Cladosporium

Cladosporium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Dothideomycetes
Order: Capnodiales
Family: Davidiellaceae
Genus: Cladosporium
Link (1816)
Type species
Cladosporium herbarum
(Pers.) Link (1816)
Synonyms[1]
  • Acrosporella Riedl & Ershad (1977)
  • Azosma Corda (1831)
  • Didymotrichum Bonord. (1851)
  • Heterosporium Klotzsch ex Cooke (1877)
  • Hormodendrum Bonord. (1851)
  • Mydonosporium Corda (1833)
  • Myxocladium Corda (1837)
  • Polyrhizium Giard (1889)
  • Spadicesporium V.N.Boriss. & Dvoïnos (1982)
  • Sporocladium Chevall. (1826)

Cladosporium is a genus of fungi including some of the most common indoor and outdoor molds. Some species are endophytes[2] or plant pathogens, while others parasitize fungi.

Description

Species produce olive-green to brown or black colonies, and have dark-pigmented conidia that are formed in simple or branching chains. Many species of Cladosporium are commonly found on living and dead plant material. Including Sunflowers.[3] The spores are wind-dispersed and they are often extremely abundant in outdoor air. Indoors Cladosporium species may grow on surfaces when moisture is present.

Cladosporium fulvum, cause of tomato leaf mould, has been an important genetic model, in that the genetics of host resistance are understood.[4] In the 1960s, it was estimated that the genus Cladosporium contained around 500 plant-pathogenic and saprotrophic species,[5] but this number has since been increased to over 772 species.[6] The genus is very closely related to black yeasts in the order Dothideales.[5] Cladosporium species are often highly osmotolerant, growing easily on media containing 10% glucose or 12–17% NaCl.[5] They are rarely grown on media containing 24% NaCl or 50% glucose and never isolated from medium with 32% NaCl or greater.[5] Most species have very fragile spore chains, making it extremely difficult to prepare a mount for microscopic observation in which the conidial chains are preserved intact.[7]

Health effects

Cladosporium species are present in the human mycobiome but are rarely pathogenic to humans. They have been reported to cause infections of the skin and toenails as well as sinuses and lungs, with more common symptoms including nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, and itchy eyes.[8] The airborne spores of Cladosporium species are significant allergens, and in large amounts they can severely affect people with asthma and other respiratory diseases. Cladosporium species produce no major mycotoxins of concern, but do produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with odours. Cladosporium is not associated with anaphylaxis.[8]

Hyperparasitism on rusts

Several Cladosporium species are known to be hyperparasitic to rust fungi.[9][10][11]

Species

References

  1. ^ "Synonymy. Current Name: Cladosporium Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 7: 37 (1816) [1815]". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  2. ^ Khan M, Sohrab MH, Rony SR, Tareq FS, Hasan CM, Mazid MA (2016). "Cytotoxic and antibacterial naphthoquinones from an endophytic fungus, Cladosporium sp". Toxicology Reports. 3: 861–865. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.10.005. PMC 5616083. PMID 28959613. S2CID 19518838.
  3. ^ Anilkumar, T.B.; Seshadri, V.S. (1975). "Cladosporium leaf spot of sunflower". Current Science. 44 (19): 722.
  4. ^ Rivas, S.; Thomas, C.M. (2005). "Molecular interactions between tomato and the leaf mold pathogen: Cladosporium fulvum". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 43: 395–436. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140224. PMID 16078890.
  5. ^ a b c d Deshmukh, S.K.; Rai, M.K. (2005). Biodiversity of fungi : their role in human life. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers. p. 460. ISBN 1578083680.
  6. ^ Dugan, Frank M.; Schubert, Konstanze; Braun, Uwe (2004). "Check-list of Cladosporium names". Schlechtendalia. 11: 1–119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-31. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
  7. ^ Barron, George L. (1968). The genera of Hyphomycetes from soil. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780882750040.
  8. ^ a b "Allergen Fact Sheets". www.thermofisher.com. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  9. ^ Torres, David Eduardo; Rojas-Martínez, Reyna Isabel; Zavaleta-Mejía, Emma; Guevara-Fefer, Patricia; Márquez-Guzmán, G. Judith; Pérez-Martínez, Carolina (2017-01-31). "Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides as potential new fungal antagonists of Puccinia horiana Henn., the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust". PLOS ONE. 12 (1): e0170782. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270782T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170782. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5283677. PMID 28141830.
  10. ^ Assante, Gemma; Maffi, Dario; Saracchi, Marco; Farina, Gandolfina; Moricca, Salvatore; Ragazzi, Alessandro (February 2004). "Histological studies on the mycoparasitism of Cladosporium tenuissimum on urediniospores of Uromyces appendiculatus". Mycological Research. 108 (2): 170–182. doi:10.1017/S0953756203008852. ISSN 1469-8102. PMID 15119354.
  11. ^ Zhan, Gangming; Tian, Yuan; Wang, Fuping; Chen, Xianming; Guo, Jun; Jiao, Min; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng (2014-11-04). "A Novel Fungal Hyperparasite of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the Causal Agent of Wheat Stripe Rust". PLOS ONE. 9 (11): e111484. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1484Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111484. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4219752. PMID 25369036.

Read other articles:

Hutan Larangan Hulu Sungai Cibeet

Hutan Larangan Hulu Sungai Cibeet adalah sebuah kawasan hutan larangan yang berupa hutan tropis yang terletak di utara kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa tengah. Hutan ini secara budaya dianggap Masyarakat adat Dayeuhluhur Cilacap sebagai hutan keramat dan dianggap sebagai tanah ulayatnya. Sebuah jeram di Sungai Cibeet sebelah hulu. Lokasi Hutan ini berlokasi di Pegunungan Pembarisan perbatasan Jawa Tengah dengan Jawa Barat. Tepatnya kawasan hutan antara Gunung Pojoktiga hingga Sungai Ci Jolang. Karakte...

 

 

The Curtain (essay)

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Curtain essay – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) First edition (French) The Curtain is a seven-part essay by Milan Kundera, along with The Art of the Novel and Testaments Betrayed composing ...

 

 

André Laignel

André Laignel André Laignel en 2006. Fonctions Président du Comité des finances locales En fonction depuis le 27 septembre 2012(11 ans, 6 mois et 6 jours) Élection 27 septembre 2012 Réélection 1er juillet 20141er décembre 2020 Prédécesseur Gilles Carrez Premier vice-président délégué de l'Association des maires de France En fonction depuis le 27 novembre 2008(15 ans, 4 mois et 6 jours) Président Jacques PélissardFrançois BaroinDavid Lisnard Pré...

Migrations serbes

Les migrations serbes dans les Balkans revêtent une grande importance politique, linguistique et culturelle dans l'histoire des Serbes. Ces migrations ont été motivées par diverses raisons : certaines, massives mais ponctuelles, sont conséquence de la politique d'occupation turque, comme la grande migration de 1690 ; d’autres, plus diffuses mais sur des périodes plus longues, parfois des siècles, furent des déplacements causés par la surpopulation ou par des problèmes en...

 

 

East Germany at the 1984 Summer Paralympics

Sporting event delegationEast Germany at the1984 Summer ParalympicsFlag of the German Democratic RepublicIPC codeGDRin Stoke Mandeville/New YorkCompetitors4 in 1 sportMedalsRanked 35th Gold 0 Silver 3 Bronze 1 Total 4 Summer Paralympics appearances (overview)1984Other related appearances Germany (1960–) The German Democratic Republic (commonly known as East Germany) made its first and only Paralympic Games appearance at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville and New York City,...

 

 

Christianus Robidé van der Aa

Dutch jurist and author Christianus Petrus Eliza Robidé van der Aa. Christianus Petrus Eliza Robidé van der Aa (Amsterdam, 7 October 1791 – Oosterbeek, 14 May 1851) was a Dutch jurist and author.[1] He was the son of Pierre Jean Baptiste Charles van der Aa. Biography Christianus Petrus Eliza Robidé van der Aa, born in Amsterdam on 7 October 1791, was a son of Pierre Jean Baptiste Charles van der Aa and Francina Adriana Bartha van Peene. After his promotion to Doctor in both Laws ...

Datsun

Nissan's budget automobile marque; formerly Nissan's export market marque For the New Zealand rock band, see The Datsuns. Datsun2013 logoIndustryAutomotiveFoundedOriginal: 1931; 93 years ago (1931)Relaunch: 2013; 11 years ago (2013)DefunctOriginal: 1986 (1986)Relaunch: 2022 (2022)FateDiscontinuedHeadquartersTokyo, JapanArea servedIndia (defunct 2022)Indonesia (defunct 2020)Russia (defunct 2022)South Africa (defunct 2022)Key peopleYoshisuke Aikawa ...

 

 

Merangkul Ukraina, Memperkuat Persatuan

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Logo Kampanye Memeluk Ukraina. Memperkuat Persatuan. Merangkul Ukraina, Memperkuat Persatuan (Bahasa Inggris: Embrace Ukraine, Strengthen the Union; Bahasa Ukrainia: Прийми Україну. Зміцни Союз atau Pryimy Ukrainu. Zmitsny Soiuz)...

 

 

Kasih Kristus

Christus (1821) karya Bertel Thorvaldsen, Gereja Bunda Maria, Kopenhagen. Kasih Kristus adalah sebuah unsur utama keyakinan dan teologi Kekristenan dan Yahudi Mesianik.[1] Unsur tersebut merujuk kepada kasih Yesus Kristus untuk umat manusia, kasih umat Kristen untuk Kristus, dan kasih umat Kristen untuk orang lain.[2] Aspek tersebut berbeda dalam ajaran-ajaran Kristen—kasih untuk Kristus adalah sebuah perwujudan kasihnya untuk setiap orang.[3] Tema kasih adalah unsur...

بهاء الدين زاده

بهاء الدين زاده معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل محيي الدين محمد بن بهاء الدين بن لطف الله الرحماوي تاريخ الميلاد غير معروف تاريخ الوفاة 952هـ الإقامة القسطنطينية المذهب الفقهي حنفي العقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة، ماتريدية، صوفية الحياة العملية ينتمي إلى  تركيا مؤلفاته له تآليف ...

 

 

Kula Norinska

Municipality of Croatia Municipality in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, CroatiaKula NorinskaMunicipalityView at Kula NorinskaKula NorinskaCoordinates: 43°01′44″N 17°36′18″E / 43.029°N 17.605°E / 43.029; 17.605Country CroatiaCounty Dubrovnik-Neretva CountyGovernment • MayorNikola Krstičević[1]Area[2] • Total1.0 km2 (0.4 sq mi)Population (2021)[3] • Total205 • Density...

 

 

Stasiun MRT Commonwealth

 EW20 Commonwealth MRT Station联邦地铁站காமன்வெல்த்Angkutan cepatPeron Stasiun CommonwealthLokasi375 Commonwealth AvenueSingapura 149735Koordinat1°18′9.21″N 103°47′53.61″E / 1.3025583°N 103.7982250°E / 1.3025583; 103.7982250Jalur  Jalur Timur Barat Jumlah peronPulauJumlah jalur2LayananBus, TaksiKonstruksiJenis strukturMelayangTinggi peron2Akses difabelYesInformasi lainKode stasiunEW20SejarahDibuka12 Maret 1988O...

Ortodoxa kyrkor

Ortodoxa kyrkorÖstortodoxa kyrkorBysantinskt ortodoxa kyrkorGrekisk-ryska kyrkanOrtodoxa katolska kyrkan Sankt Savas kyrka i Belgrad, Serbien är en av världens största östortodoxa kyrkor och tillhör den serbisk-ortodoxa kyrkan.Karta över östortodoxa kyrkans utbredning i världen (augusti 2010).Region och utbredningÖsteuropaÖstafrikaMellanösternGrundad33GrundareJesus Kristus och apostlarnaTypKristen inriktningMedlemmar225-300 miljonerNyckelpersonerBartolomaios IAnsluten ti...

 

 

سانتو أندريه

سانتو أندريه تأسس عام 1967  البلد البرازيل  الدوري الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الرابعة  المدرب باولو روبرتو سانتوس  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   نادي سانتو اندريه (بالبرتغالية: Esporte Clube Santo André‏) ، هو نادي رياضي برازيلي لكرة القدم ، أسس بتاري...

 

 

Treaty of Templin

1317 treaty between Brandenburg and Denmark Treaty of TemplinBrandenburg in 1320TypeLegal status and succession in the Lands of Stargard and Schlawe-StolpSigned25 November 1317LocationTemplin, BrandenburgSignatories Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg King Eric VI of Denmark Prince Henry II of Mecklenburg Parties House of Ascania House of Estridsen House of Mecklenburg The Treaty of Templin was concluded on 24/25 November 1317, ending a war between the Margraviate of Brandenburg and Denmark,[...

非洲足球協會

非洲足球協會原名Confederation of African Footballالإتحاد الإفريقي لكرة القدم簡稱CAF成立時間1957年2月8日，​67年前​（1957-02-08）創始地喀土穆類型體育運動組織總部 埃及十月六日城服务地区非洲會員56個成員協會官方語言法文、英文及阿拉伯文網站http://www.cafonline.com 非洲足球協會（簡稱非洲足協；英語：Confederation of African Football，CAF；法語：Confédération Af...

 

 

Kiss (band)

American hard rock band KissThe original line-up of Kiss in 1975 (L–R): Paul Stanley, Gene Simmons, Peter Criss and Ace FrehleyBackground informationOriginNew York City, U.S.Genres Hard rock heavy metal shock rock glam metal DiscographyKiss discographyYears active1973–2023Labels Casablanca Mercury Roadrunner Kiss Universal Spinoffs Frehley's Comet Vinnie Vincent Invasion White Tiger Union ESP Paul Stanley’s Soul Station Past members Paul Stanley Gene Simmons Peter Criss Ace Frehley Eric...

 

 

Convenio de París para la Protección de la Propiedad Industrial

Para otros usos de este término, véase Convención de París. Convenio de París para la Protección de la Propiedad IndustrialRedacción 20 de marzo de 1883Firmado París, FranciaEn vigor 7 de julio de 1884Partes 177Depositario Organización Mundial de la Propiedad IntelectualIdioma FrancésSitio web wipo.int/treaties/es/ip/paris[editar datos en Wikidata] El Convenio de París para la Protección de la Propiedad Industrial (conocido como Convenio de París o Convención de Parí...

ΜTorrent

ΜTorrent µTorrent 3.2 di Windows 8TipeBitTorrent client (en) Versi pertama18 September 2005; 18 tahun lalu (2005-09-18)Versi stabilDaftarmacOS: 1.8.7.45548 (30 Januari 2020)Microsoft Windows: 3.6.0.47006 (11 Januari 2024)Android: 8.2.2 (21 Maret 2024) Genreklien BitTorrentLisensiPerangkat lunat beriklanBahasaDaftar bahasa 67 bahasa Karakteristik teknisSistem operasiAndroid (2.1 dan yang lebih baru), Linux (resminya didukung menggunakan Wine;[1] versi asli dalam pengembangan ...

 

 

Relatività generale

Albert Einstein nel 1921 La relatività generale, elaborata da Albert Einstein e pubblicata nel 1916[1], è l'attuale teoria fisica della gravitazione. Essa descrive l'interazione gravitazionale non più come azione a distanza fra corpi massivi, come nella teoria newtoniana, ma come effetto di una legge fisica che lega la geometria (più specificamente la curvatura) dello spazio-tempo con la distribuzione e il flusso in esso di massa, energia e impulso. In particolare la geometria del...