He began working as a temporary lecturer in history at Newcastle University, 1972–73 before moving on to the University of Exeter, where he remained until 1995. He was then appointed professor of history in the history department of the University of Warwick, where he stayed until 2006.
He is known especially for his Paris, Biography of a City, which won the Enid MacLeod Prize of the Franco-British Society as the book published in 2004 which contributed most to Anglo-French understanding.
Charity and Bienfaisance: The Treatment of the Poor in the Montpellier Region 1740-1815, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, xvi + 317 pp.
The Longman Companion to the French Revolution, London: Longman, 1988, xiv + 473 pp.; Paperback edition, 1990
The Charitable Imperative: Hospitals and Nursing in Ancien Régime and Revolutionary France, London: Routledge, November 1989, xiii + 317 pp.
(With John Ardagh), Cultural Atlas of France, New York and Oxford: Facts on File, 1991, 240 pp.; French, German, Dutch, Polish translations
The Cambridge Illustrated History of France, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, 352 pp. Paperback edition, 1999; German, Korean, Chinese translations
(With Laurence Brockliss) The Medical World of Early Modern France, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, xii + 960pp.
The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon 1715-99, London: Penguin, 2002, xxx + 651pp.; US hardback edition published by Columbia University Press, 2003
Madame de Pompadour: Images of a Mistress, London: National Gallery Publications with Yale University Press, 2002), 176 pp. Associated with the international exhibition on the same topic held in Versailles, Munich and at the National Gallery, London, 2002
Paris: Biography of a City, London: Allen Lane/Penguin, 2004, xxviii + 643 pp. US edition, 2005, Penguin/Viking; paperback, 2006; Russian and Chinese translations. Awarded the Enid McLeod Prize of the Franco-British Society as the book published in 2004 which contributed most to Anglo-French understanding.
The Fall of Robespierre: 24 Hours in Revolutionary Paris. Oxford University Press, 2021.