A contorniate, or contourniate (UK pronunciation: /kənˈtɔːnɪət/), is a type of ancient Roman medal or medallion of bronze issued in the fourth and fifth centuries CE, having a deep furrow on the contour or edge, as if the object had been turned in a lathe. The extant contorniates show portraits of various earlier emperors (especially Nero and Trajan) or of cultural figures such as Homer, Solon, Euclid, Pythagoras, Socrates, Sallust, Apollonius Tyaneus, and Apuleius, as well as athletes, whose victories are symbolized by palm leaves and chariots, either bigae or quadrigae. The medals were not used as currency, but may have been distributed as New Year's gifts[1] in association with public spectacles, including chariot races and pantomime.[2]
The standard catalog of these medals is by Andreas and Elisabeth Alföldi, Kontorniat-Medaillons (Berlin, 1976), ISBN3110034840 (v. 1) and 3110119056 (v.2).
References
^Slater, Niall W. (2006). A Lost Contorniate of Nero?. Preliminary Program of the Eighty-Sixth Anniversary Meeting of CAMWS-SS.
^Phillip Grierson, "Contorniate," Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.
Further reading
Mittag, Peter Franz (1999). Alte Köpfe in neuen Händen. Urheber und Funktion der Kontorniaten [Old heads in new hands. Originators and function of the Contorniates]. Antiquitas, series 3, volume 38. Bonn: Habelt, ISBN3-7749-2885-1.
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