Coole is situated at the intersection of the N4 highway and the D4 road. The N4 connects Sézanne to the east with Vitry-le-François to the west. The D4 goes south to Sompuis and north to Coolus, near Châlons-en-Champagne. The town is near the source of the Coole River which flows northward before emptying into the Marne River near Coolus.[3]
On the 1757 map drawn by César-François Cassini de Thury, the original name of the river was Côle and the name of the town was Cosle.[4]