Cooper Black

Cooper Black
CategorySerif; display type
Designer(s)Oswald Bruce Cooper; Ruben Tarumian (Armenian, as ArTarumianErevan)
FoundryBarnhart Brothers & Spindler
Date released1922; 1995 (Armenian [ArTarumianErevan])
Re-issuing foundriesAmerican Type Founders, Wordshape
Oswald Cooper.

Cooper Black is an ultra-bold serif typeface intended for display use that was designed by Oswald Bruce Cooper and released by the Barnhart Brothers & Spindler type foundry in 1922.[1] The typeface was drawn as an extra-bold weight of Cooper's "Cooper Old Style" family. It rapidly became a standard typeface and was licensed by American Type Founders and also copied by many other manufacturers of printing systems.[2][3][4]

History

Cooper Black originated from from Oswald Cooper's career as a lettering artist in Chicago and the Midwest of America in the 1920s.[3][5][6] Cooper Black was advertised as being "for far-sighted printers with near-sighted customers", as well as "the Black Menace" by detractors.[7] While very bold, Cooper Black is based on traditional "old-style" serif lettering, rather than the hard-edged "fat face" fonts popular in the nineteenth century, giving it a soft, 'muddy' appearance, with relatively low contrast between thick and thin strokes.[8][9][10][11]

Usage

After its release in 1922, Cooper Black quickly became a popular typeface for use in advertising, especially in newspapers.[12] Although its use in advertising declined in the 1960s, it became much more popular in pop culture after appearing on the cover art for the 1966 album Pet Sounds by The Beach Boys.[13] Since then, it has been featured on multiple other album covers, including David Bowie's Ziggy Stardust and The Doors' L.A. Woman.[8] The 2010 alternative hip hop collective Odd Future also used it frequently, using it for album covers such as the cover of The OF Tape Vol. 2. Former Odd Future member, Tyler, the Creator used it for his Bastard and Goblin album covers.[4]

Cooper Hilite

Cooper Hilite is a version of Cooper Black originally designed by painting white relief impressions into a printed proof of Cooper Black.[3] It has been digitized by ParaType and Wordshape.[14]

Imitations and variants

Cooper Black was immediately popular and spawned imitations, including Goudy Heavy Face from Frederic Goudy, Ludlow Black and Pabst Extra Bold.[15][16] Cooper Black remains popular: the editors of the typography discussion website Fonts in Use report more submissions of its use than any other face that is not a sans-serif, although outnumbered by Times New Roman once its many variants are added up.[17]

Many unusual versions of Cooper were created in the phototypesetting period of the 1960s and 1970s, a period of explosion in the production of display faces. These included "Ziptop Cooper Black" from Photo Lettering Inc., a version with the top bolder than the bottom, and other distorted variants.[18]

Many digitisations of Cooper Black exist from companies including Bitstream, Adobe and others.[11] Soap, designed by Ray Larabie of Typodermic, is a uni-case variant.[19] A version from URW, which does not include an italic, is bundled with many Microsoft products.[20] Cooper Old Style has been digitised by URW.[21]

Miles Newlyn designed the New Kansas typeface, based on the Cooper Black typeface.[22]

Owen Earl digitized the original Cooper family as Cooper*.[23]

  • A specimen sheet of Cooper Hilite.
    A specimen sheet of Cooper Hilite.
  • Cooper Black compared to Cooper's earlier Cooper Old Style. This was a quirky variation on the old-style serif model, similar to Cooper's lettering and predominantly intended for display and advertising use.
    Cooper Black compared to Cooper's earlier Cooper Old Style. This was a quirky variation on the old-style serif model, similar to Cooper's lettering and predominantly intended for display and advertising use.
  • Goudy Heavy, a metal-type competitor commissioned by Monotype from Cooper's former lettering teacher, Frederic Goudy.
    Goudy Heavy, a metal-type competitor commissioned by Monotype from Cooper's former lettering teacher, Frederic Goudy.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cooper Black". Fonts in Use. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  2. ^ Neil Macmillan (2006). An A–Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-300-11151-7.
  3. ^ a b c Heller, Steven. "Telling and selling". Eye. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  4. ^ a b Eisinger, Dale. "The Complete History of the Cooper Black Font in Hip-Hop". Complex. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  5. ^ Shinn, Nick. "The Golden Age of Hand Lettering in American Advertising". Type Culture. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  6. ^ Middleton, R. Hunter (1937). Chicago Letter Founding. Chicago: Black Cat Press. pp. 22–23. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  7. ^ Steven Heller (6 May 2014). Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design. Allworth Press. pp. 217–19. ISBN 978-1-62153-413-6.
  8. ^ a b Bramley, Ellie Violet (10 April 2017). "Just my type: how Cooper Black became 2017's most fashionable font". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  9. ^ Phinney, Thomas. "Fat faces". Graphic Design and Publishing Centre. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  10. ^ Kennard, Jennifer (3 January 2014). "The Story of Our Friend, the Fat Face". Fonts in Use. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  11. ^ a b Heck, Bethany. "Cooper". Font Review Journal. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  12. ^ Caswell, Estelle (18 June 2020). "Why this font is everywhere". Vox. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  13. ^ Lewis, Amanda (6 August 2012). "Cooper Black: The Story Behind Louie's Typeface". LA Weekly. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  14. ^ "Cooper Hilite". Fonts in Use. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  15. ^ Tracy, Walter. Letters of Credit. pp. 130–1.
  16. ^ "Font Family Page".
  17. ^ @fontsinuse (5 March 2018). "Congrats, Cooper Black! 💯 First non-sans to reach one hundred documented Uses" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  18. ^ Coles, Stephen. "Ziptop Cooper Black". Fonts in Use. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  19. ^ "Soap". October 29, 2024.
  20. ^ "Cooper Black". Microsoft. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  21. ^ "Cooper Old Style". MyFonts. URW. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  22. ^ "New Kansas". Miles Newlyn. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  23. ^ "New Kansas". Indestructible Type. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

Further reading

  • Allan Haley. Typographic Milestones. John Wiley and Sons: September 1992. ISBN 978-0-471-28894-7.
  • Blackwell, Lewis. 20th Century Type. Yale University Press: 2004. ISBN 0-300-10073-6.
  • Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. ISBN 1-57912-023-7.
  • Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. ISBN 0-7137-1347-X.