakers' classification of recreational drugs, in particular that of cannabis, and scientific measures of their harmfulness surfaced again in October 2009, after the publication of a pamphlet[52] containing a lecture Nutt had given to the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies at King's College London in July 2009. In this, Nutt repeated his view that illicit drugs should be classified according to the actual evidence of the harm they cause, and presented an analysis in which nine 'parameters of harm' (grouped as 'physical harm', 'dependence', and 'social harms') revealed that alcohol or tobacco were more harmful than LSD, ecstasy or cannabis. In this ranking, alcohol came fifth behind heroin, cocaine, barbiturates and methadone, and tobacco ranked ninth, ahead of cannabis, LSD and ecstasy, he said. In this classification, alcohol and tobacco appeared as Class B drugs, and cannabis was placed at the top of Class C. Nutt also argued that taking cannabis created only a "relatively small risk" of psychotic illness,[53] and that "the obscenity of hunting down low-level cannabis users to protect them is beyond absurd".[54] Nutt objected to the recent re-upgrading (after 5 years) of cannabis from a Class C drug back to a Class B drug (and thus again on a par with amphetamines), considering it politically motivated rather than scientifically justified.[44] In October 2009 Nutt had a public disagreement with psychiatrist Robin Murray in the pages of The Guardian about the dangers of cannabis in triggering psychosis.[26]

Dismissal

Following the release of this pamphlet, Nutt was dismissed from his ACMD position by the Home Secretary, Alan Johnson. Explaining his dismissal of Nutt, Johnson wrote in a letter to The Guardian that "[Nutt] was asked to go because he cannot be both a government adviser and a campaigner against government policy. [...] As for his comments about horse riding being more dangerous than ecstasy, which you quote with such reverence, it is of course a political rather than a scientific point."[55] Responding in The Times, Professor Nutt said: "I gave a lecture on the assessment of drug harms and how these relate to the legislation controlling drugs. According to Alan Johnson, the Home Secretary, some contents of this lecture meant I had crossed the line from science to policy and so he sacked me. I do not know which comments were beyond the line or, indeed, where the line was [...]".[56] He maintains that "the ACMD was supposed to give advice on policy".[57]

In the wake of Nutt's dismissal, Dr Les King, a part-time advisor to the Department of Health, and the senior chemist on the ACMD, resigned from the body.[58] His resignation was soon followed by that of Marion Walker, Clinical Director of Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust's substance misuse service, and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's representative on the ACMD.[59]

The Guardian revealed that Alan Johnson ordered what was described as a 'snap review' of the 40-strong ACMD in October 2009. This, it was said, would assess whether the body is "discharging the functions" that it was set up to deliver and decide if it still represented value for money for the public. The review was to be conducted by David Omand.[60] Within hours of that announcement, an article was published online by The Times arguing that Nutt's controversial lecture actually conformed to government guidelines throughout.[61] This issue was further publicised a week later when Liberal Democrat science spokesman Dr Evan Harris, MP, attacked the Home Secretary for apparently having misled Parliament and the country in his original statement about Nutt's dismissal.[62]

John Beddington, the Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government stated that he agreed with the views of Professor Nutt on cannabis. When asked if he agreed whether cannabis was less harmful than cigarettes and alcohol, he replied: "I think the scientific evidence is absolutely clear cut. I would agree with it."[63] A few days later, it was revealed that a leaked email from the government's Science Minister Lord Drayson was quoted as saying Mr Johnson's decision to dismiss Nutt without consulting him was a "big mistake" that left him "pretty appalled".[64]

On 4 November, the BBC reported that Nutt had financial backing to create a new independent drug research body if the ACMD was disbanded or proved incapable of functioning.[65] This new body, the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs (later renamed DrugScience), was launched in January 2010 (later on to establish, in 2013, the journal Drug Science, Policy and Law). On 10 November 2009, after a meeting between ACMD and Alan Johnson, three other scientists tendered their resignations, Dr Simon Campbell, a chemist, psychologist Dr John Marsden and scientific consultant Ian Ragan.[66]

In an 11 November 2009 editorial in The Lancet, Nutt explicitly attributed his dismissal to a conflict between government and science, and reiterated that "I have repeatedly stated [cannabis] is not safe, but that the idea that you can reduce use through raising the classification in the Misuse of Drugs Act from class C to class B—where it had previously been placed, but thus now increasing the maximum penalty for possession for personal use to 5 years in prison—is implausible."[67] In a rejoinder, William Cullerne Bown of Research Fortnight pointed out that the framing of science vs. government was misleading because the weighting of the factors in Nutt's 2007 Lancet paper was arbitrary, and consequently that there was no scientific answer to ranking drugs.[68] In reply, Nutt admitted the limitations of the original study, and wrote that ACMD was in the process of devising a multicriteria decision-making approach when he was dismissed. Nutt reiterated that "The repeated claims by Gordon Brown's government that it had scientific evidence that trumped that of the ACMD and the acknowledgment that it was only interested in scientific evidence that supported its political aims was a cynical misuse of scientific evidence that breached the principles of the 1971 Act and was insulting to Council." Nutt announced that he and number of colleagues that had resigned from the ACMD had set up an Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs.[18]

A subsequent review of policy drafted by Lord Drayson[18] essentially reaffirmed that the scientific advisers to the government can be dismissed under similar circumstances: "Government and its scientific advisers should not act to undermine mutual trust."[69] This clause was kept despite protest from Sense about Science, Campaign for Science and Engineering, and Liberal Democrat MP Evan Harris; according to Lord Drayson, the clause was requested by John Beddington, the Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government.[70] Leslie Iversen was announced as the successor of Nutt as the chair of the ACMD in January 2010.[71]

Honours

David Nutt is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Academy of Medical Sciences. He holds visiting professorships in Australia, New Zealand and the Netherlands. He is a past president of the British Association of Psychopharmacology and of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.[13] He was the recipient of the 2013 John Maddox Prize for promoting sound science and evidence on a matter of public interest, whilst facing difficulty or hostility in doing so.[72] He is past president of the British Neuroscience Association and past president of the European Brain Council.[73]

His book Drugs Without the Hot Air (UIT press) won the Salon London Transmission Prize in 2014.[74]

Personal life

David Nutt lives in Bristol, with his wife Dianne. He has four children.[75]

Nutt is a Patron of My Death My Decision, an organisation which seeks a more compassionate approach to dying in the UK, including the legal right to a medically assisted death, if that is a person's persistent wish.[76]

Publications

Articles

Books

  • David J. Nutt (2012). Drugs Without the Hot Air: Minimising the Harms of Legal and Illegal Drugs. Cambridge: UIT. ISBN 978-1-906860-16-5.
  • David J. Nutt (2020). Drink?: The New Science of Alcohol and Your Health. Yellow Kite. ISBN 978-1-529393-23-1.
  • David J. Nutt (2021). Nutt Uncut. Waterside Press.
  • David J. Nutt (2021). Brain and Mind Made Simple. Waterside Press.
  • David J. Nutt (2022). Cannabis (seeing through the smoke): The New Science of Cannabis and Your Health. Yellow Kite.
  • David J. Nutt (2023). Psychedelics: The revolutionary drugs that could change your life – a guide from the expert. Yellow Kite. ISBN 978-1-529360-53-0.

Medical and science

Pharmacotherapy

Brain science

  • David J. Nutt; Martin Sarter; Richard G. Lister (1995). Benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists. New York: Wiley-Liss. ISBN 978-0-471-56173-6.

Addiction and associated disorder

Anxiety disorders

  • David J. Nutt; James C. Ballenger (2003). Anxiety disorders. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0-632-05938-6.
  • David J. Nutt; Eric J.L. Griez; Carlo Faravelli; Joseph Zohar (2001). Anxiety disorders: an introduction to clinical management and research. New York: Wiley. doi:10.1002/0470846437. ISBN 978-0-471-97873-2.
  • David J. Nutt; Spilios Argyropoulos; Adrian Feeney (2002). Anxiety Disorders Comorbid with Depression: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. London: Martin Dunitz. ISBN 978-1-84184-049-9.
  • David J. Nutt; Karl Rickels; Dan J. Stein (2002). Generalised Anxiety Disorder: Symptomatology, Pathogenesis and Management. London: Martin Dunitz. ISBN 978-1-84184-131-1.
  • David J. Nutt; Spilios Argyropoulos; Sam Forshall (2001). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment and Its Relationship to Other Anxiety Disorders, 3rd edition. London: Martin Dunitz. ISBN 978-1-84184-135-9. 1st ed(1998):ISBN 1-85317-659-1
  • David J. Nutt; Spilios Argyropoulos; Sean Hood (2000). Clinician's manual on anxiety disorders and comorbid depression. London: Science Press. ISBN 978-1-85873-397-5.

Other disorders

Sleep and connected disorder

References

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  32. ^ Amy Fleming (26 March 2019). "Could 'alcosynth' provide all the joy of booze – without the dangers?". The Guardian.
  33. ^ Journal 6751, GB1813962.6, Applicant: Alcarelle Holdings Limited Title: Mood enhancing compounds. Date Lodged: 28 August 2018
  34. ^ Journal 6751, GB1813962.9, Applicant: Alcarelle Holdings Limited Title: Mood enhancing compounds. Date Lodged: 28 August 2018
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  1. ^ Kupferschmidt, Kai (31 January 2014). "The Dangerous Professor". Science. 343 (6170): 478–481. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..478K. doi:10.1126/science.343.6170.478. PMID 24482461.

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He is Psychometric

He is PsychometricPoster promosiHangul사이코메트리 그녀석 GenreKomedi romantisFantasiMisteriThrillerKriminalPembuatStudio DragonDitulis olehYang Jin-ahSutradaraKim Byung-sooPemeranPark Jin-youngShin Ye-eunKim KwonKim Da-somNegara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaJmlh. episode16ProduksiProduser eksekutifLee Jin-sukPengaturan kameraSingle-cameraRumah produksiJS Pictures[1]DistributortvNRilis asliJaringantvNFormat gambar1080i (HDTV)Format audioDolby DigitalRilis11 Maret (2...

 

Daftar matematikawan

Matematika Murni Fondasi Analisis Aljabar Teori bilangan Kombinatorik Geometri Topologi Terapan Probabilitas Statistika Komputasi Fisika matematika Riset operasi Optimisasi Biologi komputasi Linguistik komputasi Artikel 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Matematikawan A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Navigasi Daftar Garis besar Portal Bidang lbs Daftar matematikawan mencakup matematikawan terkenal berdasarkan kebangsaan, etnis, agama, profesi, dan kar...

 

Ada Ciganlija

Ada Ciganlija. Ada Ciganlija (bahasa Serbia: Ада Циганлија, pelafalan [ˈǎːda tsiˈɡǎnlija]), sering kali disingkat menjadi Ada, adalah sebuah pulau yang telah diubah menjadi semenanjung buatan. Pulau ini terletak di aliran Sungai Sava di pusat kota Beograd, ibu kota Serbia. Berkat lokasinya yang berada di tengah kota Beograd, Ada Ciganlija telah dijadikan zona rekreasi yang populer. Tempat ini dikenal akan pantainya dan juga fasilitas-fasilitas olahraganya. Pada musim...

The Witchmaster's Key

1976 book by Franklin W. Dixon The Witchmaster's Key AuthorFranklin W. DixonCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesThe Hardy BoysGenreDetective, mysteryPublisherGrosset & DunlapPublication date1976Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)Pages179 ppISBN0-448-08955-6OCLC3872831LC ClassPZ7.D644 WiPreceded byThe Mysterious Caravan Followed byThe Jungle Pyramid  Children's literature portalNovels portal The Witchmaster's Key is Volume 55 in the Hardy Boys seri...

 

Orland Smith

Orland SmithBorn(1825-05-02)May 2, 1825Lewiston, Maine, USDiedOctober 3, 1903(1903-10-03) (aged 78)Chicago, Illinois, USAllegianceUnited StatesUnionService/branchUnited States ArmyUnion ArmyYears of service1861–1865RankColonel Brevet Brigadier GeneralUnitArmy of the PotomacArmy of the CumberlandCommands held73rd Ohio InfantrySmith's Brigade, XI CorpsBattles/warsAmerican Civil War Battle of McDowell Battle of Cross Keys Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Gettysburg Third Battl...

 

I'm Gonna Be Alright

2002 song by Jennifer Lopez For other uses, see I'm Gonna Be Alright (disambiguation). I'm Gonna Be Alright [Track Masters remix]Single by Jennifer Lopez featuring Nasfrom the album J to tha L–O! The Remixes B-side Alive Pleasure Is Mine Walking on Sunshine ReleasedApril 1, 2002 (2002-04-01)StudioSony Music (New York City)Genre Hip hop R&B Length2:51LabelEpicSongwriter(s) Jennifer Lopez Cory Rooney Troy Oliver Lorraine Cheryl Cook Ronald LaPread Jean-Claude Olivier Samuel...

Divinum illud munus

Divinum illud munusSurat ensiklik dari Paus Leo XIII Tanggal9 Mei 1897Argumenmengenai Roh KudusNomor ensiklik61 of 85 dari kepausanNaskahDalam bahasa Inggris←Fidentem piumque animum Militantis Ecclesiae→ Divinum illud munus (judul bahasa Indonesia: Mengenai Roh Kudus) adalah sebuah ensiklik yang dikeluarkan oleh Paus Leo XIII pada tanggal 9 Mei 1897.[1] Dalam ensikliknya, Paus Leo membahas kuasa Roh Kudus yang berdiam dan ajaib ; dan jangkauan serta efisiensi tindakan-Nya, ba...

 

Stati federati dell'Austria

Stati dell'Austria Gli stati federati dell'Austria (in tedesco Länder, singolare Land) sono la suddivisione territoriale di primo livello del Paese e ammontano a 9. Ciascuno di essi si articola ulteriormente in distretti. Ogni Land ha un organo legislativo chiamato Landtag che legifera entro i limiti stabiliti dalla Costituzione, ogni Land inoltre ha un numero di rappresentanti all'interno di una delle camere del parlamento (Bundesrat). La città di Vienna è amministrata da un sindaco....

 

Tucumán Government Palace

Executive office building of the Government of the Province of Tucumán The Tucumán Government Palace The Tucumán Government Palace is the executive office building of the Government of the Province of Tucumán. Overview Tucumán Province, the most populous and economically important in the Argentine Northwest, lacked architecturally significant government offices, early in the 20th Century. As both a remedy to that absence and a means to encourage urban renewal and development in the provi...

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会科索沃代表团

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会科索沃代表團科索沃国旗IOC編碼KOSNOC科索沃奧林匹克委員會網站www.noc-kosovo.org（英文）（阿爾巴尼亞文）（塞爾維亞文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員11參賽項目6个大项旗手开幕式：阿基爾·賈科瓦（英语：Akil Gjakova）和瑪琳達·開爾門蒂（柔道）[1]闭幕式�...

 

Public health mitigation of COVID-19

Measures to halt the spread of the respiratory disease among populations This article is about public health management of COVID-19. For medical management of COVID-19, see Treatment and management of COVID-19. Further information: Flatten the curveGoals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (flattening the curve) and lessening overall cases and health impact.[1][2] Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (raising the li...

 

1912 United States presidential election in Kansas

Election in Kansas Main article: 1912 United States presidential election 1912 United States presidential election in Kansas ← 1908 November 5, 1912 1916 →   Nominee Woodrow Wilson Theodore Roosevelt Party Democratic Independent Alliance Progressive Home state New Jersey New York Running mate Thomas R. Marshall Hiram Johnson Electoral vote 10 0 Popular vote 143,663 120,210 Percentage 39.30% 32.88%   Nominee William Howard Taft Eugene V. Debs...

Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q2)

This article is part of a series aboutJoe Biden Political positions Electoral history Early life and career Eponyms Family Honors Public image U.S. Senator from Delaware Judiciary Committee Bork hearings Thomas hearings 1994 Crime Bill Violence Against Women Act Foreign Relations Committee Elections: 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 47th Vice President of the United States Transition Tenure Obama administration first inauguration second inauguration Economic policy Great Recession response...

 

KVPI (AM)

Radio station in Ville Platte, LouisianaKVPIVille Platte, LouisianaFrequency1050 kHzBrandingThe Legend 1050 KVPIProgrammingFormatFull service/classic country, cajunAffiliationsCompass Media NetworksUnited Stations Radio NetworksOwnershipOwnerVille Platte Broadcasting Co., Inc.Sister stationsKVPI-FMHistoryFirst air dateNovember 1953[1]Call sign meaningKeeping Ville Platte InformedTechnical informationFacility ID70233ClassDPower250 watts day 10 watts nightTranslator(s)107.3 K297CD ...

 

川西賢志郎

川西（かわにし） 賢志郎（けんしろう） 2018年4月、阪神競馬場にて生年月日 (1984-01-29) 1984年1月29日（40歳）出身地 日本 大阪府東大阪市血液型 O型身長 170cm言語 日本語方言 河内弁コンビ名 和牛（現在は解散）相方 水田信二（元相方）事務所 吉本興業活動時期 2004年 -同期 かまいたち天竺鼠藤崎マーケット山名文和（アキナ）河井ゆずる（アインシュタイン）守谷日和月...

Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry

Rivalry between English association football clubs Liverpool F.C. v Manchester United F.C.Nemanja Vidić of Manchester United being sent off in a Premier League match against Liverpool on 14 March 2009. Liverpool won this game 4–1.LocationNorth West EnglandTeamsLiverpoolManchester UnitedFirst meeting28 April 1894Football League test matchLiverpool 2–0 Newton HeathLatest meeting7 April 2024Premier LeagueManchester United 2–2 LiverpoolStadiumsAnfield (Liverpool)Old Trafford (United)Statis...

 

Gorya-class minesweeper

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Minesweeper Vladimir Gumanenko in 2020 Class overview NameGorya class (Project 12660) BuildersBaltic Werf Operators  Soviet Navy  Russian Navy Preceded byNatya-class minesweeper Succeeded byAlexandrit-cla...

 

Spårvidd

Spårvidden mäts mellan rälernas insidor. Spårvidd uttrycker avståndet mellan rälerna på ett järnvägsspår. Spårvidden mäts mellan rälshuvudenas innerkanter 14 mm under överkanten. Den vanligaste spårvidden idag är 1 435 mm (normalspår). Spårvidd kan även avse landsvägsfordon men mäts då mellan de axiella mittpunkterna på hjulen. Spårviddens historiska betydelse Ett smalt spår är billigare att bygga eftersom slipers blir kortare och banvallen smalare. De...

Héctor Giménez (baseball)

Venezuelan baseball player (born 1982) Baseball player Héctor GiménezGiménez with the Chicago White SoxCatcherBorn: (1982-09-28) September 28, 1982 (age 41)San Felipe, VenezuelaBatted: SwitchThrew: RightMLB debutSeptember 25, 2006, for the Houston AstrosLast MLB appearanceJune 23, 2013, for the Chicago White SoxMLB statisticsBatting average.216Home runs2Runs batted in11 Teams Houston Astros (2006) Los Angeles Dodgers (2011) Chicago White Sox (2012–2013)...

 

George Pierce Baker

American educator and dramatic arts academic Baker c. 1886 George Pierce Baker (April 4, 1866 – January 6, 1935)[1] was a professor of English at Harvard and Yale and author of Dramatic Technique, a codification of the principles of drama. Biography Baker graduated in the Harvard College class of 1887, served as Editor-in-Chief of The Harvard Monthly, and taught in the English Department at Harvard from 1888 until 1924. He started his 47 workshop class in playwriting in 1905. He was...