Comparison of file transfer protocols

For file sharing software, see Comparison of file-sharing applications. For file synchronization software, see Comparison of file synchronization software.

This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network.

Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file synchronization protocols.

Protocols for packet-switched networks

A packet-switched network transmits data that is divided into units called packets. A packet comprises a header (which describes the packet) and a payload (the data). The Internet is a packet-switched network, and most of the protocols in this list are designed for its protocol stack, the IP protocol suite.

They use one of two transport layer protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In the tables below, the "Transport" column indicates which protocol(s) the transfer protocol uses at the transport layer. Some protocols designed to transmit data over UDP also use a TCP port for oversight.

The "Server port" column indicates the port from which the server transmits data. In the case of FTP, this port differs from the listening port. Some protocols—including FTP, FTP Secure, FASP, and Tsunami—listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.

Similarly, the encryption scheme indicated in the "Encryption" column applies to transmitted data only, and not to the authentication system.

Overview

Color key:     International standard     Internet Standard     Proposed Standard     Internet Draft
Protocol Original author First published Protocol suite Standard Refs
Full name Abbreviation
Background Intelligent Transfer Service BITS Microsoft 2001 — No [1]
BitTorrent BT Bram Cohen 2001 — No [2]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol CFDP 2002 — ISO 17355:2007 (v4)
CCSDS 727.0-B-5
Cross File Transfer CFT — No
Ether File Transfer Protocol EFTP John Shoch 1979 PARC Universal Packet No [3][4]
Fast and Secure Protocol FASP Ying Xu, Michelle Munson, Serban Simu 2007 — No [5]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport FLUTE Internet Society 2004 — RFC 6726 [6]
File Service Protocol FSP Wen-King Su 1991 — No [7][8]
File Transfer Access and Management FTAM ISO 8571-4:1988
File Transfer Protocol FTP Abhay Bhushan 1971 Internet protocol suite RFC 959 [9]
FTP Secure FTPS Internet Society 1997 Internet protocol suite RFC 2228, 4217 [10][11]
HTTP Secure HTTPS Taher Elgamal et al. 1995 Internet protocol suite RFC 7230 [12][13]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer HULFT ? 1993 — No
Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP Tim Berners-Lee et al. 1991 Internet protocol suite RFC 7231 [14][15]
Micro Transport Protocol μTP Ludvig Strigeus, Greg Hazel, Stanislav Shalunov, Arvid Norberg, Bram Cohen 2007 — No [16][17]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol MDP No
Multicast File Transfer Protocol MFTP C. Kenneth Miller et al. 1995 — IETF Draft (1998) [18]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol NORM RFC 5740
Odette File Transfer Protocol OFTP Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe 1986 X.25 RFC 6726 [19]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 OFTP2 Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe 2007 X.25, Internet protocol suite RFC 5024 (V1.3) [20]
Reliable Blast UDP RBUDP Eric He et al. 2002 — No [21]
Remote copy rcp ? 1982 Internet protocol suite No [22]
Secure copy SCP Tatu Ylönen ? Secure Shell No [23]
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol S-HTTP IETF Web Transaction Security Working Group 1999 — RFC 2660 [24]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer SAFT Ulli Horlacher 1995 — No [25][26]
Simple File Transfer Protocol SFTP Mark K. Lottor 1984 — RFC 913 [27]
SSH file transfer protocol SFTP Tatu Ylönen c. 1997 Secure Shell IETF Draft (2006) [28]
T.127 T.127 ITU[29] 1995 [30] — ITU T.127
Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP Noel Chiappa 1980 Internet protocol suite RFC 1350 [31]
Tsunami UDP Protocol Tsunami Mark Meiss et al. 2002 — No [32][33]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads tus Felix Geisendörfer, Marius Kleidl et al. 2014 — No [34][35]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol UDT Yunhong Gu 2004 — No
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol UFTP Dennis Bush 2001 — No [36]
Unix-to-Unix Copy UUCP Mike Lesk 1979 — No
Warp Speed Data Transfer WDT Laurent Demailly et al. 2015 — No [37]

Features

The "Managed" column indicates whether the protocol is designed for managed file transfer (MFT). MFT protocols prioritise secure transmission in industrial applications that require such features as auditable transaction records, monitoring, and end-to-end data security. Such protocols may be preferred for electronic data interchange.[38]

Protocol Encryption
(data)		 Transfer
resuming		 Multicast
capable		 Managed Refs
BITS Optional TLS / AES-128[a] Yes No No
BitTorrent None[b] Yes Peer-to-peer No [39][40]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) Yes No No
Cross File Transfer (CFT) TLS / SSL Yes [41][42]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP) None ? No No [43]
Fast and Secure Protocol (FASP) AES-256 / AES-192 / AES-128 Yes No [44][45][46]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) Optional/Unspecified[c] No Yes [47][48][49]
File Service Protocol (FSP) None Yes No No [50][51]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM) ?[d] [52]
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) None Yes[e] No No [53][54][55][56][57]
FTP Secure (FTPS) TLS / SSL Yes No No
HTTP Secure (HTTPS) TLS / SSL Yes No No [15][58][59]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT) AES ? No [60][61][62][63]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) None
(see HTTPS and S-HTTP)		 Yes No No [15][64]
Micro Transport Protocol (μTP) None Yes Peer-to-peer No [16]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) None Yes Yes [65][66]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) None Yes Yes No [67][68]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM) IPsec Yes Yes [69][70]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) None Yes [19]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2) TLS Yes [20]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP) None No No [21][71][72]
Remote copy (rcp) None No No No [73]
Secure copy (SCP) Secure Shell No No No
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP) CMS / MOSS / other No No No [74]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) PGP ? No No [25][26][75]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) None Yes No No [76]
SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP) Secure Shell Yes No No [77]
T.127 None Yes Yes No [78][79][80]
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) None No No No [81]
Tsunami UDP Protocol None No No No [82][83]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads (tus) Optional/Unspecified[f] Yes No No [34][35]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) Experimental No No No [83][84][85]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP) AES-256 / AES-128 / 3DES / DES[g] Yes Yes No [83][36][86]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) None Some[h] No No [87][88]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT) AES-128 (OFB / CTR) Yes No No [89][90][91]
  1. ^ TLS when BITS is used with HTTPS, AES-128 when used with SMB 3, none with HTTP or SMB version below 3.0
  2. ^ Some implementations can obfuscate traffic using RC4 et al. See BitTorrent protocol encryption.
  3. ^ RFC 6726 suggests IPSec as one option.
  4. ^ One implementation, Fujitsu openFT, applies AES.
  5. ^ RFC 1123 (1989) extends and corrects the provisions for restart/resume that were published in RFC 959 (1985). RFC 3659 (2007) provides for resuming in stream mode.
  6. ^ It's recommended to use HTTPS provided by a webserver, proxy, or SSL terminator.
  7. ^ These are the options in the reference implementation, which uses OpenSSL.
  8. ^ The BNU implementation of UUCP can resume an interrupted file transfer.

Ports

In the table below, the data port is the network port or range of ports through which the protocol transmits file data. The control port is the port used for the dialogue of commands and status updates between client and server.

The column "Assigned by IANA" indicates whether the port is listed in the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry, which is curated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA devotes each port number in the registry to a specific service with a specific transport protocol. The table below lists the transport protocol in the "Transport" column.

Protocol Data port Control port Assigned
by IANA		 Assignee Refs
Server Client Transport Server Client Transport
BITS 80/443[a] / 137-139[b] TCP / UDP No —
BitTorrent 6881[c] 6881 TCP 6881 6881 TCP No — [92]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)
Cross File Transfer (CFT) 1761[d] TCP / X.25 [41][42]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP) — — None — — None — —
Fast and Secure Protocol (FASP) ≥33001 UDP 22 TCP No — [92]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) 4001 UDP No — [92]
File Service Protocol (FSP) Chosen by user[e] UDP No — [92]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM) 4800 / 102 TCP [93]
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Active mode 20 20 TCP[f] 21 ≥1024 TCP Yes Jon Postel [92]
Passive mode ≥1024[g] ≥1024
FTP Secure (FTPS) 989 TCP 990 TCP Yes Christopher Allen [92]
HTTP Secure (HTTPS) 443 TCP TCP Yes IESG [92]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT) 30000 TCP TCP No — [92]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 80 TCP TCP Yes Tim Berners-Lee [92]
Micro Transport Protocol (μTP) UDP No — [92]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Chosen by user UDP [94][66]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) 5402 UDP Yes Steve Bannister [92]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM) UDP [69][70]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) 3305 TCP / X.25 TCP / X.25 [19]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2) 6619 TCP / X.25 TCP / X.25 [20]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP) Chosen by user UDP No — [92]
Remote copy (rcp) 514 TCP TCP Yes [92]
Secure copy (SCP) 22 TCP TCP Yes [92]
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP) 80 TCP TCP No — [92]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) 487 TCP Yes Ulli Horlacher [92]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) 115 TCP TCP Yes Mark Lottor [92]
SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP) 22 TCP TCP Yes [92]
T.127 1503 TCP TCP Yes Jim Johnston [92]
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 69 UDP Yes David Clark [92]
Tsunami UDP Protocol Chosen by user UDP TCP No — [92]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads (tus) 80[h] TCP TCP No — [92]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) Chosen by server UDP No — [92]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP) 1044 UDP No — [92]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) 540 TCP TCP Yes [92]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT) Chosen by server or by user TCP TCP No — [92]
  1. ^ When used with HTTP/HTTPS, configurable
  2. ^ When used with SMB
  3. ^ Typically, if port 6881 is unavailable as a listening port, the peer incrementally tries 6882–6889. Another port may be specified in software.
  4. ^ 1761 is the default port, but 1761–1768 are allocated by IANA.
  5. ^ UDP port 21 is sometimes chosen for FSP.
  6. ^ FTP was originally designed for NCP, a protocol used on ARPANET before the advent of TCP. The TCP implementation of FTP was standardized in RFC 959.
  7. ^ The server listens on TCP port 21 (the control port), and the client sends commands to this port from a random port above 1023. To transfer data in active mode, the server initiates a connection from port 20 to the client at the randomly selected port number.
    In passive mode, the client uses a random port above 1023 as a control port, and from this initiates file transfer. The server sends or receives data from a randomly selected port above 1023, and the client sends or receives data from one port number above its own randomly selected control port.
  8. ^ Can be chosen by user, but layers on top of HTTP(S) so often 80/443

Serial protocols

A 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 adapter cable

The following protocols were designed for serial communication, mostly for the RS-232 standard. They are used for uploading and downloading computer files via modem or serial cable (e.g., by null modem or direct cable connection). UUCP is one protocol that can operate with either RS-232 or the Transmission Control Protocol as its transport. The Kermit protocol can operate over any computer-to-computer transport: direct serial, modem, or network (notably TCP/IP, including on connections secured by SSL, SSH, or Kerberos). OBject EXchange is a protocol for binary object wireless transfer via the Bluetooth standard. Bluetooth was conceived as a wireless replacement for RS-232.

Overview

Protocol Author First released License Description Refs
BiModem Erik Labs 1989 Bi-directional transfers.
BLAST Communications Research Group 1981 Powerful protocol originating on the Data General Nova minicomputer, and then ported to micros and mainframes. [95]
C-MODEM Lavio Pareschi 1989 Packet lengths from 32 to 4096 bytes, optional (but normally used) streaming mode.
B protocol CompuServe 1981 Offered file transfer as well as a command stream.
JMODEM Richard B. Johnson ? XMODEM derivative with blocks from 512 to 8192 bytes and RLE compression.
HS/Link Samuel H. Smith 1991
Kermit Frank da Cruz et al. 1981 Open Source (BSD) as of 2011 Transport- and platform-independent transfer of text and binary files across full- or half-duplex connections with conversion of text file formats and character sets. [96]
LeechModem Sam Brown ? Variations of X and Y that faked failed downloads in order to avoid BBS download quotas.
Lynx Matthew Thomas 1989 Similar to Kermit: 64-byte packets, 2 to 16 packets per window, CRC-32. Little or no support outside the Lynx program itself.
NMODEM L. B. Neal 1990 Essentially XMODEM-CRC with 2048 byte blocks.
OBEX File Transfer Protocol ? ? A synchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile.
OBEX Push ? ? An asynchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile. [97]
Punter Steve Punter ? Suite of similar-but-different XMODEM-like protocols for various Commodore machines.
SEAlink Thom Henderson 1986 A MODEM7/XMODEM-compatible protocol with sliding window support developed to avoid propagation delays in satellite transmissions and packet networks. [98][99][100]
SMODEM Arisoft ?
TMODEM Mike Bryeans ?
UUCP Mike Lesk 1979 Suite of protocols for copying files between Unix machines, used for many purposes including the distribution of email. Also allows commands to be sent, which led to the first internet worms. The file transfer protocol within UUCP is the "g" protocol. [101]
MODEM7 Mark M. Zeigler, James K. Mills 1980 Slight extension of XMODEM to add filename support and batch transfers. [102]
XMODEM Ward Christensen 1977 Public domain Very simple protocol that saw widespread use and provided the pattern for many following protocols. [103]
WXMODEM Peter Boswell 1986 Public domain Version of XMODEM with sliding windows for higher performance. [104][105]
YMODEM Chuck Forsberg 1985 Public domain Series of optional expansions on XMODEM for higher performance. [104]
ZMax Mike Bryeans c. 1991 Modifications to ZMODEM to allow packets up to 32 kB in length.
ZMODEM Chuck Forsberg 1986 Public domain Streaming protocol that forsakes XMODEM compatibility but offers a wide variety of new features and improved performance. Became almost universal on BBS systems in the early 1990s. [104]

Features

Protocol Data block size
(bytes)		 Data
compression		 Error detection Transfer
resuming		 Bidirectional Sliding window Refs
BiModem Yes
BLAST 84 - 1024+ RLE CRC Yes Yes Yes [106]
C-MODEM 32–4096 CRC Yes
B protocol 128–2048 CRC32 / CRC16 / 8-bit checksum Yes Yes
JMODEM 64–8192 RLE
HS/Link CRC32 Yes Yes
Kermit ≤9024 (negotiated) RLE (run length encoding, negotiated) Checksum or CRC16 (negotiated) Yes (binary files only, negotiated) No Over full-duplex only (negotiated) [107]
LeechModem
Lynx RLE CRC32 Yes
NMODEM 2048
OBject EXchange
Punter
SEAlink Yes Yes
SMODEM Yes
Tmodem No
UUCP "g" ≤4096 No No [108][109]
MODEM7 128 No Checksum Stop-and-wait ARQ
XMODEM 128 No Checksum Stop-and-wait ARQ
WXMODEM ≤512 Yes
YMODEM 1024 No CRC16
ZMax ≤~32,768 CRC32
ZMODEM 256 / 1024 No CRC32 Yes Yes

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Background_Intelligent Transfer Service". Microsoft Learn. 25 May 2021.
  2. ^ Cohen, Bram (2 July 2001). "The BitTorrent Protocol Specification". Yahoo! Finance Groups. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  3. ^ Shoch, John (1979). EFTP: A PUP-based Ether File Transfer Protocol.
  4. ^ Snodgrass, Richard (December 1982). A Relational Approach to Monitoring Complex Systems. pp. 119, 149. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  5. ^ US patent 20090063698, Ying Xu, Michelle Christine Munson, Serban Simu, "Method and system for aggregate bandwith control [sic]", issued 30 May 2017, assigned to Aspera, Inc. and IBM 
  6. ^ Paila, Toni; Luby, Michael; Lehtonen, Rami; Roca, Vincent; Walsh, Rod (October 2004). FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC3926. RFC 3926. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  7. ^ Petersen, Julie K., ed. (2002). "File Service Protocol". The Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-1-4200-4067-8 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ "File Service Protocol (FSP) Frequently Asked Questions [Part 2/2]". FAQs.org. 21 July 1995. Section: "Who writes and maintains FSP software?". Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  9. ^ Bhushan, Abhay (April 1971). A File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0114. RFC 114. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  10. ^ Horowitz, M.; Lunt, S. (October 1997). FTP Security Extensions. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2228. RFC 2228. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  11. ^ Ford-Hutchinson, Paul (October 2005). Securing FTP with TLS. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4217. RFC 4217. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  12. ^ Sliwa, Carol (31 May 1999). "Secure Sockets Layer". Computerworld. p. 69. Retrieved 1 March 2018 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ Hickman, Kipp E. B. (April 1995). The SSL Protocol. IETF. I-D draft-hickman-netscape-ssl-00. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  14. ^ Berners-Lee, Tim. "The Original HTTP as defined in 1991". W3.org. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  15. ^ a b c Iwaya, Akemi (10 November 2015). "Why was 80 Chosen as the Default HTTP Port and 443 as the Default HTTPS Port?". How-To Geek. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  16. ^ a b Norberg, Arvid (22 June 2009). "uTorrent transport protocol". BitTorrent.org. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  17. ^ Klinker, Eric (16 May 2010). "Eric Klinker Presentation at Emerging Communication Conference & Awards 2010 America § Status of uTP". eCommConf. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  18. ^ U S patent 7710961, C. Kenneth Miller, Thomas Andresen, Thomas Gardner, Craig Michelson, Kenneth Cates, Marc White, Kary Robertson, "System and method for sending packets over a computer network", issued 20 December 2011, assigned to Darby and Mohaine LLC 
  19. ^ a b c Nash, David (September 1997). ODETTE File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2204. RFC 2204. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  20. ^ a b c Friend, Ieuan (November 2007). ODETTE File Transfer Protocol 2. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5024. RFC 5024. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  21. ^ a b He, Eric; Leigh, Jason; Yu, Oliver; DeFanti, Thomas A. (September 2002). "Reliable Blast UDP: Predictable High Performance Bulk Data Transfer" (PDF). Proceedings: IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, ICCC (January 2002). IEEE Cluster Computing 2002. Chicago. pp. 317–24. ISSN 1552-5244. OCLC 5942572037. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  22. ^ McKusick, Marshall Kirk (1999). "Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix: From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable". Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution. O'Reilly & Associates. Section: "4.2BSD". ISBN 978-1-56592-582-3.
  23. ^ Ylonen, Tatu (31 August 2017). "SSH: Secure Shell § History of the SSH Protocol". SSH.com. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  24. ^ Rescorla, Eric; Schiffman, Allan M. (August 1999). The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2660. RFC 2660. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  25. ^ a b Horlacher, Ulli. "SAFT / sendfile". fex.belwue.de. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  26. ^ a b Horlacher, Ulli. "sendfile(1)". manpages.org. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  27. ^ Lottor (1984), pp. 1, 13
  28. ^ Ylönen, Tatu (30 September 2012). "Re: where are SFTP v0 - 2 defined?". secsh (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 March 2018. I designed and implemented the original SFTP protocol for SSH 2.0 back around 1997. Sami Lehtinen did further development on it.
    It was originally a proprietary protocol at SSH Communications Security (www.ssh.com), though source code was publicly available. It took a while [sic] before we wrote the draft and brought it to the IETF for standardization (seems to have been January 2001).    [permanent dead link‍]
  29. ^ "T.127: Multipoint binary file transfer protocol". ITU. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  30. ^ "T.127 (08/95) Multipoint binary file transfer protocol". ITU. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  31. ^ Sollins, Karen R. (January 1980). The TFTP Protocol. IETF. IEN 133. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  32. ^ Wagner, Jan. "Tsunami UDP Protocol". tsunami-udp.sourceforge.net. Jon Wagner – via SourceForge.
  33. ^ "Research". anml.iu.edu. Pervasive Technology Labs at Indiana University. Section: "Tsunami". Archived from the original on 29 July 2010.
  34. ^ a b protocol.md on GitHub
  35. ^ a b "tus - resumable file uploads".
  36. ^ a b Bush, Dennis. "Changes". uftp-multicast.sourceforge.net. Dennis Bush. Retrieved 9 March 2018 – via SourceForge.
  37. ^ "wdt: Releases". GitHub. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  38. ^ Villanueva, John Carl (17 February 2015). "Managed File Transfer and Network Solutions". JSCAPE.com. JSCAPE.
  39. ^ Cohen, Bram (4 February 2017) [2008]. "The BitTorrent Protocol Specification". BitTorrent.org. Section: "Trackers". Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  40. ^ "Message Stream Encryption". Vuze Wiki. Azureus Software. 1 December 2007 [2006]. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  41. ^ a b "Transfer CFT 3.2.4 Users Guide § Configuring Transfer CFT". Axway.com. Axway Software. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  42. ^ a b "Transfer CFT 3.2.2 Local Administration Guide § Transport Security". Axway.com. Axway Software. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  43. ^ "Printing at PARC—Appendix: Glossary of Terms § EFTP". 4 August 1978. Retrieved 3 March 2018. A simple, PUP-oriented protocol, designed for file transmission from user programs to servers (especially printing servers). The server must acknowledge each packet before the next is sent. This protocol admits to compact implementation in user programs, offset by some redunction in bandwidth.
  44. ^ Pott, Trevor (1 October 2015). "Aspera high speed file transfer: Let the cloud protocol wars begin". The Register. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  45. ^ "FASP Security Model". AsperaSoft.com. Aspera. 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  46. ^ Campos, Andrea (2 June 2016). "Resuming file transfers with ascp". AsperaSoft.com. Aspera. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  47. ^ Paila, Toni; Walsh, Rod; Luby, Michael; Roca, Vincent; Lehtonen, Rami (November 2012). FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC3926. RFC 3926. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  48. ^ Peltotalo, Jani; Peltotalo, Sami; Harju, Jarmo. "Analysis of the FLUTE Data Carousel" (PDF). mad.cs.tut.fi. Tampere University of Technology. p. 1. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  49. ^ Peltotalo, Jani; Peltotalo, Sami; Harju, Jarmo; Walsh, Rod (June 2007) [2006]. "Performance analysis of a file delivery system based on the FLUTE protocol". International Journal of Communication Systems. 20 (6): 633. doi:10.1002/dac.835. S2CID 260426266.
  50. ^ "File Service Protocol (FSP) Frequently Asked Questions v1.1". FAQs.org. 19 August 1996. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  51. ^ "Common Ports". Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Security Guide. Red Hat. 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  52. ^ "openFT v11.0: Setting Up a Connection to Customs (Atlas) with openFT FTAM" (PDF). Fujitsu. 2010. p. 2. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  53. ^ Postel, Jon; Reynolds, Joyce (October 1985). File Transfer Protocol (FTP). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0959. RFC 959. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  54. ^ Kozierok, Charles M. (20 September 2005). "FTP Overview, History and Standards". The TCP/IP Guide (v3.0 ed.). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  55. ^ Bhushan, Abhay (April 1971). A File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0114. RFC 114. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  56. ^ Braden, Robert (October 1989). "FTP Restart Mechanism". Requirements for Internet Hosts—Application and Support. IETF. pp. 36–7. sec. 4.1.3.4. doi:10.17487/RFC1123. RFC 1123. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  57. ^ Hethmon, Paul (March 2007). "Restarting in STREAM Mode". Extensions to FTP. IETF. sec. 5.1. doi:10.17487/RFC3659. RFC 3659. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  58. ^ Rescorla, Eric (May 2000). HTTP Over TLS. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2818. RFC 2818. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  59. ^ Reynolds, Joyce; Postel, Jon (October 1994). Assigned Numbers. IETF. p. 34. doi:10.17487/RFC1700. RFC 1700. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  60. ^ "The Incredible HULFT – My Favorite B2B Network Protocol". OpenText Blogs. OpenText. 27 August 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  61. ^ "9.4.1. HULFT § Overview". Enterprise Cloud Knowledge Center. NTT Communications. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  62. ^ "9.4.1. HULFT § HULFT 8 Cipher Option". Enterprise Cloud Knowledge Center. NTT Communications. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  63. ^ "導入サービス". HULFT.com (in Japanese). Saison Information Systems. Section: "前提事項、その他". Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  64. ^ Reynolds, Joyce; Postel, Jon (July 1992). Assigned Numbers. IETF. p. 12. doi:10.17487/RFC1340. RFC 1340. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  65. ^ Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joe. "Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Developer's Guide". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  66. ^ a b "Multicast Dissemination Protocol History". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  67. ^ Miller, Kenneth; Robertson, Kary; Tweedly, Alex; White, Marc (April 1998). "IANA Assigned UDP Port". StarBurst Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) Specification. IETF. p. 10. I-D miller-mftp-spec-03. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  68. ^ "StarBurst MFTP Compared to Today's File Transfer Protocols: A White Paper". StarBurst Communications. 1996 – via University of California, Irvine.
  69. ^ a b "NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM)". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  70. ^ a b Adamson, Brian; Bormann, Carsten; Handley, Mark; Macker, Joe (November 2009). NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Transport Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5740. RFC 5740. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  71. ^ Li, Jie; Veeraraghavan, Malathi (2012). A Reliable Message Multicast Transport Protocol for Virtual Circuits (PDF). 4th International Conference on Communications, Mobility, and Computing (CMC 2012). p. 120. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  72. ^ RBUDP on GitHub
  73. ^ "Rlogin, RSH, and RCP". SourceDaddy. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  74. ^ Rescorla, Eric; Schiffman, Allan M. (August 1999). The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2660. RFC 2660. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  75. ^ "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry". IANA.org. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  76. ^ Lottor (1984), p. 10
  77. ^ Ylonen, Tatu (10 October 2017). "SFTP - SSH Secure File Transfer Protocol § SFTP Port Number". SSH.com. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  78. ^ "ITU-T Rec. T.127 (08/2007) Multipoint binary file transfer protocol". International Telecommunication Union. 2008. p. 4.
  79. ^ "A Primer on the T.120 Series" (PDF). DataBeam Corporation. 1997 [1995]. pp. 2, 4. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  80. ^ "T.120: Multipoint Data Conferencing and Real Time Communication Protocols". Network Protocols Handbook (2 ed.). Javvin Technologies. January 2005. p. 137. ISBN 9780974094526.
  81. ^ Sollins, Karen R. (July 1992). The TFTP Protocol (Revision 2). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC1350. RFC 1350. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  82. ^ "Tsunami UDP Protocol – Installation, Setup and Limitations". BluePiIT.com. BluePi Consulting. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  83. ^ a b c Tkaczewski, John (18 June 2012). "Open Source Fast File Transfers". FileCatalyst.com. FileCatalyst. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  84. ^ Valeros Bernardo, Danilo; Hoang, Doan B. (2010). "End-to-End Security Methods for UDT Data Transmissions". Future Generation Information Technology. International Conference on Future Generation Information Technology. p. 383. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17569-5_38. ISBN 978-3-642-17569-5.
  85. ^ Valeros Bernardo, Danilo (2012). Network Security Mechanisms and Implementations for the Next Generation Reliable Fast Data Transfer Protocol—UDT (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). University of Technology Sydney. pp. 22, 91–102. OCLC 830759422. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  86. ^ "Encrypted UDP based FTP with multicast (UFTP)". Wireshark Wiki. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  87. ^ Reifschneider, Sean (8 January 2004). "Mobile Email with UUCP". ONLamp. O'Reilly Media. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  88. ^ Ravin, Ed (1996). Using & Managing UUCP (2nd ed.). O'Reilly & Associates. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-56592-153-5.
  89. ^ WDT RocksDB Dec 16 2016. Laurent Demailly. 23 December 2016. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2018 – via YouTube.
  90. ^ Demailly, Laurent (17 October 2015). "Getting Started with the WDT command line". GitHub. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  91. ^ wdt on GitHub
  92. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry". IANA.org. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  93. ^ "openFT v11.0: Setting Up a Connection to Customs (Atlas) with openFT FTAM" (PDF). Fujitsu. 2010. p. 2. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  94. ^ Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joe. "Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Developer's Guide". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  95. ^ Magidson, Steve (15 May 1989). "Moving Files Can Be a BLAST" (PDF). UNIX Today!. CMP Media. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  96. ^ da Cruz (1987) p. 3
  97. ^ "OBEX (Object Exchange) Protocol". irdajp.org. Infrared Data Association. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  98. ^ sealink.c on GitHub
  99. ^ Held, Gilbert (1993). "SeaLink". Mastering PC Communications Software. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 74.
  100. ^ Woggon, Michele (1995). "SeaLink". Telecommunications Using ProComm & ProComm Plus Made Easy. Prentice Hall. p. 34.
  101. ^ "UUCP protocol internals". University of Utah.
  102. ^ Lucas, Jay (6 September 1982). "Freeware: Modem lets your computers communicate". InfoWorld. IDG. p. 53. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  103. ^ Glass (1988) p. 87
  104. ^ a b c Glass (1988) p. 89
  105. ^ Boswell, Peter (2007) [1986]. How XModem, XModem CRC, and WXModem work. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014 – via Totse.com.
  106. ^ Magidson, Steve (15 May 1989). "Moving Files Can Be a BLAST" (PDF). UNIX Today!. CMP Media. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  107. ^ da Cruz (1987) pp. 234, 253, 307
  108. ^ Wells, Nicholas (2003). "Using UUCP for Remote Access". Guide to Linux Installation and Administration. Course Technology. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-619-00094-3 – via Google Books.
  109. ^ Taylor, Ian Lance. "UUCP 'g' Protocol". FreeBSD Documentation Server. The FreeBSD Project. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

References

Further reading

Read other articles:

The Twist (song)

Single The Twist is an American pop song written and originally released in 1958 by Hank Ballard and the Midnighters as a B-side to Teardrops on Your Letter.[1] It was inspired by the twist dance craze. Ballard's version was a moderate hit, peaking at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960.[2] On the US Billboard Hot R&B Sides chart, the original version of The Twist first peaked at number 16 in 1959 and at number six in 1960.[3] By 1962, the record sold in exc...

 

Sognu

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chanson, le Concours Eurovision de la chanson et la Corse. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Sognu Chanson de Amaury Vassili au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2011 Sortie 2011 Langue Corse Auteur Jean-Pierre Marcellesi, Julie Miller Compositeur Daniel Moyne, Quentin Bachelet Chansons représentant la France au Concours Eurovision de la chanson All...

 

Maurice Rioli

Australian rules footballer and politician For his son, who plays for Richmond in the 2020s, see Maurice Rioli Jr. Australian rules footballer Maurice Rioli Rioli in 1982Personal informationFull name Maurice Joseph Rioli TipakalippaDate of birth (1957-09-01)1 September 1957Place of birth Melville Island, Northern TerritoryDate of death 25 December 2010(2010-12-25) (aged 53)Place of death Darwin, Northern TerritoryOriginal team(s) St Mary's (NTFL)Height 176 cm (5 ft 9 ...

Dean Court

Football stadium in Bournemouth, England This article is about the football stadium in Bournemouth. For the community near Oxford, see Dean Court, Oxfordshire. Dean CourtPanorama of Dean Court from East StandFormer namesGoldsands StadiumSeward StadiumFitness First StadiumLocationKings ParkBournemouthDorsetBH7 7AFEnglandCoordinates50°44′07″N 1°50′18″W / 50.73528°N 1.83833°W / 50.73528; -1.83833OwnerStructadeneCapacity11,307[1]Record attendance28,799 ...

 

Ikebukuro Station

Major railway and metro station in Tokyo, Japan Ikebukuro Station池袋駅The east side of Ikebukuro Station and the Seibu Department Store building in April 2023General informationLocationMinami-Ikebukuro, Toshima, TokyoJapanCoordinates35°43′49″N 139°42′41″E / 35.73028°N 139.71139°E / 35.73028; 139.71139Operated by JR East Seibu Railway Tobu Railway Tokyo Metro Connections Bus terminalHistoryOpened1 April 1903; 121 years ago (1903-04-01)L...

 

Sarcosaurus

Extinct genus of dinosaurs Not to be confused with Sarcolestes or Sarcosuchus. SarcosaurusTemporal range: Hettangian-Sinemurian~200–194 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skeletons of the known specimens of Sarcosaurus woodi (restored as a ceratosaur) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Neotheropoda Genus: †SarcosaurusAndrews, 1921 Type species †Sarcosaurus woodiAndrews, 1921 Syno...

ابن شمس الخلافة

ابن شمس الخلافة معلومات شخصية الميلاد 543 هـمصر تاريخ الوفاة 662 هـ الحياة العملية المهنة شاعر  بوابة الأدب تعديل مصدري - تعديل   ابن شمس الخلافة (543 هـ-622 هـ)، الملقب مجد الملك، شاعر من أهل مصر وأديب ومشهور بحسن خطه، وله ديوان شعري وتصانيف، وامتدح الكبار. روى عنه القوصي وال...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

Planète+

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Planète+ (homonymie). Planète+CaractéristiquesCréation 19 septembre 1988Propriétaire Groupe Canal+Slogan « La réalité est toujours plus forte que la fiction »Format d'image 16:9, 576i et 1080iLangue FrançaisPays FranceStatut Thématique nationale privéeSiège social Boulogne-BillancourtAncien nom Planète Câble (1988-1999)Planète (1999-2011)Site web www.planeteplus.comDiffusionDiffusion TNT payante, câble, satellite et IPTV.modifier -...

منظمة الثورة الإسلامية في شبه الجزيرة العربية

منظمة الثورة الإسلامية في شبه الجزيرة العربية   البلد السعودية  تاريخ التأسيس 1979  تاريخ الحل 1991  المقر الرئيسي إيران  الأيديولوجيا الشيعة  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   منظمة الثورة الإسلامية في شبه الجزيرة العربية هي حركة سياسية شيعية سعودية معارضة أسسها حسن الص...

 

Amago Tsunehisa

Japanese warlord (1458–1541) In this Japanese name, the surname is Amago.Amago Tsunehisa尼子経久Head of Amago clanIn office1477–1538Preceded byAmago KiyosadaSucceeded byAmago Haruhisa Personal detailsBornDecember 25, 1458Izumo ProvinceDiedNovember 30, 1541(aged 82)ParentsAmago Kiyosada(尼子清定) (father)Maki Tomochika's daughter(真木朝親娘) (mother)Nickname(s)Matashirō (又四郎)Burial name:(興国院月叟省心大居士)Military serviceAllegiance Amago clanRankDaimyō (Lo...

 

Isabel Wilkerson

American journalist Isabel WilkersonWilkerson at the 2010 Texas Book FestivalBorn1961 (age 62–63)Washington, D.C., U.S.OccupationJournalist, authorEducationHoward University (BA)GenreJournalism, HistoryNotable worksThe Warmth of Other SunsCaste: The Origins of Our DiscontentsNotable awardsGeorge S. Polk AwardPulitzer Prize for Feature WritingJournalist of the Year by the National Association of Black JournalistsNational Book Critics Circle Award (Nonfiction)Anisfield-Wolf Book Awar...

Musée Paul et Alexandra Kanellopoulos

Musée Paul et Alexandra KanellopoulosInformations généralesSite web (el + en) pacf.gr/enLocalisationLocalisation dème des Athéniens GrèceCoordonnées 37° 58′ 22″ N, 23° 43′ 33″ Emodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le musée Paul et Alexandra Kanellopoulos (grec moderne : Μουσείο Παύλου και Αλεξάνδρας Κανελλοπούλου) est un musée d'antiquités situé à Athènes, en Grèce....

 

Shushtar

Untuk subdivisi administratif, lihat Kabupaten Shushtar. Shushtar شوشترKotaShushtarKoordinat: 32°02′44″N 48°51′24″E / 32.04556°N 48.85667°E / 32.04556; 48.85667Koordinat: 32°02′44″N 48°51′24″E / 32.04556°N 48.85667°E / 32.04556; 48.85667Negara IranProvinsiKhuzestanKabupatenShushtarBakhshTengahPopulasi (Sensus 2016) • Perkotaan101,878 [1]Zona waktuUTC+3:30 (IRST) • Musim panas...

 

Acidobacteriota

Phylum of bacteria Acidobacteriota Acidobacterium cf. capsulatum Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Phylum: AcidobacteriotaThrash and Coates 2021[1] Type genus AcidobacteriumKishimoto et al. 1991 Classes[2] Acidobacteriia Blastocatellia Ca. Guanabacteria Holophagae Ca. Polarisedimenticolia Thermoanaerobaculia Vicinamibacteria Synonyms Acidobacteria Thrash and Coates 2010[3] Acidobacteraeota Oren et al. 2015 Acidobacteriota Whitman et al. 2018 Acidobacteriota is...

رابطة حماية الطبيعة في ألمانيا

52°31′23″N 13°22′43″E / 52.523136°N 13.378625°E / 52.523136; 13.378625 هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2009) رابطة حماية الطبيعة في ألمانيا الاختصار (بالألمانية: NABU)‏  البلد ألمانيا  المقر الرئيسي برلي�...

 

Kim Sung-kyu (actor, born 1986)

South Korean actor For the other actor of the same name, see Kim Sung-kyu. In this Korean name, the family name is Kim. Kim Sung-kyu2022 Hansan: Rising Dragon VIP previewBorn (1986-01-06) January 6, 1986 (age 38)Gyeonggi, South KoreaAlma materDaejin UniversityOccupationActorYears active2011–presentAgentSaram[1] Korean nameHangul김성규Revised RomanizationKim Seong-gyuMcCune–ReischauerKim Sŏng-kyu Websiteesaram.co.kr/ko/kimsungkyu Kim Sung-kyu (born January 6, 198...

 

Réalisation (audiovisuel)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Réalisation. La réalisation d'un film est le processus de fabrication qui commence par une idée originale, parcourt les étapes de l'écriture du script, prépare le tournage au cours de la préproduction, mène à sa bonne fin le tournage proprement dit, puis assure le montage et la finition, appelés postproduction, et se termine par la distribution qui englobe toute la commercialisation de l'ouvrage. Elle implique un nombre de techniciens, d'artistes e...

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex

English nobleman and rebel (1565–1601) For other people with the same name, see Robert Devereux (disambiguation). Robert DevereuxEarl of EssexThe 2nd Earl of Essex, by Marcus Gheeraerts the YoungerTenure1576–1601PredecessorWalter Devereux, 1st Earl of EssexSuccessorRobert Devereux, 3rd Earl of EssexKnown forFavourite of Elizabeth IBorn10 November 1565Netherwood near Bromyard, Herefordshire, Kingdom of EnglandDied25 February 1601(1601-02-25) (aged 35)Liberties of the Tower, Londo...

 

Monophony

Musical texture For other uses, see Monophony (disambiguation). This melody for the traditional song Pop Goes the Weasel is monophonic as long as it is performed without chordal accompaniment.[1] Playⓘ In music, monophony is the simplest of musical textures, consisting of a melody (or tune), typically sung by a single singer or played by a single instrument player (e.g., a flute player) without accompanying harmony or chords. Many folk songs and traditional songs are monophonic. A m...