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Codex Carolinus is an uncial manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated to the 6th or 7th century. It is a palimpsest containing a Latin text written over a Gothic one. The Gothic text is designated by siglum Car, the Latin text is designated by siglum gue (traditional system) or by 79 (on the list of Beuron), it represents the Old Latin translation of the New Testament.^[1] It is housed in the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel in Lower Saxony, Germany.

It is one of very few manuscripts of Wulfila's Gothic Bible.^[2]^[3] The manuscript is fragmentary. The four leaves of the codex were used as raw material for the production of another manuscript – Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis. It is a palimpsest, and its text has been reconstructed several times. Franz Anton Knittel was the first to examine it and decipher its text.^[1]

Description

The codex has survived to the present day in a very fragmentary condition. It contains only the text of the Epistle to the Romans 11-15 on four parchment leaves (size 26.5 cm by 21.5 cm). The text is written in two parallel columns, 27 lines per column. The left column is in Gothic, the right in Latin.^[4]

Contents: Romans 11:33-12:5; 12:17-13:5; 14:9-20; 15:3-13.^[5]

The text of the codex is not divided into chapters. The nomina sacra are used both in Gothic and Latin texts (ihm and ihu for "Iesum" and "Iesu"). All the abbreviations are marked with the superscript bar.^[4]^[6] Its text has some value in Romans 14:14 for Textual Criticism.^[7]

It is a palimpsest, the whole book is known as Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis. The upper text is in Latin, it contains Isidore of Seville's Origines and his six letters. The lower text of the codex belongs to several much earlier manuscripts, such as Codex Guelferbytanus A, Codex Guelferbytanus B, and Codex Carolinus.^[8]

History

The manuscript is dated palaeographically to the 6th century or 7th century. According to Tischendorf it was written in the 6th century.^[9] Probably it was written in Italy. Nothing is known about its early history. In the 12th or 13th century four of its leaves were used as material for another book and they were overwritten by Latin text. Its later story is linked with the codices Guelferbytanus A and B.^[8]^[10]

Formerly the manuscript was held in Bobbio, Weissenburg, Mainz, and Prague. The Duke of Brunswick bought it in 1689.^[8]

The manuscript became known to the scholars in the half of the 18th century, where it was found in the Ducal Library of Wolfenbüttel. The first description of the codex was made by Heusinger.^[11] Franz Anton Knittel (1721–1792) recognized two lower Greek texts of the New Testament in this palimpsest codex, and designated them by A and B, he recognized also the Gothic-Latin text (known later as Codex Carolinus).^[10] F. A. Knittel deciphered Gothic-Latin text of the Codex Carolinus and published it in 1762 at Brunswick.^[12] In his edition all abbreviated forms, Gothic and Latin, are written in full. It was published in Uppsala in 1763.^[13] It was published again by Theodor Zahn.^[14]

Knittel made many errors, especially in Latin text, he also did not decipher every word and left several lacunae in the reconstructed text (e.g. Romans 11:35; 12:2; 15:8). Tischendorf made a new and more accurate collation for the Latin text and edited in 1855. Tischendorf used abbreviations for the nomina sacra, he did not leave any lacunae.^[15] The new collation of the Gothic text was given by Carla Falluomini in 1999.^[5]

The codex is located at the Herzog August Bibliothek (no. 4148) in Wolfenbüttel.^[1]

Samples of reconstructed text (Romans 11:33-12:2)

Gothic text (folio 277 recto, 1 col.)

Knittel's reconstruction^[16]

Jah witubnijs goths

qhaiwa unusspilloda sind

stauos is

jah unbilaistidai

wigos is

Qhas auk ufkuntha

frathi fanins

aiththau qhas imma

raginens was

Aiththau qhas imma

frumozo f . .

jah fragildaidau imma

Uste us imma

jah thairh ina

jah in imma alla

immuh wulthus

du aivam amen

Bidja nuizwis brothrjus

thairh bleithein goths

usgiban leika izwara

saud qwiwana weihana

waila galeikaidana gotha

andathahtana

blotinassu izwarana

ni galeikoth izwis

thamma aiwa

Falluomini's reconstruction^[17]

Jah witubnijs g(u)þ(i)s

hvaiwa unusspilloda si(n)d

stauos ïs

jah unbilaistidai

wigos ïs

Hvas auk ufkunþa

[.]raþi f(rauj)ins

aiþþau hvas ïmma

raginens was

Aiþ[.]au hvas ïmma

fr[../.]a gaf

jah fragildaidau ïmma

uste us ïmma

jah thairh ina

jah ïn ïmma alla

ïmmuh wulþus

du aiwam amen

Bi[.]ja nu ïzwis broþrjus

þairh bleiþein g(u)þ(i)s

usgiban leika ïzwara

saud qiwana weihana

waila galeikaidana g(u)þa

andaþahtana

blotinassu ïzwara(n)a

ni galeikoþ ïzwis

þamma aiwa

Latin text (folio 277 recto, 2 col.)

Knittel's reconstruction^[16]

et scientiae Dei

quam in enarrabilia sunt

iudicia eius

et non adsequaende

viae eius

Quis enim cognovit

intellectum Domini

aut quis ei

consiliarus fuit

aut quis ei

prius dedit

et retribuatur illi

quoniam ex illo

et per illum

in illo omnia

illi gloria

in secula amen

Rogo ergo vos fratres

per misericordiam Dei

exbibere corpora vestra

hostiam vivam sanctam

placentem Deo

consideratum

cultum vestrum

ne assimiletis

vos seculo

Tischendorf's reconstruction^[18]

et scientiae di

quam scrutabilia sunt

iudicia eius

et investigabiles

viae eius

Quis enim cognobit

sensum dni

aut quis illi

consiliarus fuit

aut quis

prior dedit illi

et reddetur ei

quoniam ex illo

et per ipsum

et in ipso omnia

ipsi gloria

in secula amen

Obsecro itaq vos fratres

per misericordiam di

ut exhibeatis corpora vestra

hostiam vivam scam

placentem do

rationabile

obsequium vestru

nolite configuari

huic mundo

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Metzger, Bruce M. (1977). The Early Versions of the New Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 306, 381. ISBN 0-19-826170-5.
^ Metzger, Bruce M. (1977). The Early Versions of the New Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 378–382. ISBN 0-19-826170-5.
^ Manuscripts of Gothic Bible at the Wulfila Project
^ ^a ^b Knittel, Franz (1763). Fragmenta Versionis Ulphilanae. Uppsala.
^ ^a ^b Falluomini, Carla (1999). Der sogenannte Codex Carolinus von Wolfenbüttel. (Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis). Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der gotisch-lateinischen Blätter (255, 256, 277, 280). Wolfenbütteler Mittelalter-Studien. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-04230-3.
^ Gothica
^ George W. S. Friedrichsen, The Gothic Text of Rom. XIV 14 ( τι κοινον ειναι ), in Cod. Guelferbytanus, Weissenburg 64, JTS (Clarendon Press, 1937), pp. 245-247.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 62.
^ Tischendorf, Editio Octava maiora, vol. III, p. 1111.
^ ^a ^b Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 143.
^ Heusinger, Jakob Friedrich (1752). De quattuor Evangeliorum Codice Graeco, quem antiqua manu membrana scriptum Guelferbytana bibliotheca servat. Guelf.
^ Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments, Vol. 1. Leipzig. p. 63.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ F. A. Knittel, Fragmenta Versionis Ulphilanae, Upsaliae 1763.
^ Gregory, Caspar René (1902). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments, Vol. 2. Leipzig. p. 732.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Tischendorf, Constantin von (1855). Anecdota sacra et profana. Leipzig. pp. 153–158.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b Knittel, Franz A. (1763). Fragmenta Versionis Ulphilanae (in Latin). p. 1.
^ Gothic text in Falluomini's reconstruction at the Digitale Edition der Handschrift Cod. Guelf. 64 Weiss
^ Constantin von Tischendorf, Anecdota sacra et profana (Lipsiae 1855), p. 155.

External links

Text of the codex

Codex Carolinus — with reconstructed text Gothic and Latin
Gothic text in Falluomini's reconstruction at the Digitale Edition der Handschrift Cod. Guelf. 64 Weiss