Cotabato Trench

Earthquakes in Southern Mindanao
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For recent Philippine earthquakes, a third of the largest ones (M ≥ 6.3) since 2001 have been near the Cotabato Trench.

The Cotabato Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, off the southwestern coast of Mindanao in the Philippines. Along this trench the oceanic crust of the Sunda Plate beneath the Celebes Sea is being subducted beneath the Philippines Mobile Belt. It forms part of a linked set of trenches along the western side of the Philippines formed over east-dipping subduction zones, including the Manila Trench and the Negros Trench.[1] At its northern end the rate of convergence across this boundary is about 100 mm per year.[2] It is a relatively young structure, forming during the late Miocene to Pliocene.[3] This age is consistent with the estimated age of the sedimentary rocks in the accretionary wedge associated with the trench and the age of adakitic arc rocks on Mindanao thought to date the onset of subduction.[4]

Seismicity

Main tectonic structures around the Philippines

The trench is associated with large megathrust earthquakes, including the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake (M 8.3), the 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake (M 8.0) and the 2002 Mindanao earthquake (M 7.5).[5][2]

Tsunami hazard

The Cotabato Trench is one of the main structure around the Philippines likely to be associated with tsunamigenic earthquakes. The tsunami generated by the 1976 earthquake caused about 4,000 deaths on Mindanao. Modelling of likely further tsunamis along the Cotabato Trench suggests that run-ups of several metres are likely for future earthquakes similar in size to the 1976 event.[6]

References

  1. ^ Wu, W.N.; Lo, C.-L.; Lin, J.-Y. (2017). "Spatial variations of the crustal stress field in the Philippine region from inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms and their tectonic implications". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 142: 109–118. Bibcode:2017JAESc.142..109W. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.01.036.
  2. ^ a b ANSS. "Mindanao 2002". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  3. ^ Jego, S.; Maury, R.C.; Polve, M.; Yumul, G.P. Jr.; Bellon, H.; Tamayo, R.A. Jr.; Cotton, J. (2005). "Geochemistry of Adakites from the Philippines: Constraints on Their Origins". Resource Geology. 55 (3): 161–185. Bibcode:2005ReGeo..55..163J. doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2005.tb00239.x.
  4. ^ Schlüter, H.U.; Block, M.; Hinz, K.; Neben, S.; Seidel, D.; Djajdihardja, Y. (2001). "Neogene sediment thickness and Miocene basin-floor fan systems of the Celebes Sea". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 18 (7): 849–861. doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(01)00027-7.
  5. ^ Stewart, G.S.; Cohn, S.N. (1979). "The 1976 August 16, Mindanao , Philippine earthquake (Ms = 7.8) - evidence for a subduction zone south of Mindanao". Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 57 (1): 51–65. Bibcode:1979GeoJ...57...51S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.926.8672. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1979.tb03771.x.
  6. ^ Løvholt, F.; Kühn, D.; Bungum, H.; Harbitz, C.B.; Glimsdal, S. (2012). "Historical tsunamis and present tsunami hazard in eastern Indonesia and the southern Philippines" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 117 (B9): B09310. Bibcode:2012JGRB..117.9310L. doi:10.1029/2012JB009425.

6°00′N 123°36′E / 6.0°N 123.6°E / 6.0; 123.6