XS
XS-1
Role	Submarine-operated scout biplane Type of aircraft
Manufacturer	Cox-Klemin Aircraft Corporation
First flight	1922
Introduction	1923
Primary user	United States Navy
Number built	12

The Cox-Klemin XS was a 1920s American experimental scout biplane, the first aircraft to be both launched and recovered from a submarine.

Based on a design by the US Bureau of Aeronautics for a simple single-seat scout seaplane that could be disassembled and assembled quickly. Instead of building the aircraft itself the Bureau of Aeronautics contracted the Cox-Klemin Aircraft Corporation to build six aircraft designated XS-1. The aircraft were powered by a 60 hp Lawrance L-4 radial engine. One aircraft was re-engined in 1923 with a Kinner engine and re-designated XS-2.

As part of a series of studies conducted by the United States Navy after World War I into the possibility of submarine borne observation and scouting aircraft, the submarine S-1 became the experimental platform for this project late in 1923. The XS-1, XS-2 and the Martin MS-1 were used for the trials mounted in a cylindrical pod behind the conning tower. After surfacing the aircraft could be rolled out and assembled, it was then launched ballasting the sub until the deck was awash. The first full cycle of surfacing, assembly, launching, retrieving, disassembly, and submergence took place on 28 July 1926, on the Thames River at New London using the XS-2.

After further trials during 1926 all the experimental aircraft were scrapped.

XS-1

Lawrance L-4 powered scout biplane, six built

XS-2

One XS-1 modified with a Kinner B-5 engine.

Martin MS-1

Six XS-1 standard aircraft built by Martin.

 United States

• United States Navy

Data from ^[1]

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 18 ft 2 in (5.54 m)
• Wingspan: 18 ft 0 in (5.49 m)
• Height: 8 ft 0 in (2.44 m)
• Gross weight: 1,050 lb (476 kg)
• Powerplant: 1 × Kinner B-5 5-cyl. air-cooled radial piston engine, 85 hp (63 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 115 mph (185 km/h, 100 kn)
• Service ceiling: 11,300 ft (3,400 m)

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Caspar U.1
• Parnall Peto
• Martin MS

Related lists

• List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)

• Passingham, Malcolm (February 2000). "Les hydravions embarqués sur sous-marins" [Submarine-carried Seaplanes]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (83): 7–17. ISSN 1243-8650.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cox-Klemin XS.

• Aeroweb