Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes, 3rd Baronet of Hailes (28 October 1726 – 29 November 1792) was a Scottish advocate, judge and historian, born in Edinburgh.
He was educated at Eton, and studied law at Utrecht. In 1748 upon his return to Scotland from Utrecht he was admitted as an advocate. He succeeded to his father's baronetcy upon his death in 1751, inheriting Newhailes House near Musselburgh.
It is said that as a pleader he attained neither high distinction nor very extensive practice, but he rapidly established a well-deserved reputation for sound knowledge, unwearied application and strict probity, and in 1766 he was elevated to the bench in the Court of Session where he assumed the title of Lord Hailes. Ten years later he was appointed a Lord of Justiciary.[1]
In Edinburgh he resided in rooms in the old Scottish mint on South Grays Close off the Royal Mile[2] (200m east of the Law Courts) until around 1780 when he built a new townhouse at 23 New Street, north of the Canongate.[3]
He died at Newhailes House on 29 November 1792. He is buried in the family mausoleum at Morham churchyard near Haddington, East Lothian.
He secondly married, on 20 March 1770, Helen Fergusson (d. 1810), daughter of Sir James Fergusson, Baronet, of Kilkerran, Ayrshire, by whom he had another daughter, Jean (d.1803) who married her cousin, James Fergusson, Esq., and left children.
Upon the death of Lord Hailes, his baronetcy passed to his nephew, James, 4th Bt., the son of his brother John Dalrymple, Lord Provost of Edinburgh.
Chambers provides an interesting anecdote in Traditions of Edinburgh about Lord Hailes's death. His daughter, Christian, nearly lost the inheritance of Newhailes House when his will could not be found. Facing eviction in favor of the male heir (cousin James), she sent her domestic staff to lock up and shutter the Edinburgh house in New Street. Upon closing the shutters, "Lord Hailes's will dropped out upon the floor from behind a panel, and was found to secure her [daughter Christian] in the possession of his estates, which she enjoyed for upwards of forty years."[4]
Lord Hailes as historian
Lord Hailes's most important contribution to literature was the Annals of Scotland, of which the first volume, From the accession of Malcolm III, surnamed Canmore, to the accession of Robert I, appeared in 1776, and the second, From the accession of Robert I, surnamed Bruce, to the accession of the house of Stewart, in 1779. It is, as his friend Dr Johnson justly described this work at the time of its appearance, a "Dictionary" of carefully sifted facts, which tells all that is wanted and all that is known, but without any laboured splendour of language or affected subtlety of conjecture.[1]
The other works of Lord Hailes include:
Historical Memoirs concerning the Provincial Councils of the Scottish Clergy (1769)
An Examination of some of the Arguments for the High Antiquity of Regiam Majestatem (1769)
Remains of Christian Antiquity, 3 vols.
Remarks on the History of Scotland (1773)
Account of the Martyrs of Smyrna and Lyons in the Second Century, 1776
In 1786 he published An Inquiry into the Secondary Causes which Mr Gibbon has assigned for the Rapid Growth of Christianity (Dutch translation, Utrecht, 1793), one of the most respectable of the very many replies which were made to the famous 15th and 16th chapters of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. A Memoir of Lord Hailes is prefixed to the 1808 reprint of his Inquiry into the Secondary Causes.[1]
