Clockwise, from upper left:Panoramic view of Culiacán, Culiacán Botanical Garden, Culiacán Cathedral, Tres Ríos District, Culiacán letters, Tomateros de Culiacán ball monument, Sunset at Culiacán.
The genuine Aztec name of the Nahuatl language is Colhuacan or Culhuacan, which is from colhua or culhua and can, which is a place, and its meaning varies according to different historians:
"snake place"
"crooked hill"
"where walkers twist the path"
The most respected theory is "place of the colhuas", that is "inhabited by the colhua tribe", and the most frequent meaning is "place of worshiping the god Coltzin".[3]
History
Prehispanic era
In ancient times, there was an indigenous settlement called Huey Colhuacan that dated back to Tecpatl, which corresponds to the year 628 CE. The Aztecs built it during their pilgrimage. Its exact location is unknown, but it is assumed that it was close to the current town of Culiacáncito. The ancient settlers were called Culichis.
Founding
The city known today as Culiacán was co-founded in 1531 by conquistadorsLázaro de Cebreros and Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán under the name "Villa de San Miguel". Upon their arrival in the 16th century, the Spanish found the existence of farmhouses organized in indigenous nations by the tribe of the Tahues, which brought together a group of people of the same origin and language who had a common tradition.
Other indigenous peoples that inhabited the original territory of Culiacán were the Tebacas, Pacaxes, Sabaibo and Achires.
After their war of conquest, in 1531, de Cebreros and de Guzmán organized the territories acquired into three provinces. One of them was Culiacán, which was delimited to the South by the Elota River and to the North by the Mocorito River, depending on the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia. Organized in this way, the territory lasted until 1786, the year in which the administration system was implemented,[clarification needed] with Sonora and Sinaloa forming the province of Arizpe and the older province of Culiacán remaining the same.
Independent Mexico
On 6 October 1821, independence was sworn in Culiacán. Culiacán was granted the category of city, on 21 July 1823, when the provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa separated by decree from Congress. In 1824, by the Constitutive Act of the Mexican Federation, Sinaloa and Sonora met again, forming the state of the West. On 13 October 1830, the provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa were definitively separated by decree, with the city of Culiacán designated capital of the state of Sinaloa. In 1861, during the conservative government of the French Intervention, prefectures were installed and the Municipalities Law was decreed that divided the Districts into City Councils. The Badiraguato District was suppressed and became part of the Culiacán District as a municipality.
From 1859 to 1873, the capital of Sinaloa was moved from Culiacán to Mazatlán. In the Restored Republic, Governor Eustaquio Buelna confronted the merchants of the port. He returned to Culiacán and the Local Congress gave it the status of capital of the state.
Porfirian and revolutionary times
In 1878, Culiacán had three City Halls, whose headwaters were Culiacán, Quilá and Badiraguato. It remained that way until 1880, when Badiraguato returned to being a district with the limits that previously corresponded to it.
The year 1912 was when municipalities were established by law as a new form of internal government, but it was not until 1915 that this law came into force and political directories were suppressed, causing the districts to become free municipalities.
Culiacán was established as a municipality by decree on 8 April 1915. Within its original limits was the current Municipality of Navolato, which was segregated from Culiacán on 27 August 1982, depriving the city of 2,285 square kilometres (882 sq mi) of valley agriculture.
Alfredo Campos and his guerrilla, entering Culiacán, in April 1912.
Sometime later, the State Congress approved the extension of the name of the capital city, giving it its current official name of Culiacán de Rosales. "Rosales" honors the great Mexican military man Antonio Rosales, who fought in the second French Intervention and the Reform War, along with serving as the governor of Sinaloa.
After World War II
Beginning in the late 1950s, Culiacán became the birthplace of an incipient underground economy based on illicit drugs exported to the United States. The completion of the Pan-American Highway and the regional airport in the 1960s accelerated the expansion of workable distribution infrastructure for the enterprising few families that would later come to dominate the international drug cartels along Mexico's Pacific Northwest. The Sinaloa Cartel made Culiacán its primary base.[4]
On 17 October 2019, after an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to arrest one of the cartel leaders, widespread gunfights broke out across the city, leading to multiple deaths, in what has been called the "Battle of Culiacán". One of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán's relatives, Ovidio Guzmán, was arrested by police, but were forced to release him.[5]
Coat of arms
Coat of arms of the city of Culiacán.
The coat of arms of the municipality and the city of Culiacán in Sinaloa, Mexico, has various elements that represent the history of the municipality yesterday and today.
Rolando Arjona Amábilis was the artist behind the official coat of arms of the Municipality of Culiacán, which was made official through municipal decree number 13 May 26, 1960 and published in number 90 of the Official Newspaper of the State of Sinaloa on 30 July 1960.
Its shape is square with rounded corners, ending in a point. The entire face of the shield is covered with a carmine color. In the center is a hieroglyph representing a hill with a human head inclined forward. This glyph alludes to Coltzin, "the crooked god", an authentic figure of Nahuatl mythology, who gave its name to the Nahuatlaca-Colhua tribe and, in turn, to the town of its residence, Colhuacán or Teocolhuacán.
Across the face of the shield, there are symbols of water referring to rivers. In the central part and towards the left side, a cross is followed by a path on which footprints can be observed that end in a small construction. These motifs symbolize the missionaries of San Miguel de Culiacán left for the North, and they are invoked as an obligatory tribute to the goodness and heroism of the missionaries.
On the carmine border, the word "Culiacán" can be read in its upper part, and in its lower part the word "Colhuacán", which corresponds to the true name of the place in the Nahuatl language. In the upper part of the shield, there is a hill with a germinating seed and the figure of a golden sun, alluding both to the tropical climate of this region and to the fundamentally agricultural effort of its inhabitants.[6]
Politics
Culiacán City hall.
The government of the municipality of Culiacán corresponds to its City Council, this is elected a universal, direct and secret vote for a period of three years that are not renewable for the immediate period but if not continuously and that begins to exercise its position on the day 1 January of the year following your election; The city council is integrated by the Municipal President into a Procurator Trustee and the body of councilors made up of 18 representatives, once they are elected by relative majority and seven by the principle of proportional representation.
Syndications
For its internal regime, the municipality is subdivided into 17 receiverships, which in turn are divided into police stations, the 17 receiverships of the municipality are: El Salado, Higueras de Abuya, Baila, Aguaruto, Emiliano Zapata, Adolfo López Mateos (El Tamarindo), Jesús María, Las Tapias, Quilá, Sanalona, San Lorenzo, Tacuichamona, Tepuche, Imala, Costa Rica, Culiacáncito and Eldorado.
Paramunicipals
Culiacán Zoo
JAPAC
Municipal Institute of Sports and Physical Culture (IMDEC)
EME Park (87)
Municipal Institute of Culiacán Women (IMMUJERES)
MIA Institute (MIA Museum & MIA Auditorium)
Culiacán Municipal Institute of Culture (IMCC)
Housing Institute
DIF Culiacán
The Chronicle of Culiacán
Municipal Institute of Youth (IMJU)
Municipal Commission of Populated Centers of Culiacán (COMUN)
IMPLAN
COMPAVI
Geography
Location
Culiacán is located in the central region of the State of Sinaloa, forming part of the Northwest of Mexico. The coordinates that correspond to it are 24 ° 48'15 "N (latitude) by 107 ° 25'52" W (West), with an altitude of 54 meters above sea level.[citation needed]
The relief of the municipality is well defined by a mountainous part and the coastal plain. The mountainous part corresponds to the physiographic region of the highlands, part of the Pacific slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range with elevations of 300 to 2,100 meters above sea level.[8] The coastal plain lies to the West and is crossed by four regional rivers: the Humaya, Tamazula, Culiacán and San Lorenzo. The Humaya has its origin in the State of Durango, entering Sinaloa through Badiraguato; its waters are controlled by the Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos dam. The Tamazula River arises in the Sierra Madre Occidental near the Topia Valley; its waters are controlled by the Sanalona dam. The Humaya and Tamazula Rivers unite in front of the city of Culiacán to form the Culiacán River, which empties into the Gulf of California. The San Lorenzo is borne from the Sierra Madre Occidental within the State of Durango, enters Sinaloa through Cosalá and empties into the Gulf of California.
Climate
Sunset in Culiacán.
Culiacán has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh), despite receiving an annual rainfall over 600 mm (24 in), due to its hot temperatures and high evaporation. Summers are very hot and humid, shade temperatures can reach 45 °C (113 °F) and high humidity can produce heat indices of 50 to 55 °C (122 to 131 °F), with the risk of heavy rainfall from decaying tropical cyclones also present. Winters are much milder with less humidity and an average high of 27 °C, with warm nights.
The Municipality of Culiacán has a total population of 858,638 inhabitants, this according to the 2010 Population and Housing Census carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).[13] It has a population density of 166.8 inhabitants / km2,[14] the Municipality concentrates 31% of the population in the State of Sinaloa, with 422,507 men and 436,131 women, with a ratio of 96.9 men for every 100 women.[13]
The city of Culiacán Rosales occupies only a part of the municipality of Culiacán and in 2010 had an urban area of 65 km2, being the largest in the state of Sinaloa and has a population of 675,773 inhabitants (of which 329,608 are men and 346,165 are women), according to the 2010 Population and Housing Census carried out by the (INEGI), resulting in a population density of 10,396.5 inhabitants / km2.[15] concentrating 78.7% of the total urban population of the Municipality. The ethnic groups most represented in the Municipality are the Mixtec and Nahuatl,[16] the total population of indigenous language speakers (HLI population) is 13,081 people.[17] On the other hand, in the urban area of Culiacán, there are only 3,536 indigenous people, representing a very low percentage with respect to the total; Furthermore, these indigenous groups are not native to the municipality or the entity, since they were exterminated, displaced or assimilated by the mestizo population.
The city ranks 20th in number of foreign population, which amounts to 6,693 inhabitants, which represent almost 1% of the total population; Among the main nationalities we find Americans, Canadians, Spanish, Italians, Greeks, Argentines, Cubans, Colombians, Brazilians, Chinese, Japanese, Russians, Ukrainians, Venezuelans, Dominicans, Germans, among others.
The presence of people of Greek origin that occurred in the 1940s and 1950s coincided with the incipient but flourishing emergence of agriculture. This attracted a lot of Hellenic labor for the tillage of the land, and seeing that it was a profitable business, they communicated it to their family and friends. This attracted a greater number of people; today they have inherited a legacy to their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren that make up the few thousand people who continue to live in the city. It is believed that the Greek community is the largest in Mexico and the best organized, the president of said community is in charge of Basilio Karamanos Pérez(Deceased).
Demographic evolution of Culiacán
Year
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Population
10,380
13,527
16,034
18,202
22,025
48,936
85,024
167,956
304,286
415,046
505,518
540,823
605,304
675,673
858,638
Housing and urbanism
The total number of dwellings that exist in the city are 221,144 of which only 176,799 dwellings are occupied with an average of 3.81 inhabitants per inhabited dwelling. In general, cement roofs, walls and floors are used for the construction of the house, although homes or buildings do not cease to exist, most of them have sheet roofs and earth floors, this occurs mainly in the area peripheral to the south of the city, where the humble settlements of new inhabitants who arrive with the hope of obtaining a better quality of life proliferate.
Hotel Lucerna.
Of the 176,799 occupied dwellings, 173,704 have electricity; 171,614 have piped water; 171,489 have drainage and 169,550 have the 3 services simultaneously.
The city has many buildings, among the most noteworthy are, Torre Tres Ríos, Torre Santa María, Torre Tres Afluencias, Mileto 4 Ríos, Estela Corporate Center, Ceiba, BioInnova Building, Tower 120 and Dafi, all located in one of the most important districts of the city, the Tres Ríos Urban Development.
City zoning
The city is divided into different areas mainly:
The Historical Center of Culiacán is the original area of the city, in which most of the buildings of the Spanish colonization between the 16th and 19th centuries are found, it comprises a territorial extension of approximately 247,123 ha (2,471 km2). From the '70s onwards, there was a process of depopulation of the area due to the high costs of rents, the bustle of the main streets and avenues and the priority of having more commercial spaces, but in recent years there has been a process of repopulation of the same with the construction of apartments in the periphery of the Center and a project of urban reorganization in which it is intended to have a higher population density.
Culiacán downtown in April 2010.
Las Colonias, which are the first settlements that were populating the perimeter around the original urban area by people from different social strata to have a largely wide space close to the Center; Among the best known and with the largest number of population we find: Infonavit Humaya, Tierra Blanca, 6 January, Stase, Juntas de Humaya, Almada, Miguel Alemán, Centro Sinaloa, Morelos, Palmito, El Barrio, Aurora, etc.
The subdivisions for their part are places divided by different construction companies, in which there are in certain sections, the same style of housing, housing people of lower middle class, middle and upper middle class, among the best known are: La Conquista, Villas del Rio, Valle Alto, Los Pinos, Villa Verde and Villa Fontana.
Guadalupe colony.
Residentials are considered to be areas strategically built for people with high purchasing power, with spacious houses, large green areas and in most cases, they are delimited as private, and we find: Tres Ríos, Chapultepec, Los Álamos, Guadalupe, Lomas de Guadalupe, Colinas de San Miguel, Montebello, La Campiña, Las Quintas, Isla Musalá and La Primavera.
Independent of these areas, we find one that stands out for its extension and its level of influence at the state level: the Tres Ríos Urban Development, which was started in 1990 with the aim of creating a better commercial, residential and entertainment area. for the city, in addition to taking advantage of the lands adjacent to the Culiacán, Humaya and Tamazula rivers, in addition to embellishing the banks with vegetation and a new boardwalk.
Economy
Culiacán's economy is mainly agricultural and commerce, being a trade center for produce, meat, and fish. Among other industries, Culiacán represents 32 percent of the state economy.
Coppel, Casa Ley, Homex and other companies of national importance are headquartered in Culiacán.
Administrative divisions
Culiacán is divided into 27 sectors (sectores), which are groups of several quarters (colonias):
Administrative divisions of Culiacán
Demarcaciones territoriales
Sector
Riberas
01
Centro (primer cuadro)
02
Las Quintas
03
Isla Musalá
04
Universitarios
05
Tres Ríos
06
Patio de Maniobras
07
Juntas del Humaya
08
Río Culiacán
09
Guadalupe
10
Colinas de San Miguel
11
Abastos
12
El Barrio
13
Los Ángeles
14
Mirador Tamazula
15
Humaya
16
La conquista
17
Bacurimi
18
Villas del Río
19
Bachigualato
20
Díaz Ordaz
21
Barrancos
22
San Isidro
23
Loma de Rodriguera
24
La Higuerita
25
Aguaruto
26
La Costerita
27
Education
Aerial view of CuliacánEscuela Libre de Derecho de Sinaloa
Universities
Centro de Estudios Universitarios Superiores (CEUS)
The Terminal de Autobuses de Culiacán or Central de Autobuses Culiacán Millenium is a bus terminal located west of the city of Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. The station is built in front of the Country Club. This plant replaced the old plant that was to the south, in front of Blvd. Gabriel Leyva Solano.
Transit system
Urban transport
At present[when?], Culiacán has just over 68 urban transport routes, which serve about one million users. The Culiacán urban transport is operated by RedPlus.[18]
Rail
The city has a train station, operated by Ferromex, and it is used only to transport freight. It is connected to south with Mazatlán and north with Guaymas.
Bus station
Culiacán uses the Central Internacional de Autobuses "Millennium" ("Millennium" International Buses Station) to travel across all Mexico (north, central, and south) and to the United States (Arizona and California). This replaced the old bus terminal in the southern city.
Roads and expressways
Though several high-speed roads have been built, most of the city's streets are rather narrow and traffic jams are common at rush hours. Now, 300,000 cars are in Culiacán, making the per capita number of cars one of the highest in the country considering the 745,000 inhabitants.
Main roads
Culiacán has several roads (avenues, boulevards, streets, etc.), but some of these are the main quick connection to other points of the city.
Álvaro Obregón Ave
Francisco I. Madero Blvd.
Paseo Niños Heroes
El Dorado Ave
Aeropuerto
Emiliano Zapata Blvd.
Benjamín Hill Ave
Calzada de las Torres
México 68
Plan Mar de Cortes
Heroico Colegio Militar
Revolución Ave
Sanalona Way
Rolando Arjona Amabilis Blvd.
Universitarios
José Limón Blvd.
Las Américas
Diego Valadez Ríos
Manuel J. Clouthier
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
José Vasconcelos
Gabriel Leyva Solano Blvd.
Xicoténcatl
Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez
Enrique Sanchez Alonso Blvd.
De los Insurgentes
Pedro Infante Blvd.
Rotarismo Road
Ciudades Hermanas
Patria Ave
Constituyentes Emiliano García
Nicolás Bravo
21 de Marzo Ave
Las Minas
Bridges and tunnels
The city has a total of 13 bridges: six across the Tamazula River, two spanning the Humaya River, and the longest one with other four crossing the Culiacán River. Efforts to solve traffic problems have been made, but most of the city streets and bridges are now crowded and insufficient to handle regular and rush hours traffic; a 40-km/h speed limit in most parts of the city worsens the situation.
Musalá Bridge (Tamazula River)
Musalá-Universitaria Bridge (Tamazula River)
Benito Juárez Bridge (Tamazula River)
Morelos Bridge (Tamazula River)
Miguel Hidalgo Bridge (Tamazula River)
Juan de Dios Bátiz-Tres Ríos Bridge (Tamazula River)
Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez Bridge (Humaya River)
Rafael Buelna Bridge (Humaya River)
Jorge Almada Bridge (Culiacán River)
Black Rail Bridge (Culiacán River)
Rolando Arjona Amabilis-UDO (Culiacán River)
USE-Valle Alto (Culiacán River)
Libramiento Recursos (Rosales Channel)
Eje Federalismo Bridges (Rosales Channel)
Chavez Castro Bridge (Rosales Channel)
Emiliano Zapata Pass Bridge (Rosales Channel)
Also, Culiacán has bridges in streets conforming to high transit systems in places where the rush hour is common.
Mexico 15 (Plan Mar de Cortes-Mexican Federal Highway 15)
Primavera (Plan Mar de Cortes-La Primavera)
Eje El Trébol (Plan Mar de Cortes-Blvd. Jesús Kumate)
Eje Federalismo Tunnels (Gabriel Leyva Solano/Francisco I. Madero-Federalismo)
UdO (Blvd. Rolando Arjona-Blvd. Lola Beltrán) under construction
Gasolinera del Valle (Blvd. Jesús Kumate-Blvd. Emiliano Zapata) under construction
Japac Country (Blvd. Pedro Infante-Blvd. Rolando Arjona) spring 2013
On 17 February 2014, investigators from Mexico and the United States learned that Joaquín Guzmán Loera, or El Chapo, was using underground sewage tunnels in Culiacán by constructing hatches connecting to the drainage network in the bathtubs of his city "stash houses".[19]
On at least one occasion, authorities chased Guzman into the tunnels, but lost him. An AP reporter said some of the tunnels were well lit, had wood paneling, and were air-conditioned.[19]
Highways and freeways
Culiacán is a rail junction and is located on the Panamerican Highway that runs north to the United States and south to Guadalajara and Mexico City, and the Benito Juárez Highway or Maxipista, which is a toll road that runs parallel to the toll-free federal highway. It is connected to the north with Los Mochis and to the south with Mazatlán, Tepic, and Guadalajara with the Federal Highway 15.
Culiacán is linked to the satellite city of Navolato by a freeway that now reaches Altata, in the Pacific Ocean coast. Culiacán is also linked to Tamazula de Victoria in Durango state.
Freeway 280-30 (west: Navolato-Altata)
Freeway 3-225 (north: Melchor Ocampo-Guamuchil)
Freeway 5-325 (south: Costa Rica-El Dorado)
Tamazula Interstate Freeway (northeast: Sanalona-Tamazula de Victoria)
Culiacán CathedralLas Riveras Park on Old Waterfront
Culiacán Cathedral, a 19th-century church, began construction in the 1830s.
Plazuela Alvaro Obregón was the place for social gatherings in the 1800s.
La Lomita or Templo de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe is the tallest church in Culiacán, situated on a hill with a view of the entire city.
The Regional History Museum in the "Parque Constitución", a large art museum downtown and a number of small art galleries, is owned by several of the local universities.
The Botanical Garden and Centro de Ciencias de Sinaloa, a science museum, holds the fifth-largest meteorite on earth.
A baseball stadium, the Estadio Angel Flores, is the home of Los Tomateros de Culiacán; a bigger football arena, called Estadio Banorte (formerly Estadio Carlos González), is the home of Los Dorados de Sinaloa, a Mexican football team.
In addition, this city has a unique gastronomic diversity in its style.[20][21]
The green areas are located in different areas of the city; In recent years, the municipal and state government have been concerned with protecting, safeguarding, and increasing green lungs, to provide a better quality of life for Culiacán and tourists; it has the following:
Las Riberas Park
Las Riberas Park in mid-2010
Parque Las Riberas (in Spanish) is the area attached to the Tamazula and Humaya rivers. Different species of trees such as willows, poplars, guamúchiles, and eucalyptus, can be seen. The White Bimodal bridge, which connects the park with the city center, facilitates access for pedestrians and at night it becomes a light show that contrasts with the Black Bridge in Culiacán.
Culiacán Botanical Garden
"Encounter" by James Turrel Culiacán Botanical Garden.
Located to the east of the city, this area comprises 10 ha and is home to different ecosystems and hundreds of plant and tree species and the art installation Encounters by James Turrel. The Culiacán Botanical Garden has a variety of more than 2,000 plants.
Orabá Island
Orabá Island, as its name indicates, is an island between the confluence of the Tamazula River and the Humaya River, where the Culiacán River is born. It is part of a series of parks and gardens that have been built on the banks of the three rivers.
Culiacán Zoo
Located next to the heart of the city, forming part of the Civic Center Constitución with an extension of 13.5 hectares; which houses 1,400 animals belonging to more than 450 species including mammals, reptiles and birds. It was built on 14 December 1950, as part of the Development Plan of the Sinaloa State Government, which contemplated the need to create a natural area that would contribute to promoting the education of flora and fauna existing in this region under the mandate of the State Governor. General Gabriel Leyva Velásquez, supported by Emilio Aguerreverre, Municipal President of Culiacán.
Tres Ríos water park
The Tres Ríos Water Park is a recreational space that was built at the confluence of the Humaya and Tamazula rivers, precisely where the Culiacán River is born.
This park is very close to Parque Las Riberas. It is the largest and most visited park in the northwest of the country.
Dancing fountains
The dancing or dancing fountains of Culiacán are a spectacle of hundreds of independent fountains programmed to "dance" to the sound of typical Sinaloan music. This show is presented every day in an area of the 3 Ríos Project where the flagpole is located, more specifically, at the mere confluence of the Humaya and Tamazula rivers.
^"Klimatafel von Culiacán, Sinaloa / Mexiko"(PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
^De acuerdo a estimaciones del extinto INI a partir de la base de datos del XII Censo General de Población y Vivienda del INEGI 2000. Dimensión de la población hablante de lengua indígena de acuerdo con el número de hablantes, solo incluye personas de 5 años y más.
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
